«История евреев. Том 6»

dismissed from his post, 5, 647.

Justi, court preacher, denounces Mendelssohn’s review of Frederick II’s poetry, 5, 302.

Justin I, emperor of the East, enforces the anti-Jewish laws of Theodosius II, 3, 10.

appealed to, to make war upon Zorah Nowas, 3, 66.

Justin II, emperor of the East, oppresses the Samaritans, 3, 17–18.

expels the Jews from their quarter in Constantinople, 3, 26.

Justinian I (483–565), emperor, closes the schools of philosophy in Greece, 3, 7.

interferes with the religious liberty of the Jews, 3, 12–16.

enacts that Jews are competent witnesses only in their own cases, 3, 12–13.

orders translations of the Law to be used by Jewish congregations, 3, 14–15.

forbids the recital of the confession of faith, 3, 15.

removes the Temple vessels from Constantinople to Jerusalem, 3, 27.

rule of, feared by the Jews of Italy, 3, 31.

made exarch of Ravenna, 3, 32.

appealed to by Imrulkais Ibn Hojr, 3, 69.

Justiniani, Augustin, bishop of Corsica, introduces the study of Hebrew into France, 4, 473, 474.

has Moses Kimchi’s grammar printed, 4, 474.

has a Latin translation of the “Guide of the Perplexed” made, 4, 474.

Justus of Tiberias, historian, does not mention Jesus, 2, 166.

leader of the Roman insurrection in Tiberias, 2, 274.

historian of the Roman war, 2, 319.

ambiguous conduct of, 2, 319–20.

attacks Josephus, 2, 390.

K

Kaab, teacher of the Law, converts Abu-Kariba to Judaism, 3, 62–3.

goes to Yemen to convert the people, 3, 63.

Kaab Ibn-Asharaf, Jewish opponent of Mahomet, 3, 74.

Kaab Ibn-Assad, chief of the Benu-Kuraiza, 3, 80.

killed by Mahomet, 3, 81.

Kaaba, the, the Square, the holy place of the Arabs, 3, 60.

number of idols in, 3, 72.

Moslem turn towards, in prayer, 3, 75.

Kaarat Kesef, by Joseph Ezobi, 3, 561.

Kabbala, the, Jacob ben Meshullam the first promoter of, 3, 396.

as used by Nachmani, 3, 535.

rise of, in the thirteenth century, 3, 547.

earliest promoters of, 3, 547.

reduced to a system, 3, 548.

youth of, 3, 548.

put into philosophical language, 3, 549.

counterpoise to the Maimunist philosophy, 3, 529.

compromise between faith and philosophy, 3, 549, 623.

theosophy of, 3, 550.

principles of, concerning God, 3, 550–1.

theory of emanation in, 3, 551–2.

theory of creation in, 3, 552–3.

on the mission of Israel, 3, 553.

mystical importance of prayer in, 3, 553–4.

on metempsychosis, 3, 554.

on retribution, 3, 555.

on the soul of the Messiah, 3, 555.

great age fraudulently claimed for, 3, 556.

promoted by Nachmani, 3, 556–7.

transplanted to Palestine by Nachmani, 3, 607.

to be taught in secret, according to Solomon ben Adret, 3, 619.

progress of, in Spain, 4, 1–23.

furtherance of, through the Zohar, 4, 22.

studied in Palestine, 4, 74–5.

in Spain in the fourteenth century, 4, 91.

influence of, increases in Spain, 4, 196.

studied by Pico di Mirandola, 4, 291–2, 433, 443.

Christian dogmas in, 4, 292.

translated into Latin, 4, 292, 443.

denounced by Elias del Medigo, 4, 292.

introduced into Safet by Joseph Saragossi, 4, 399.

in Salonica, 4, 405.

defended by Reuchlin, 4, 442–3, 466–7.

admired by Egidio de Viterbo, 4, 457.

carried to Italy and Turkey by Spanish exiles, 4, 481.

Christian scholars interested in, 4, 481.

affects the liturgy, 4, 481.

expectation of the Messiah the center of, 4, 482, 483.

Safet center of, 4, 538.

esteemed by the Church, 4, 583.

influence of, in Palestine in the sixteenth century, 4, 617.

spread of, 4, 617.

induces a Jewish “dark age,” 4, 617.

influence of, on Judaism, 4, 625–7.

corrupting influence of, 4, 626–7.

influence of, on seventeenth century Judaism, 5, 51–2.

as taught by Vital Calabrese, 5, 52–3.

spread by Israel Saruk, 5, 54.

spread by Abraham de Herrera, 5, 54.

identified with Neo-platonism, 5, 54.

beginnings of the criticism of, 5, 55.

attacked by Leo Modena, 5, 67, 74.

ridiculed by Joseph Delmedigo, 5, 77.

defended by Joseph Delmedigo, 5, 78–9.

Simone Luzzatto on, 5, 84.

studied by Spinoza, 5, 88.

influence of, on Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 118–19.

taught by Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 119.

Messianic speculation in, 5, 120–1.

at variance with Rabbinical Judaism, 5, 144, 277.

brings discredit on Judaism, 5, 166.

opposed by Jehuda Leon Brieli, 5, 200.

supposed to teach the Trinity, 5, 216.

unhealthy influences of, 5, 232–3.

Moses Chayim Luzzatto under the influence of, 5, 236.

study of, forbidden to young men, 5, 241, 277.

generally opposed by the rabbis, 5, 245.

sways the minds of Polish Jews, 5, 382.

views of, held by Elijah Wilna, 5, 390–1.

supporters of, in Italy, 5, 488.

disfigures Judaism, 5, 539.

См. также Зогар.

Kabbala, the higher, of Abraham Abulafia, 4, 5–6.

Каббалистические термины:

Адам Кадмон,

Диокна Кадиша,

Эйн-Соф,

Гематрия,

Иббур,

Картиэль,

Клиппа (Клиппот),

Кавванот,

Царь,

Малка Кадиша,

Матронита,

Ницуц (Ницуцот),

Нотарикон,

Олам ха-Тиккун,

Парцуфим,

Сфирот,

Шехина,

Цируф.

Kabbalistic writings, on the Index expurgatorius, 4, 584.

Kabbalists, the, opposed to the Maimunists in the interpretation of ceremonies, 3, 554.

distort the Scriptures, 3, 556.

opposed to Maimunists and Talmudists, 3, 558.

of Accho, in the Maimunist controversy, 3, 631–3.

and Solomon Molcho, 4, 496–7.

at Safet, 4, 622–3.

divorces frequent among, 4, 627; 5, 210.

Каббалисты, список:

Авраам из Гранады,

Авраам бен Давид,

Авраам бен Самуил Абулафия,

Авраам Леви,

Авраам Саба,

Алеман, Йоханан

Азриэль,

Барух из Беневенто,

Хананель Ибн-Аскара,

Хаим Виталь Калабрезе,

Коэн, Нафтали

Давид Ибн-Аби Зимра,

Элеазар бен Иегуда,

Эргас, Иосиф

Эзра,

Франкфуртер, Нафтали

Эррера, Авраам де

Гурвиц, Исаия

Исаак из Акко,

Исаак Слепой,

Исаак бен Авраам Ибн-Латиф,

Исаак Коэн Шалал,

Исаак Лурия Леви,

Израиль Сарук,

Яков из Сеговии,

Яков бен Мешуллам,

Яков бен Шешет Герунди,

Иосиф из Арли,

Иосиф бен Авраам Джикатилла,

Иосиф бен Тодрос Абулафия,

Иосиф Каро,

Иосиф Сарагосси,

Иуда де Бланис,

Иуда бен Яков Хайят,

Иуда Ибн-Верга,

Леви бен Тодрос Абулафия,

Луццатто, Моше Хаим

Меир бен Габбай,

Молько, Соломон

Моисей де Леон,

Моисей бен Исаак Алашкар,

Моисей бен Нахман,

Моисей Ботарель,

Моисей Закуто,

Оппенгейм, Давид

Самуил из Медина-Сели,

Самуил Франко,

Шем-Тов бен Авраам Ибн-Гаон,

Шем-Тов бен Иосиф Ибн-Шем Тов,

Соломон из Моравии,

Соломон бен Авраам бен Адрет,

Соломон Петит,

Тайтасак, Иосиф

Тодрос бен Иосиф Халеви Абулафия.

Кабул. См. Кабул.

Kachtan, ancestor of the Arabs, 3, 61, 62.

Kachtanites, the southern Arabians, 3, 61.

Kadish, the Exilarch mentioned in, 3, 95.

Kaffa (Theodosia), a Karaite community in, 3, 182.

Kafnaï, Exilarch, 3, 10.

Kahal Kados, congregation in Pernambuco, 4, 693.

Кахана. См. Мар-Кахана.

