«История евреев. Том 6»

rebellion in, fomented by Josephus, 2, 283.

seat of Agrippa II’s Jewish governors of Galilee, 2, 333.

declared clean by Simon ben Jochai, 2, 448–9.

the seat of the Patriarch, 2, 480.

the new-moon announced in, 2, 480.

meeting place of disciples, 2, 493–4.

sinks into insignificance, 2, 560.

the first church at, built by Joseph, the apostate, 2, 565.

partially destroyed, 2, 570.

the birthplace of the Jerusalem Talmud, 2, 612.

the text of the Bible studied at, 2, 623.

seat of authority for the Jews in the sixth century, 3, 12.

seat of a bishopric, 3, 12.

Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, 3, 369.

burial place of Maimonides, 3, 493.

rebuilt by Joseph Nassi, 4, 610–11.

grave of Luzzatto at, 5, 244.

Tiberias, the Jews of, flee to escape taxation, 2, 463.

join Sharbarza, 3, 19.

join an expedition against the Christians of Tyre, 3, 20.

driven out by Omar, 3, 87.

in the twelfth century, 3, 427.

Tiberias, the school of, 2, 148.

loses prestige, 2, 532, 537.

end of, under Constantius, 2, 567.

gives religious instruction to the Arabian Jews, 3, 59.

Tiberias, lake, description of, 1, 42.

district about, subjugated by Ben-hadad I, 1, 191.

tract near, given to Joseph Nassi, 4, 596, 610.

Tiberinus, Matthias, physician, testifies to Simon of Trent’s violent death, 4, 298.

Tiberius, emperor, lightens the taxes of Judæa, 2, 135.

antipathy of, towards Judæans, 2, 135–6.

instrumental in banishing Judæans from Rome, 2, 136–7.

friendly to Judæans, 2, 172–3.

helps Herod Antipas against the Nabathæans, 2, 173.

death of, 2, 174.

kindness of, to Agrippa I, 2, 176.

imprisons Agrippa I, 2, 176.

Tiberius, emperor of the East, the Jews under, 3, 18.

Tiberius Julius Alexander, son of the Alabarch Alexander Lysimachus, renegade from Judaism, 2, 184, 235.

procurator of Judæa, 2, 198.

unpopularity of, 2, 198–9.

governor of Egypt, 2, 199.

orders a massacre of Judæans, 2, 263–4.

won over to Vespasian’s side, 2, 300.

aids Titus in the siege of Jerusalem, 2, 302.

Tibni, king of Israel, chosen by the opponents of Omri, 1, 192.

Ticini, Bernardinus of Feltre preaches against the Jews in, 4, 296.

Tiflis, a Karaite center, 3, 158.

Tiflisites, a Karaite sect, 3, 158.

Tiglath-Pileser, king of Assyria, designs of, on Palestine, 1, 258–9.

captures Damascus, 1, 259.

invades the kingdom of Israel, 1, 259–60.

Tigranes, king of Armenia, threatens to invade Judæa, 2, 55–6.

attacked by Lucullus, 2, 56.

Tigranes, son of Alexander and Glaphyra, king of Armenia, 2, 128.

Tigris, the district of, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 428–33.

Tikkunim, Sabbatian prayer books, 5, 139.

Tilly, general, plunders the Jews, 4, 701.

Timnath-Serah, seat of Joshua 1, 41.

Timotheus, Ammonite leader, defeated by Judas Maccabæus, 1, 474.

attacks the trans-Jordanic provinces, 1, 475, 476.

Tiphsah (Tapuach), refuses to admit Menahem, the murderer of Shallum, 1, 244.

Tirado, Jacob, leader of the Portuguese Marranos emigrating to the Netherlands, 4, 664, 665.

saves the Marranos of Amsterdam, 4, 666.

builds the first synagogue in Amsterdam, 4, 667.

Tirhakah, king of Egypt, at war with Sennacherib, 1, 276.

Tirzah, capital of the kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam, 1, 189.

under Baasha, 1, 190.

revolution in, 1, 191.

abandoned as the capital of Israel, 1, 192–3.

Tithes, collected under Ezra and Nehemiah, 1, 382.

the laws of, moderated by Judah I, 2, 458–9.

Tithes, exacted from Jews, by Innocent III, 3, 499.

by the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 510.

by the Council of Oxford, 3, 516.

Titus, brings Vespasian two legions from Alexandria, 2, 285.

captivated by Berenice, 2