Kahana, Jacob, rabbi of Frankfort, exposes Kamenker, 5, 229.

exacts a promise from Luzzatto, 5, 241.

Kahir, Caliph of the East, deposes Saadiah, 3, 196, 200.

Кахира. См. Каир.

Kahiya, political representative of the Turkish Jews, 4, 404.

Kahtz, Christian, apostate, tries to create prejudice against the Jews, 5, 191.

Kaila, Arab tribe, relations of, to the Jews, 3, 55.

Кайлан, племя. См. Бену-Аус; Хазрадж.

Kailil, brother of Rabba bar Nachmani, 2, 575–6, 583.

Kaimakam, deputy vizir, 5, 147.

Kairuan (Maghreb), the Jewish community of, 3, 137.

center of science in the ninth century, 3, 146, 180.

the Exilarch Mar-Ukba at, 3, 185, 210.

new school founded in, by Chushiel, 3, 208, 210.

chief town of the Fatimide Caliphate, 3, 210.

study of the Talmud at, 3, 210–11.

the Jews of, confer the title Rosh on Chushiel, 3, 211.

Joseph Ibn-Abitur in, 3, 238.

school at, presided over by Chananel and Nissim bar Jacob, 3, 248.

the Jerusalem Talmud studied at the school of, 3, 249.

decay of the school at, 3, 249.

the Jews of, false Mahometans, 3, 360.

Kala-Ibn-Hammad, birthplace of Alfassi, 3, 285.

Kalâm, Arabic philosophy of religion, 3, 146–7.

Kalba-Sabua, father-in-law of Akiba, 2, 351, 355.

Калири. См. Элеазар бен Калир.

Kalish, the Jews of, massacred on the charge of well poisoning, 4, 111.

Kallahs, public lectures at the Babylonian academies, 2, 515; 3, 5–6, 97.

Kaller, Alexander, promotes education among the Galician Jews, 5, 394.

Kalmann, German immigrant in Turkey, 4, 271.

Kalmann of Ratisbon, repentant apostate, condemned to the stake, 4, 288.

Kalonymos, Italian Jew, attendant of Otto the Great, 3, 243.

Kalonymos, the Prince, head of the Jewish community of Beaucaire, 3, 400.

Kalonymos, scholar brought to Mayence by Charlemagne, 3, 143.

Kalonymos, Talmudist, rabbi of Worms, 3, 290.

Kalonymos ben Kalonymos (1287–1337), scholar at the court of Robert of Naples, 4, 61–2.

writer on ethics and satirist, 4, 62–3.

praised by Immanuel Romi, 4, 68.

Kalonymos ben Todros, head of the community of Narbonne, 3, 392.

sides with Abba-Mari, 4, 34.

asked to prepare the ban against the study of science, 4, 38.

draws up the ban, 4, 39.

Kama, friend of Samuel, meets Abba-Areka, 2, 512.

appointed judge, 2, 512.

rebukes the Exilarch, 2, 513.

Канаим. См. Зелоты.

Каменкер, Моисей Меир. См. Моисей Меир Каменкер.

Kameoth (Kamea), amulets, 3, 153.

used by rabbis, 5, 201–2.

distributed by Eibeschütz, 5, 257.

Kamerau, the, a noble family, claim the Jews of Ratisbon, 4, 300.

Kamieniec, disputation at, between Frankists and Talmudists, 5, 280, 281.

the Talmud burnt at, 5, 282.

Kamus, fortress of the Chaibar Jews, 3, 55.

holds out against Mahomet, 3, 82.

fall of, 3, 83.

Канди. См. Цейлон.

Kant, Immanuel, unsuccessful candidate for the prize of the Berlin Academy, 5, 303, 304.

on Mendelssohn’s “Jerusalem,” 5, 365.

meeting of, with Mendelssohn, 5, 398.

distinguishes Marcus Herz, 5, 405–6.

Herz lectures on the philosophy of, 5, 406.

philosophy of, admired by Ben-David, 5, 409.

Ben-David lectures on the philosophy of, 5, 410.

philosophy of, studied by Krochmal, 5, 608.

Капсали. См. Элиас бен Элкана; Элиэзер; Элкана; Моисей Капсали.

Кара. См. Авигдор Кара; Иосиф Кара; Симон Кара.

Караим. См. Караимы.

Karaism, the religion of the sect founded by Anan ben David, 3, 130.

original character of, obscure, 3, 131.

rigidity of, 3, 131–3.

unsettled character of, 3, 133.

causes dissension among the Rabbanites, 3, 156–7.

freedom in exegesis the principal dogma of, 3, 157.

sects of, 3, 157–8.

lack of union in, 3, 158.

first signs of the decay of, 3, 181.

ascetic character of, in Jerusalem, 3, 181–2.

propaganda for, 3, 182.

expounded by Solomon ben Yerucham, 3, 203.

propaganda for, by Abulsari Sahal ben Mazliach Kohen, 3, 203–5.

spread by Jephet Ibn-Ali Halevi, 3, 205–6.

spreads during the tenth century, 3, 206–7.

attacked by Samuel ben Chofni, 3, 253.

inferiority of, to Talmudical Judaism proved by Jehuda Halevi, 3, 334.

criticised by Shemarya Ikriti, 4, 69–70.

in the fourteenth century, 4, 70.

centers of, 4, 71.

liturgy of, fixed, 4, 71.

petrifaction of, illustrated, 4, 269–70.

not attractive to Richard Simon, 5, 180, 181.

inquired into by Charles XI of Sweden, 5, 182.

account of the origin of, by Samuel ben Aaron, 5, 183.

account of, by Mordecai ben Nissan, 5, 183–4.

inquired into by Charles XII of Sweden, 5, 184.

Караимские секты, список:

Абу-Амраниты (Тифлиситы),

Акбариты,

Макариты,

Моисей из Баальбека, последователи.

Караимские авторы, список:

Аарон бен Элия Никомеди,

Аарон бен Иосиф Старший,

Абулсари Сахал бен Мацлиах Коэн,

Анан бен Давид,

Вениамин бен Моисей из Нахавенда,

Ибн-Саквия,

Исаак бен Авраам Троки,

Иегуда бен Элия Хадасси,

Иефет Ибн-Али Халеви,

Мордехай бен Ниссан,

Самуил бен Аарон,

Соломон бен Иерухам.

Karaites (Ananites), the, followers of Anan ben David, 3, 134.

excommunicated by the heads of the academies, 3, 134.

renounce connection with the Rabbanites, 3, 134.

acknowledge Anan ben David as the legitimate Exilarch, 3, 135.

hold a memorial service for Anan ben David, 3, 135.

study the Bible, 3, 136, 189.

of Mutazilist tendency, 3, 149, 150–1.

adopt the ban, 3, 151.

tradition among, 3, 159.

marriage laws of, 3, 159.

opposed by Natronaï II, 3, 178.

opposed by Simon of Cairo, 3, 179.

scientific pursuits of, 3, 180.

shun the Rabbanites, 3, 182.

spread of, in the East, 3, 182.

attacked by Saadiah, 3, 189.

calendar of, attacked by Saadiah, 3, 190–1.

defended by Solomon ben Yerucham, 3, 191.

later works of Saadiah against, 3, 192.

fond of philosophical disputations, 3, 197.

lexicographical work of, superseded by Menachem ben Saruk’s, 3, 225.

expect the Messiah in the eleventh century, 3, 247.

views of, occasionally endorsed by Samuel ben Meïr, 3, 346.

persecuted in Spain in the eleventh century, 3, 362.

humbled by Jehuda Ibn-Ezra, 3, 362–3.

rise of, after the fall of Jehuda Ibn-Ezra, 3, 366.

and Abraham Ibn-Ezra, 3, 366.

regarded as idolaters by Samson ben Abraham, 3, 408.

in Constantinople in the twelfth century, 3, 425.

in Damascus, 3, 427.

in Askalon, 3, 427.

degeneracy of, in Asia in the twelfth century, 3, 443.

of Cairo, governed by a Nassi, 3, 444.

of Alexandria, 3, 444.

treatment of, by Maimonides, 3, 465.

disciples of Nachmani, 3, 607.

the way for, paved by the religious philosophers, 3, 625.

inclined to a reconciliation with Rabbanites, 4, 71–2.

institute pilgrim prayers, 4, 73–4.

in Poland under Casimir IV, 4, 265.

emigrate to Turkey, 4, 269.

ignorance of, 4, 269.

taught by Rabbanite teachers, 4, 269.

celebration of the Sabbath by, 4, 269–70.

efforts to reconcile, to Talmudic Judaism, 4, 270.

protected by Elias Mizrachi in Constantinople, 4, 403–4.

and Joseph Delmedigo, 5, 76–7.

Polish and Lithuanian, degradation of, 5, 182–3.

scattered by order of John Sobieski, 5, 182.

invited to go to Sweden, 5, 183.

accused of conspiring with Krochmal against the Talmud, 5, 608.

treated of in the Scientific Journal, 5, 626.

in Cairo reconciled with the Rabbanites by Munk, 5, 664.

history of, cleared up by Munk, 5, 666.

rise of, 5, 727.

Karben, Victor von (1442–1515), apostate, employed to write anti-Jewish pamphlets, 4, 424–5.

suggested as Pfefferkorn’s coadjutor, 4, 432.

directs the confiscation of Hebrew books, 4, 437, 441.

decides that the Talmud ought to be burnt, 4, 444.

Karl Ludwig, count-palatine, offers Spinoza a professorship, 5, 108.

Karlinians, a branch of the Chassidim, 5, 388, 391.

Karmisin, the Exilarch Mar-Ukba banished to, 3, 184.

Каро. См. Иосиф Каро.

Kartiel, name of a Sefira, 4, 17.

Каспи. См. Иосиф Каспи.

Kasser ben Aaron, reconciles Aaron Ibn-Sarjadu with Saadiah, 3, 200–1.

Kasr, home of David ben Zaccaï, 3, 186.

Katzenellenbogen, Ezekiel, rabbi of the “three communities,” excommunicates Kamenker, 5, 238.

forbids the study of Kabbala to young men, 5, 241.

Kazimierz, the Jews of, number of, 4, 632.

Kedeshim, the holy men of the Canaanites, 1, 54.

Kedeshoth, Canaanite priestesses, 1, 54.

in Samaria, 1, 198.

maintained in Jerusalem under Manasseh, 1, 283.

Kedoshim (saints), martyrs of the first crusade, 3, 302.

graves of, visited, 3, 309.

Keeper of the lists (rolls), under David, 1, 122.

manager of war, 1, 305, 313.

beheaded by Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 314.

Кефар-Нахум. См. Капернаум.

Kelifa (Kelifoth), Kabbalistic term for sin in the Zohar, 4, 17, 620; 5, 120.

Кенас. См. Перепись.

Kendites, the, an Arab tribe, adopt Judaism, 3, 63.

chief of, protected by Samuel Ibn-Adiya, 3, 68–9.

Кенесет ха-Гдола. См. Великое Собрание.

Kenites, the, Moses with, 1, 13–14.

aid the Israelites in the desert, 1, 26.

aid Judah, 1, 38.

allies of the Israelites, 1, 61.

Kephar Lekitaja, military station established by Hadrian, 2, 419.

Кефас. См. Петр.

Kepler, and David Gans, 4, 638.

Kerbella, the battle of, the Ommiyyades defeated at, 3, 125.

Керек. См. Кир-Моав.

Kerem Chemed, Hebrew journal devoted to Jewish science, 5, 621, 693.

contributors to, 5, 621–2.

Керманшах. См. Кармисин.

Kertch, Jews of the Byzantine empire settle in, 3, 123.

Karaites in, in the ninth century, 3, 182.

capital of the Crimea, 3, 222.

Kether Malchuth, philosophical poem by Ibn-Gebirol, 3, 270.

Kewanoth, Kabbalistic term, devotion, 5, 121.

Khataib, Sephardic synagogue at Damascus, 4, 400.

Khemarim, idolatrous priests, under Manasseh, 1, 283.

Khiva, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 435.

Khorasan, under the jurisdiction of the Pumbeditha academy, 3, 98, 184.

the Exilarch banished to, 3, 196.

ambassadors from, bring news to Spain of the Jewish Chazar kingdom, 3, 220.

under the jurisdiction of the Exilarch, 3, 428.

Khorasan, the Jews of, believe themselves descendants of the Ten Tribes, 3, 433.

occupations of, 3, 433.

allied with the Ghuzz, 3, 434.

aid Jenghis-Khan, 3, 581.

Хозары. См. Хазары.

Kiddush, the, blessing over wine at the beginning of the Sabbath, instituted, 1, 398.

Kiera, Esther, court Jewess in Turkey, patroness of Jewish literature, 4, 608, 629.

influence of, under Murad III, 4, 629.

death of, 4, 629–30.

Kiev, tributary to the Chazars, 3, 138.

the Jews banished from the district of, 5, 12.

Kilavun, sultan of Egypt, and David Maimuni, 3, 620.

the Jewish subjects of, under the Damascus Exilarch, 3, 627.

Kimchi family, the, at Narbonne, 3, 392; 4, 442.

См. Давид; Иосиф бен Исаак; Моисей Кимхи.

Kinanah Ibn-ol-Rabia, incites Arabian tribes to war against Mahomet, 3, 79.

leader of the Jews of Chaibar, 3, 82.

death of, 3, 82–3.

King, Kabbalistic term, 4, 18.

Kingdom of God, the, predicted by a Judæan poet in Egypt, 2, 143.

Kingdom of Heaven, the, hastening of, the object of Essene asceticism, 2, 145.

brought by the second advent of Jesus, 2, 167.

according to Paul, 2, 226.

Kings, the Books of, commentary on, by Isaac Abrabanel, 4, 359.

Киннерет. См. Тивериадское озеро.

Кир-Харешет. См. Кир-Моав.

Kir-Moab (Kerek, Kir-Haraseth), Moabite fortress, 1, 209.

Kiryath-Jearim, the Ark of the Covenant at, 1, 72.

the Ark removed from, 1, 119.

Kiryath-Sepher (Debir), taken by the tribe of Judah, 1, 38.

Kish, father of Saul, 1, 83.

“Kitab Al-Assval,” lexicon by Ibn-Janach, 3, 263.

Клаузнер. См. Авраам Клаузнер.

Kley transplants the Reform movement to Hamburg, 5, 563–4.

inefficiency of, 5, 564.

Heine on, 5, 577.

Klonowicz, Polish poet, assails the Jews, 4, 643.

Kobad, king of the neo-Persians, tool of Mazdak, 3, 1.

disciple of Mazdak, 3, 2.

dethroned by the nobles, 3, 2.

persecutes Jews and Christians, 3, 3–4.

death of, 3, 5.

Koberger, Antonius, opponent of the Jews in Nuremberg, 4, 415.

Kodesh ha-Kodashim, by Ibn-Labi Ferrer, 4, 234.

Kofrim, unbelievers, antagonists of the Sabbatians, 5, 144.

Sabbataï Zevi proposes capital punishment for, 5, 150.

Коэн. См. Абулсари Сахал; Натан бен Исаак; Соломон Коэн.

Kohen-Zedek II ben Joseph (917–936), Gaon of Pumbeditha, character of, 3, 183.

causes dissension between Sora and Pumbeditha, 3, 184.

forces the Exilarch Mar-Ukba to remove, 3, 184.

has Mar-Ukba banished a second time, 3, 185.

deposed by David ben Zaccaï, 3, 186.

recognized as Gaon by the Exilarch, 3, 186.

proposes the closing of the Sora academy, 3, 192.

jealous of Saadiah, 3, 194.

espouses the side of David ben Zaccaï against Saadiah, 3, 195.

death of, 3, 200.

son of, 3, 208.

“Kol Sachal,” by Leo Modena, 5, 73.

Kölbele, John Balthasar, writes a pamphlet against Mendelssohn, 5, 316–17.

Колон, Иосиф. См. Иосиф бен Соломон Колон.

Kompse bar Kompse, partisan of Rome in Tiberias, 2, 274.

Koniecpolski, house of, controls Cossack colonization, 5, 3.

employs Bogdan Chmielnicki, 5, 7.

Königsberg, a Jewish cemetery at, 5, 190.

the University of, admits Jews, 5, 398–405.

the Hamburg reforms adopted in, 5, 573.

Königsberg, the Jews of, burnt, 5, 110–11.

in Mendelssohn’s time, 5, 397–8.

join the “Society of Friends,” 5, 418.

apostasy of, 5, 420.

Konstantinov, the synod of, excommunicates Frankists, 5, 277.

Koom, defeat of Judghanites at, 3, 150.

Корахиты. См. Корей, сыны.

Korah, Samuel descended from, 1, 73.

honored by the Cainites, 2, 375.

Korah, the sons of, Samuel ancestor of, 1, 79.

psalmists, 1, 120.

compose psalms on Sennacherib’s failure, 1, 278.

compose a love-song in honor of Hezekiah’s marriage, 1, 279.

Корахиты. См. Корей, сыны.

Koraishites, the, defeated by the Mahometans at Bedr, 3, 76.

induced to make war upon Mahomet, 3, 79.

distrustful of their allies, 3, 80.

Koran, the, and Jewish sources, 3, 72.

spread by the Jewish disciples of Mahomet, 3, 73.

revelations against the Jews in, 3, 75, 78.

war with the Nadhirites justified in, 3, 79.

on the slaughter of the Benu Kuraiza, 3, 81.

accepted by the Moslem as the word of God, 3, 84.

on the position of woman, 3, 92.

rationalistic expounders of, 3, 147.

violence done to the text of, 3, 148.

consulted by Haï Gaon for the explanation of Biblical words, 3, 251.

Korban Mussaph, special Sabbath and festival sacrifice, 1, 401.

Kosmann, defender of the Jews, 5, 470.

Kotzebue, assassination of, 5, 528, 533.

Ковад. См. Кобад.

Krämer, August, favors the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 521–2.

Krems, the Jews of, perish during the Black Death persecutions, 4, 110.

Krochmal, Nachman Cohen (1785–1840), founder of the Galician school, 5, 607.

Jewish and philosophical studies of, 5, 608.

partially hostile to Talmudism, 5, 608.

accused of conspiring with Karaites against the Talmud, 5, 608–9.

method of instruction of, 5, 609.

uses the Talmud in historical researches, 5, 609–10.

admiration for, 5, 610.

Rapoport disciple of, 5, 610, 614, 617.

influence of, on young Galicians, 5, 614.

style of, 5, 617.

influence of Rapoport on, 5, 617–18.

devotes himself to encyclopædic studies, 5, 618.

the father of Jewish science, 5, 619.

contributor to the Kerem Chemed, 5, 622.

as exegete, 5, 695, 699.

Krysa, Jehuda Leb, Frankist rabbi, 5, 275.

makes a Catholic confession of faith, 5, 285.

Kryvonoss, Haïdamak leader, 5, 9.

Kufa, given to Jewish exiles by Omar, 3, 85.

residence of Ali, 3, 90.

capital of eastern Islam, 3, 93.

the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 437.

Ezekiel’s grave near, 3, 440–1.

Kunigunde, sister of Maximilian I, marries her father’s enemy, 4, 428.

becomes abbess of a Franciscan convent, 4, 428.

gives Pfefferkorn a letter to Maximilian, 4, 428–9.

influences Maximilian to issue mandates against the Jews, 4, 437, 440–1.

Kuraiza Place, the market place of Medina, 3, 81.

Kuranda, Ignatz, founder of the “Israelitische Allianz,” 5, 703.

Kuru-Gismu, Hebrew printing press at, 4, 628.

Кузари. См. Хозари.

Куссиэль. См. Иекутиэль.

Кипрос. См. Кипрос.

L

La Asumção, Diogo de, Franciscan, professes Judaism, 4, 668.

martyr, 4, 669.

influences Rohel Jesurun, 4, 669, 670.

Labienus, persuades the Parthians to invade Syria, 2, 82.

Lachish, king of, defeated by Joshua, 1, 34–5.

Amaziah killed in, 1, 226.

headquarters of Sennacherib, 1, 273.

offers opposition to Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 311.

Ladislaus II, of Bohemia and Hungary, appealed to by the Jews of Ratisbon, 4, 303.

and the Jews of Bohemia, 4, 417.

Ladislaus IV, of Hungary, confirms the anti-Jewish decrees of the Council of Buda, 3, 615.

Ladislaus V (Posthumus), of Hungary, and Capistrano, 4, 262.

sanctions the expulsion of Jews from Silesia, 4, 262–3.

Lænas, Popillius, Roman deputy to Antiochus Epiphanes, 1, 453.

La Fare, bishop of Nancy, opposes the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 441, 462.

La Fuente, Juan de, inquisitor, cruelty of, 4, 484.

Lagarto, Jacob, first Talmudical author in South America, 4, 693.

Lagrange, lauds a mathematical work by Ensheim, 5, 401.

La Guardia, the Jews of, charged with the blood accusation, 4, 343.

Laguna, Lopez (Daniel Israel, 1660–1720), Marrano poet in Jamaica, 5, 203.

Lahmi, brother of Goliath, Philistine champion, 1, 117.

Lamartine, and the Turkish Jews, 5, 649.

Lamentations, the, of Jeremiah, 1, 316, 319.

Леммлейн, Ашер. См. Ашер Леммлейн.

Lampo, an Alexandrian hostile to the Judæans, 2, 181.

Landau, Ezekiel (1720–1793), rabbi of Jampol, declares the Eibeschütz amulets Sabbatian, 5, 265–6.

distrusts Eibeschütz, 5, 289.

opposes Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation, 5, 330.

objects to the study of the sciences, 5, 402.

opponent of the Berlin movement, 5, 417.

death of, 5, 566.

Landfried, ambassador from Charlemagne to Haroun Alrashid, 3, 143.

Landsberg, Jews settle in, 5, 174.

Landtag, the Prussian, Jews in, 5, 697.

Langton, Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, hostile to the Jews, 3, 504.

convenes a Church Council at Oxford, 3, 516.

“Language of Truth, The,” pamphlet in the Eibeschütz controversy, 5, 266.

Languedoc, the Jews of, in the tenth century, 3, 242.

in the twelfth century, 3, 389–91.

and the ban against science, 4, 40.

protected by the governor, 4, 132.

Laniado, Joseph, accused of ritual murder, 5, 636.

tortured, 5, 636–7.

dies under the torture, 5, 638.

Lansac, de, French ambassador, 4, 577.

Laodicea (Leda), treasure house in, for the half-Shekel contributions to the Temple, 2, 53.

Herod at, 2, 93.

Verus Commodus at, 2, 447.

place of exile of José ben Chalafta, 2, 448.

the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 426.

Ла Папа, Аарон де. См. Папа, Аарон де ла.

La Peyrère, Isaac, on Israel’s restoration, 5, 24–5.

in intercourse with Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 25.

Laplace, lauds a mathematical work by Ensheim, 5, 401.

Lara, de, noble Castilian family, 3, 363.

Lara, David Coen de (1610–1674), preacher and philologist, 5, 115.

unaffected by Spinoza’s attack upon Judaism, 5, 117.

Ларта. См. Арта.

Laskorun, Frankists surprised at, 5, 275.

Lateran Council, the third, forbids Jews to keep Christian nurses or domestics, 3, 400, 418, 421–2.

forbids forcible baptism, 3, 421.

the decrees of, disregarded by Philip Augustus, 3, 498–9.

Lateran Council, the fourth, convoked by Innocent III, 3, 508–9.

purposes of, 3, 509.

Jewish delegates to, 3, 509.

results of, 3, 509.

Lateran Council, the fourth, anti-Jewish decrees of, 3, 509–11.

confirmed by the Council of Narbonne, 3, 518.

re-enacted by the Councils of Rouen and Tours, 3, 520.

enforced in Hungary, 3, 521.

executed by Frederick II, 3, 569.

Lateran Council, the fifth, the Reuchlin case submitted to, 4, 464.

declares for Reuchlin, 4, 465.

Lathier, opponent of the Jews of Alsace, 5, 524–5.

Latin translations of the Scriptures, ordered to be read in Jewish congregations, 3, 14–15. See also Vulgate, the.

Latin words, in the Mishna, 2, 461.

Laurilla, Dutch consul, protects the Jews of Beyrout, 5, 641.

Laurin, Austrian consul-general in Turkey, interferes in the Damascus affair, 5, 647.

thanked by the London meeting, 5, 653.

thanked by the Jews of Alexandria, 5, 660.

Lavater, John Caspar, attracted by Mendelssohn’s physiognomy, 5, 308–9.

determines to convert Mendelssohn, 5, 309–10.

letter addressed to, by Mendelssohn, 5, 311–13.

unpopularity of, 5, 313.

apologizes to Mendelssohn, 5, 314.

anecdotes concerning, 5, 315.

Ла Вега, де. См. Пенсо, Иосиф.

Law (Torah, Pentateuch), the, carried to Babylon by the priests, 1, 334.

observed by the Babylonians, 1, 364.

studied by Ezra, 1, 365.

read to the people by Ezra, 1, 378–80.

the Judæans swear to observe, 1, 380–1.

displaces prophecy, 1, 385.

strict observance of, 1, 387.

held sacred by the Samaritans, 1, 392.

the fundamental law of the commonwealth, 1, 393–4.

study of, 1, 396.

the “fence” about, 1, 397–8.

unspiritual tendency of the laws of clean and unclean in, 1, 401–2.

studied and observed by the Chassidim, 1, 436.

the observance of, urged by Jesus Sirach, 1, 440–1.

aspersed by Menelaus, 1, 449–50.

translated into Greek, 1, 510–14. See Septuagint, the.

study and observance of, under Salome Alexandra, 2, 51.

knowledge of, spread by the schools of Hillel and Shammai, 2, 149.

transgressors of, addressed by Jesus, 2, 152.

desertion from, among the Alexandrians, 2, 209.

observance of, urged by Philo, 2, 210–14.

attempts to harmonize, with philosophy, 2, 212–13.

attacked by Greek Judæans, 2, 221–2.

upheld by the apostle Paul, 2, 221.

to be abrogated for the conversion of the heathen, 2, 225.

abrogated, according to Paul, by the appearance of Jesus, 2, 226, 229–30.

declared binding by certain apostles, 2, 231.

adhered to, by Judæan Christians, 2, 232.

enforced by the Jamnia Synhedrion, 2, 363–4.

declared unnecessary by Paul, 2, 365.

observed by the Jewish Christians, 2, 365–6.

disregarded by the Pagan Christians, 2, 367.

the observance of, forbidden by Hadrian, 2, 422.

said to have been altered by the Samaritans, 2, 457.

the instruction of women in, 2, 474.

classification of the commands in, 2, 499.

observance of, in Samaria, 2, 534.

Chaldaic and Syriac translations of, 2, 581–2.

said to contain references to Mahomet, 3, 76.

knowledge of, esteemed, 3, 113.

held to be binding by Anan ben David, 3, 134.

Tossafoth in explanation of, 3, 345.

проанализирован в «Путеводителе растерянных», 3, 484–5.

abrogated according to Raymund Martin, 3, 622.

Persian translation of, 4, 401.

significance of, 5, 716–17, 721.

Halachic development of, 5, 723–4.

См. также Мишна; Писание; Талмуд.

Law, the, the Book of (Deuteronomy), found in the Temple, 1, 292–3.

read to the people in Jerusalem, 1, 294.

read by Ezra in Jerusalem, 1, 378–80.

Law, the, commentary on, by Philo, 2, 212.

by Solomon ben Yerucham, 3, 206.

by Chananel ben Chushiel and Nissim bar Jacob, 3, 249.

by Samuel ben Chofni, 3, 253.

by Samuel ben Meïr, 3, 346.

by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, 3, 371–2.

by Moses of Coucy, 3, 586.

by Nachmani, 3, 607–8.

См. также Писание, комментарии.

Law, the, the disciples of, meaning of, 2, 357.

Law, the, the reading of, instituted, 1, 396.

at divine service in the Sopheric age, 1, 399.

the Exilarch the first called to, 3, 95.

Law, the, the scroll of, burnt by Antiochus Epiphanes, 1, 455.

burnt by the overseers of Antiochus Epiphanes, 1, 457.

carried with the Judæan army under Judas Maccabæus, 1, 467.

profaned by a Roman soldier, 2, 243.

burnt by Ursicinus, 2, 569.

burnt in Nancy, 5, 451.

Law, the, the teachers of, called Rabbis, 2, 335.

disunited, 2, 335.

forbid the study of Greek under Hadrian, 2, 400.

meet at Lydda, 2, 423–4.

artisans, 2, 441, 442, 575.

demands upon, in the time of Judah I, 2, 453–4.

displeased with Judah II, 2, 485–6.

severity of, to each other, 2, 547.

banished from Judæa under Constantine, 2, 566–7.

superstition of, 2, 578.

luxurious habits of, 2, 588–9.

a privileged class, 2, 589.

scorned, 2, 589–90.

as compilers, 2, 605.

persecuted by Kobad, 3, 4.

persecuted by Hormisdas, 3, 8.

averse from the use of Latin and Greek in the synagogue, 3, 14.

attack the Byzantine empire, 3, 16.

among the Arabian Jews, 3, 59, 62.

См. также Амораи; Гаоны; Сабураи; Соферимы; Таннаи.

Закон, переводы. См. в разделе Пятикнижие; Перевод.

Law, the oral (Tradition), early origin of, 1, 396–7.

study of, under Salome Alexandra, 2, 51.

Pharisee study of, begins, 2, 72.

justified by Hillel, 2, 98–9.

knowledge of, spread by the schools of Hillel and Shammai, 2, 149.

the study of, encouraged by Jochanan ben Zakkai, 2, 326.

systematized by Hillel, 2, 327–8.

committed to memory, 2, 328.

methods of establishing, 2, 328.

taught outside of Jamnia, 2, 335.

disinterested study of, 2, 338–9.

the earliest code of, 2, 343.

as deduced by Akiba, 2, 352–3.

Akiba’s code of, 2, 353–4.

as deduced by Ishmael ben Elisha, 2, 355–6.

the study of, outside of Judæa, 2, 358–9.

unity of, established, 2, 405.

the study of, forbidden by Hadrian, 2, 426.

importance of the study of, 2, 427, 473–4, 544.

knowledge of, transplanted from Asia to Europe, 2, 443.

codification of, completed, 2, 460, 462.

new development of, in Babylonia, 2, 511.

neglected in Babylonia, 2, 513–14.

the study of, flourishes in Babylonia, 2, 574–5.

the distinguishing feature of Judaism, 2, 608.

См. также Галаха; Мишна; Талмуд; Таннаи.

La-Yesharim Tehilla, drama by Luzzatto, 5, 242–4.

Lazarus, disciple of Jesus, 2, 160.

Кожаные руки. См. Армледер.

Leb Herz, Sabbatian, 5, 152.

Lebanon, mountain range, description of, 1, 42, 44.

wood from, used for Solomon’s Temple, 1, 164.

Leblin, chamberlain of the Duke of Austria, 3, 567.

Lecha Dodi, Sabbath song, 4, 538.

“Lectures upon the Modern History of the Jews,” by Löwisohn, 5, 594.

Леда. См. Лаодикея.

Lee, Johanna, founder of the Shakers, 5, 378.

Lefrank, satirist, Jewish champion, 5, 471–2.

Leghorn, Elias Montalto at, 4, 673.

the Sabbatian movement in, 5, 149.

Nathan Ghazati at, 5, 161.

the Portuguese Jews of, wealthy, 5, 205.

rabbis of, espouse the cause of Eibeschütz, 5, 264.

rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, 5, 571.

Leghorn, the Jews of, care for the Polish Jewish fugitives, 5, 16.

excepted from Napoleon’s restrictive laws, 5, 499.

show honor to the Jewish envoys to Egypt, 5, 658.

Lehren, Hirsch, interested in the Damascus affair, 5, 649.

appeal to, from Damascus, 5, 651.

protests against the Brunswick rabbinical conference, 5, 682.

Лейбцолль. См. Подушный налог.

Leipsic, Jews permitted to live in, 5, 509.

a Reform synagogue in, 5, 573.

Leipsic, the battle of, celebrated by Jewish preachers, 5, 528.

consecration of the Hamburg Temple on the anniversary of, 5, 564.

Лейбович. См. Франк, Яков.

Lemberg, meeting place of the Polish Talmudists, 4, 640.

the German population of, 5, 3.

the Jews of, suffer through the Cossacks, 5, 11.

Sabbatianism in, 5, 228.

disputation at, between Frankists and Talmudists, 5, 285–7.

Frankists baptized at, 5, 288.

beginnings of culture among the Jews of, 5, 612.

Lemberg (district), Jacob Frank the leader of the Sabbatians in, 5, 273–4.

Lemon, Herz de, member of the Felix Libertate, 5, 453.

zealous for the emancipation of the Dutch Jews, 5, 455.

deputy to the National Assembly, 5, 458.

Лемос, Генриетта де. См. Герц, Генриетта.

Lenæus, guardian of Ptolemy V’s sons, 1, 450.

Leo X, pope, friendly to the Jews, 4, 407, 592.

employs a Jewish physician, 4, 408.

appealed to by Reuchlin, 4, 453, 454.

worldly character of, 4, 453–4.

orders the examination of Hoogstraten and Reuchlin, 4, 454.

appealed to by Hoogstraten, 4, 455.

appoints Cardinal Grimani judge in Reuchlin’s cause, 4, 458.

yields to Hoogstraten, 4, 464.

submits the Reuchlin affair to the fifth Lateran Council, 4, 464.

suspends the Reuchlin suit, 4, 465.

Reuchlin’s work on the Kabbala dedicated to, 4, 466.

encourages the printing of the Talmud, 4, 468, 565.

Leo of Crema, a wealthy Italian Jew, 4, 287.

Лео Еврей. См. Иуда Леон Абрабанель.

Лео Еврей. См. Леви бен Гершон.

Leo the Isaurian, emperor, forces baptism upon the Jews of the Byzantine empire, 3, 122–3.

forces Jews to emigrate, 3, 139.

oppresses the Jews, 3, 175.

Лео Медиго. См. Иуда Леон Абрабанель.

Leo the Philosopher, emperor of the Byzantine empire, punishes backsliding Jewish converts, 3, 176.

Leo (Judah) ben Isaac Modena (1571–1649), sceptic, 5, 56.

ancestry of, 5, 65.

precocity of, 5, 65.

varied attainments of, 5, 65–6.

lacks genius and character, 5, 66.

scepticism of, 5, 66–7.

on card playing, 5, 67.

on the transmigration of souls, 5, 67.

member of the Venice rabbinate, 5, 67.

and Sarah Sullam, 5, 70.

teacher of Christians, 5, 71.

publishes a work on Jewish customs, 5, 71–2, 81.

attacks the Kabbala, 5, 74.

death of, 5, 74.

teacher of Joseph Delmedigo, 5, 75.

fickleness of, 5, 84.

criticism of the Kabbala by, attacked by Luzzatto, 5, 240.

Leon, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 384.

suffer from the forces of Castile and Aragon, 3, 387.

not compelled to wear Jew badges, 3, 513.

letter to, denouncing Solomon of Montpellier, 3, 544.

taxed under Sancho, 3, 617.

accept baptism under Vincent Ferrer, 4, 205.

Леон. См. Иегуда бен Меир; Иуда бен Иехиэль.

Леон де Баньоль. См. Леви бен Гершон.

Leon of Filneck, character in “Nathan the Wise,” 5, 324.

Leon, Jacob Jehuda (Templo, 1603–1671), supposed author of “Colloquium Middelburgense,” 4, 691.

work of, on the Temple, 5, 114–15.

work of, translated, 5, 115.

translator of the Psalms, 5, 115.

unaffected by Spinoza’s attack on Judaism, 5, 117.

Леоне Романо. См. Иегуда бен Моисей бен Даниил.

Leonora, duchess of Tuscany, friend of Benvenida Abrabanel, 4, 410, 553, 544.

Leonora, widow of Ferdinand I, regent of Portugal, 4, 160.

removes Jews from office, 4, 160.

renounces the regency, 4, 160–1.

quarrels with Juan I of Castile, 4, 161.

Leonora de Guzman, mistress of Alfonso XI of Castile, arouses his suspicions against Gonzalo Martinez, 4, 85.

sons of, oppose Pedro the Cruel, 4, 113.

causes the ill-treatment of Alfonso’s wife, 4, 114.

Leonore d’Este, attachment of the Jews to, 4, 660.

Леонтин. См. Иегуда бен Меир.

Leontopolis, the Temple of Onias built at, 1, 508.

Leopold I, emperor, decrees the banishment of the Jews, 5, 170.

refuses to revoke the decree of banishment, 5, 171–2.

re-admits Jews into Vienna, 5, 189.

decrees the suppression of “Judaism Unmasked,” 5, 190.

appealed to, in behalf of Eisenmenger’s book, 5, 192–3.

Leopold II, of Austria, imposes new restrictions on the Jews, 5, 508.

Leopold, duke of Austria, Jewish treasurer of, 3, 418.

Leopoldstadt, assigned to the Jews of Vienna, 4, 702; 5, 172.

Lepanto, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 424.

Lepers, the, at Bethany, 2, 160.

treatment of, in the Middle Ages, 4, 57.

Lepidus, member of the second triumvirate, 2, 81.

Lerida, resists the introduction of the Inquisition, 4, 332.

Lerida, the Jews of, excommunicate the anti-Maimunists, 3, 537.

persecuted in 1391, 4, 172.

converted by Vincent Ferrer, 4, 214.

Lerin, count of, receives the Spanish exiles, 4, 358.

Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, liberality of, 5, 296.

becomes acquainted with Mendelssohn, 5, 297.

attitude of, towards Jews, 5, 297, 336.

admiration of, for Mendelssohn, 5, 298, 302.

has Mendelssohn’s first work printed, 5, 299.

on the Lavater controversy, 5, 319.

becomes acquainted with the Reimarus family, 5, 319–20.

публикует «Фрагменты неизвестного», 5, 320–1.

подвергся нападкам из-за «Фрагментов», 5, 322–3.

пишет «Натана Мудрого», 5, 323–7.

aided by Moses Wessely, 5, 326.

loses caste through “Nathan the Wise,” 5, 326.

death of, 5, 326, 327.

accused of Spinozism, 5, 372.

influence of, on German Jews, 5, 412.

“Letter of Aristas,” translated by Azarya deï Rossi, 4, 615.

“Letter” of Gaon Sherira, on Jewish history, 3, 232–3.

“Letter of Warning, The,” by Solomon Alami, quoted, 4, 154–5.

“Letter of Zeal,” by Eibeschütz, 5, 261.

Letters, the carrying of, regulated by Gershom ben Jehuda, 3, 244–5.

“Letters of Obscurantists, The,” by Crotus Rubianus, a Reuchlinist work, 4, 461–2.

on the Jews and the Talmud, 4, 461.

effect of, 4, 462.

attributed to various authors, 4, 462.

compared with Perl’s attacks on Chassidism, 5, 612.

Levelers, the, Jewish spirit among, 5, 28. See Puritans, the.

Leven, Narcisse, founder of the Alliance Israélite Universelle, 5, 701.

Levi, the tribe of, learns from the Egyptians how to write, 1, 8.

free from Egyptian idolatrous practices, 1, 12.

faithful to Moses, 1, 18.

См. Левиты; Священники.

Levi (Matthew), publican, follower of Jesus, 2, 153.

Levi bar Sissi, teacher of the Law in Simonias, 2, 454.

adds supplements to the Mishna, 2, 470.

son of, 2, 497.

on the neo-Persians, 2, 525.

Levi ben Abraham ben Chayim, of Villefranche (1240–1315), allegorist, system of, 4, 24–5.

at Perpignan, 4, 25.

opposed by Abba-Mari, 4, 28.

forced to leave Samuel Sulami’s house, 4, 29.

ancestor of Gersonides, 4, 91.

Levi ben Gerson (Ralbag, Gersonides, Leon de Bagnols, Leo the Hebrew, 1288–1345), philosopher, 4, 87, 91.

scientific education of, 4, 91.

as astronomer, 4, 91–2.

life of, 4, 92.

religious philosophy of, 4, 92–3.

fearlessness of, 4, 92.

denounced as a heretic, 4, 93.

astronomical treatise of, translated into Latin, 4, 93, 103.

predicts the beginning of the Messianic period, 4, 120.

authority of, questioned by Chasdaï Crescas, 4, 146.

Isaac ben Sheshet’s view of, 4, 147.

accused of heresy by Shem Tob ben Joseph, 4, 197.

adversely criticised by Isaac Abrabanel, 4, 342.

exegesis of, praised by Reuchlin, 4, 442.

commentary of, published in the Bomberg Bible, 4, 476.

Levi ben Jacob Chabib, rabbi of Jerusalem, Talmudist, forced baptism of, 4, 378, 532–3.

attainments of, 4, 533.

relation of, to Jacob Berab, 4, 533–4.

ordained by Jacob Berab, 4, 534.

antagonizes Jacob Berab, 4, 534, 535, 536.

confesses his forced baptism, 4, 536.

Levi ben Shem Tob, apostate, advises the baptism of Jewish children, 4, 375.

Levi ben Todros Abulafia, Kabbalist, 4, 2.

Леви, Аарон. См. Монтезинос, Антонио де.

Леви, Авраам. См. Авраам Леви.

Леви, Аструк. См. Аструк Леви.

Levi, David (Ture Zahab), Talmudist, 5, 152.

Levi, Elisha, Palestinian emissary, father of Nathan Ghazati, 5, 130.

Леви, Гедалья. См. Гедалья Леви.

Леви, Исаак Лурия. См. Исаак Лурия Леви.

Levi, Isaiah, Sabbatian, 5, 152.

Леви, Натан Вениамин. См. Натан Вениамин Леви.

Levi, Raphael, charged with the blood accusation, 5, 175–6.

guilt of, believed in by Eisenmenger, 5, 188.

Леви, Соломон. См. Соломон Леви.

Levi, Wolf, apostate, 5, 213.

Levin (Varnhagen), Rachel, characteristics of, 5, 413.

on the “hep, hep!” persecution, 5, 534.

influence of the salon of, on Heine, 5, 546.

Levirate marriage, the, regulated by the synod of Mayence, 3, 518.

Левита, Элиас. См. Элиас Левита.

Levite, a, author of the books of Chronicles, 1, 411.

Levites, the, punish the idolatrous Israelites in the desert, 1, 24.

left without territory, 1, 40.

reside at Shiloh, 1, 41, 69.

opposed to intermarriages with the heathen, 1, 56.

dispersed among the tribes, 1, 57.

reprove the people for idolatry, 1, 58.

scattered from Shiloh, 1, 72.

join Samuel in a guild, 1, 76.

assist Samuel, 1, 78.

faithful to David in the civil war with Absalom, 1, 141.

service of, in the Temple, 1, 167–8.

settle in Judah to escape idol worship, 1, 187.

recalled to the Temple under Josiah, 1, 289.

carry the Psalms into the Babylonian exile, 1, 334.

return from the Captivity under Zerubbabel, 1, 352.

leave Jerusalem, 1, 372.

lack of, in Jerusalem under Nehemiah, 1, 377.

explain the Law as read by Ezra, 1, 378–9.

at the consecration of the walls of Jerusalem, 1, 381–2.

tithes for, collected under Ezra, 1, 382.

lose their income, 1, 383.

return to the Temple, 1, 386.

abandon the Temple under Apollonius, 1, 454.

re-instated by the Maccabees, 1, 473.

officiate in the Temple of Onias, 1, 508.

См. также Леви, колено; Священники.

Levy, Maurice, acquaints Napoleon with the anti-Jewish agitation, 5, 498.

Lewin, Hirschel, rabbi of Berlin, and Mendelssohn, 5, 317.

Lexicon, Hebrew (Aruch, Dictionary, Iggaron, Machbereth), by Saadiah, 3, 190.

by Menachem ben Saruk, 3, 225, 226.

by Ibn-Janach, 3, 263.

by Solomon ben Abraham Parchon, 3, 423.

Lexicon, Talmudical, by Mar-Zemach I ben Paltoi, 3, 179.

by Nachshon ben Zadok, 3, 179.

by Nathan ben Yechiel, 3, 290.

by David de Pomis, 4, 657.

См. также Арух.

Lexicons, Talmudical, revised, 5, 115.

Libanius, teacher of Julian the Apostate, 2, 595.

Libermann, Eleazar, aids the Reform movement, 5, 568, 569, 571.

Libertini, the, synagogues of, 2, 103, 201.

Libertinus, prefect of Sicily, razes a synagogue to the ground, 3, 34.

“Library of the Fine Arts, The,” Mendelssohn contributes to, 5, 300.

Liebmann, Jost, court jeweler, favorite of Frederick I of Prussia, 5, 190.

wife of, 5, 190, 219.

permitted to have a private synagogue, 5, 191.

son-in-law of, 5, 219.

Liegnitz, the Jews of, charged with host desecration, 4, 261.

“Light of the Exile, The,” Gershom ben Jehuda, 3, 243.

“Light of the Eyes,” by Azarya deï Rossi, 4, 615.

declared heretical, 4, 616.

fate of, among Jews and Christians, 4, 616–17.

Lima, David de, builds the third synagogue at Hamburg, 4, 691.

Limpo, Balthasar, bishop, abuses Paul III before the Council of Trent, 4, 525–6.

Lincoln, the Jews of, protected against the crusaders, 3, 413.

Lindau, the Jews of, charged with well poisoning, 4, 105.

burnt on the blood accusation, 4, 227.

Lipmann (Tab-Yomi) of Mühlhausen, defends the Alenu prayer, 4, 178.

Lipmann, Solomon, temporary chairman of the Assembly of Jewish Notables, 5, 487.

Lippe, Jews tolerated in, 4, 686.

Lippe-Schaumburg, the Prince of, honors Mendelssohn, 5, 308.

Lippold, physician, accused of poisoning Elector Joachim II, 4, 652.

Lisbon, the Jews of, agitation against, 4, 160.

ransom Jewish captives, 4, 339.

port open to the Jews on their banishment from Portugal, 4, 374, 376–7.

exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, 4, 402.

earthquake at, 4, 505.

tribunal of the Inquisition in, 5, 508.

autos-da-fé in, 5, 32, 91.

Lisbon, the Marranos of, worship at a synagogue, 4, 485.

massacre of, 4, 487.

life of, inquired into, 4, 489.

spied upon by Henrique Nunes, 4, 490.

Lisbona, Samuel, father-in-law of Nathan Ghazati, 5, 130.

Lissa, Jacob, leader of the orthodox party, 5, 567.

Lissa, Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation forbidden in, 5, 332.

the Jews of, burn Wessely’s letter, 5, 370.

the rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, 5, 571.

Literature, Jewish, in Hasmonæan times, 2, 15–16.

becomes known to the heathen, 2, 502.

Reuchlin on, 4, 441–3.

attractive to Christians, 5, 178, 179.

См. в разделе Еврейская литература; Иудео-греческая литература; Раввинистическая литература; Поэзия.

Literature, Jewish mediæval, treated by Sachs, 5, 693–4.

by Zunz, 5, 694.

Lithuania, a refuge for exiled Jews, 4, 418–19.

rabbinical schools established in, 4, 420.

united with Poland, 4, 631.

the Protestant Reformation in, 4, 646–7.

Karaites in, 5, 182–3.

the Chassidim in, 5, 388.

Lithuania, the Jews of, the blood accusation launched against, 4, 642.

represented in the Synod of the Four Countries, 4, 644.

suffer from the Cossacks, 5, 14.

“Little Book about the Jews, The,” disproves the blood accusation, 4, 545–6.

Liturgical poetry, introduced, 3, 113–14, 117–18.

cultivated by the Jewish Andalusian school, 3, 224.

by minor poets, 3, 236, 259–60, 367, 376, 419.

by Simon ben Abun, 3, 245.

by Moses Ibn-Ezra, 3, 320.

См. в разделе Неоеврейская поэзия; Пиюты; Пайтаны; Поэзия; Поэты.

Liturgy, the, arranged by the Sopherim, 1, 398–400.

Gamaliel II introduces the Berachoth into, 2, 363.

amplification of, by poetanic compositions, 3, 113–14, 117–18.

of the Karaites, 3, 132; 4, 71, 73–4.

of the European Jews, compiled by Mar Amram ben Sheshna, 3, 178.

arranged by Saadiah, 3, 196.

Sephardic, adopted in northern Africa, 4, 198.

German, compiled by Maharil, 4, 225.

affected by the Kabbala, 4, 481.

of the Chassidim, 5, 386–7.

Liturgy, the changes in, made by Maimonides, 3, 466.

made by Abi Zimra, 4, 395.

in Amsterdam, 5, 457.

made by Jacobson, 5, 562.

made by Kley, 5, 564.

approved by some authorities, 5, 569.

in Vienna, 5, 580, 581–2.

made by the Hamburg Temple Reform Union, 5, 673.

in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 5, 679.

Livia, empress, heiress of Salome, sister of Herod, 2, 128.

Ливия. См. Бет-Рамата.

Ливорно. См. Ливорно.

Лоанс. См. Яков бен Иехиэль; Иосиф бен Гершом.

Lobato, Diego Gomez, and Paul de Pina, 4, 669–70.

Löbele Prossnitz, Sabbatian, supporter of Chayon, 5, 219.

denounced, 5, 229.

in intercourse with Eibeschütz, 5, 248, 249.

Lodi, the Jews of, number of, in the sixteenth century, 4, 653.

expelled, 4, 660.

Lodomeria, the Jews of, proscribed by the Council of Buda, 3, 614.

Logos, the, in Philo’s philosophy, 2, 213.

in the Church, 2, 500, 501.

Logrono, the Jews of, persecuted, 4, 170.

Lombards, the, usury practiced by, 3, 510.

Lombardy, German Jewish immigrants held up in, 3, 638.

London, Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, 3, 373–4.

Jews secretly domiciled in, 5, 38.

excitement in, about the admission of Jews, 5, 44.

Jewish burial ground in, 5, 49.

first synagogue in, 5, 50.

the Sabbatian movement in, 5, 141.

the Mansion House meeting in, 5, 655–7.

celebration of Montefiore’s return to, 5, 670.

rabbinical college at, 5, 700.

London, the Jews of, prosperous under Henry II, 3, 409.

attacked by a mob at Richard I’s coronation, 3, 410–11.

protected by John, 3, 505.

attacked, 3, 591–2, 643.

protected by Henry III, 3, 592.

hold a meeting on the Damascus affair, 5, 653–4.

London, the Portuguese Jews of, wealthy, 5, 205.

hold aloof from the Eibeschütz controversy, 5, 264.

Longinus, rhetorician, at the court of Zenobia, 2, 529.

Longobard code, the, no mention of Jews in, 3, 33.

Lope de Vega, dramatist, 5, 112.

Lopes de Almeida, Portuguese ambassador to Rome, 4, 340.

Lopes-Dubec, member of Malesherbes’ commission, 5, 432.

deputy of the French Jews, 5, 438.

Lopez, Portuguese Marrano, protected by Sixtus V, 4, 655.

Lopez, Balthasar, Marrano, burnt at the stake, 5, 91–2.

Lopez, Juan, del Barco, inquisitor appointed by Sixtus IV, 4, 312.

Lopez, Pedro, de Ayala, poet, on the Jews of Castile, 4, 121, 122.

Lorch, the Jews of, the murderers of, punished, 3, 635.

Lord Mayor, office of, held by Jews, 5, 698.

Тайная вечеря. См. Пресуществление.

Лорки. См. Иешуа бен Иосиф Ибн-Вивес.

Lorraine, rabbis from, at the first rabbinical synod, 3, 377.

Lorraine, the Jews of, petition for alleviation, 5, 431.

representatives of, in Malesherbes’ commission, 5, 431.

number of, 5, 435.

complain to the National Assembly, 5, 436.

send a delegate to the National Assembly, 5, 438.

emancipation of, opposed by the Duc de Broglie, 5, 447.

“Los Rumbos peligrosos,” novels by Joseph Penso, 5, 113.

Потерянные острова. См. Сан-Томас.

Louis the Pious (814–840), emperor, the Jews under, 3, 161–70.

wife of, 3, 162.

refuses to countenance Agobard’s anti-Jewish proceedings, 3, 165–6.

sons of, excited against his wife, 3, 166, 168.

heresy of, in protecting the Jews, 3, 167.

letter addressed to, by the bishops assembled at Lyons, 3, 167–8.

and the conversion of Bishop Bodo, 3, 168–70.

originates the theory that the Jews are the emperor’s wards, 3, 170.

Louis II (855), emperor, decrees the banishment of the Italian Jews, 3, 174.

Louis the German, king of Germany, Bible commentary dedicated to, 3, 163.

Louis IV, the Bavarian, emperor, imposes a tax on the Jews, 4, 96–7.

tries to protect the Jews during the Armleder persecutions, 4, 98.

sons of, deliver the Jews to the mob, 4, 110.

Louis VI, of France, the Jews prosperous under, 3, 343.

Louis VII, of France, the Jews prosperous under, 3, 343.

joins the second crusade, 3, 349.

roused against the Jews by Peter the Venerable, 3, 349–50.

permits the repudiation of debts owing to Jews, 3, 351.

friendly to Jews, 3, 400–1.

resists the anti-Jewish decrees of the third Lateran Council, 3, 508.

Louis IX, of France, has the Talmud burnt, 4, 460, 578–9.

hostile to the Jews, 3, 519.

encourages the conversion of Jews, 3, 570.

fixes the rate of interest, 3, 571.

orders a disputation on the Talmud, 3, 576.

brother of, 3, 583.

confiscates the property of Jews to organize a crusade, 3, 585.

taken prisoner, 3, 585.

banishes the Jews from his hereditary dominions, 3, 585–6.

insists upon the Jew badge, 3, 612.

Louis X, of France, recalls the Jews, 4, 53–4.

Louis XII, of France, influenced against Reuchlin, 4, 459, 464.

confessor of, patron of Hebrew literature, 4, 473.

Louis XIV, of France, celebrated by Enriquez de Paz, 5, 110.

renews the privileges of the Jews of Metz, 5, 174.

orders criminal charges against the Jews to be tried by the royal council, 5, 176.

presents the Jews of Metz to the house of Brancas, 5, 348, 446.

Louis XV, of France, confirms the right of the Portuguese to expel German Jews from Bordeaux, 5, 342, 343.

Louis XVI, of France, implored to expel the Jews from Alsace, 5, 350.

orders lawsuits against usurers to be decided by the state councilor, 5, 350–1.

abolishes the poll-tax on Jews, 5, 415, 432.

government of, helped by Cerf Berr, 5, 430.

grants privileges to Cerf Berr, 5, 431.

disposed to ameliorate the condition of the Jews, 5, 431.

approves of the emancipation of the Portuguese Jews, 5, 442.

grants special protection to Alsatian Jews, 5, 446.

removes taxes from the Jews of Alsace, 5, 446.

ratifies the Constitution, 5, 447.

confirms the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 448.

Louis XVIII, of France, reactionary court of, 5, 512.

government of, does not renew the anti-Jewish restrictions, 5, 524–5.

the emancipation of the Jews under, 5, 596.

Louis I, of Hungary and Poland, banishes the Jews, 4, 111.

Louis, duke of Anjou, regent of France, confirms the privileges of the French Jews, 4, 50.

protects the Jews of Paris, 4, 151, 152.

Louis the Rich, duke of Bavaria, plunders and expels the Jews, 4, 253–4.

under the influence of John of Capistrano, 4, 258.

Louis, duke of Bavaria-Landshut, claims the Jews of Ratisbon, 4, 300.

attempts to convert the Jews, 4, 301.

Louis of Brandenburg, orders the Jews of Königsberg to be burnt, 4, 110–11.

Louis, count of Darmstadt, protects the Jewish exiles from Worms, 4, 699.

Louis Philippe, of France, the emancipation of the Jews under, 5, 596–7.

ratifies the law making rabbis state officers, 5, 597.

supports Mehmet Ali, 5, 633, 634.

appealed to on the Damascus affair, 5, 645.

struggle of, with Thiers, 5, 648.

deceives the hopes of the French Jews, 5, 651, 658.

ambiguous attitude of, 5, 668.

receives Montefiore, 5, 668.

Louise, of Prussia, death of, mourned by the Berlin Jews, 5, 508.

Louvain, the university of, sanctions the burning of the “Augenspiegel,” 4, 452.

Löwe, Joel, editor of the Meassef, 5, 400.

mediocrity of, 5, 417.

Löwisohn, Solomon (1789–1822), Jewish historian, 5, 594.

Löwy, Albert, founder of the “Anglo-Jewish Association,” 5, 703.

Loyola, Ignatius, power of, over Paul III, 4, 525.

efforts of, to re-establish the supremacy of the papacy, 4, 562.

Lübeck, objects to Jewish inhabitants, 5, 506.

Jews admitted into, 5, 506.

Lübeck, the Jews of, threatened with banishment, 5, 512.

banished, 5, 520.

Lubienski, Wratislaw, archbishop of Lemberg, Frankist petition to, 5, 284–5.

Lublin, meeting place of the Polish Talmudists, 4, 640.

meeting place of the Synod of the Four countries, 4, 644, 645; 5, 3.

the German population of, 5, 3.

synod of, relaxes the Jewish marriage laws, 5, 13.

Lucca, home of the Kalonymos family, 3, 143.

Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, 3, 371–3.

the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 424.

Lucena (city), the Talmud school of, famous, 3, 236.

refuge of the Jews of Granada, 3, 279.

a Jew of, threatens to betray his coreligionists, 3, 317.

Jehuda Halevi studies at, 3, 322, 323.

the school of, closed by the Almohades, 3, 361, 384.

Jews disappear from, 4, 354.

Lucena, the Jews of, correspond in Arabic with the Gaon of Sora, 3, 178.

famous through Alfassi, 3, 311.

Islam forced on, 3, 311–12.

pretend to accept Islam, 3, 361.

Lucena (district), early settlement of Jews in, 3, 43.

Lucero, Diego Rodriguez, hangman in Cordova, cruelty of, 4, 484.

disciple of, 4, 489.

Lucilla, daughter of Marcus Aurelius, cured by Simon ben Yochaï, 2, 449.

Lucuas (Andreias), leader of the Jews of Cyrene against Trajan, 2, 395.

Lucullus, Roman commander, attacks Tigranes, of Armenia, 2, 56.

Luna, Alvaro de, favorite of Juan II of Castile, invites the aid of Jews, 4, 228.

protects the Jews, 4, 251–2.

complains of the backsliding of the Marranos, 4, 256.

confessor of, 4, 277.

Луна, Педро де. См. Бенедикт XIII.

Lünel, Serachya Halevi Gerundi at, 3, 389.

letter to the wise men of, by Meïr Abulafia, 3, 524.

synagogue of, sold, 4, 48.

Lünel, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 396–8.

learning of, 3, 396.

scientific tendency of, 3, 397.

letter to, from Maimonides, 3, 489.

ask Maimonides to translate his “Guide of the Perplexed” into Hebrew, 3, 491–2.

exhorted by Maimonides to study the Talmud scientifically, 3, 492.

excommunicate Solomon of Montpellier, 3, 530.

oppose the study of science, 4, 33.

accused of outraging the image of Jesus, 4, 55.

Luneville, deputies from, to the National Assembly, and Isaac Berr, 5, 438.

the peace of, 5, 464, 465.

Lupus, governor of Alexandria, executes fugitive Zealots, 2, 318.

Lupus, Trajan’s general in Egypt, 2, 395.

Лурия. См. Исаак Лурия Леви; Соломон.

Лузитано. См. Авраам Закуто Лузитано.

Лузитанус, Аматус. См. Аматус Лузитанус.

Luther, Martin, character of, 4, 467.

in the pantomime on the Protestant Reformation, 4, 468.

at the diet of Worms, 4, 469.

on the Wartburg, 4, 469.

translates the Bible, 4, 469.

on the Jews, 4, 470–1, 547–52.

learns Hebrew, 4, 473, 475.

encourages the study of the Bible, 4, 474.

pamphlet by, 4, 548.

proves the Messiahship of Jesus, 4, 548.

reviews the suffering of the Jews, 4, 549.

attacks the Talmud, 4, 549–50.

treatment of Jews proposed by, 4, 550–1.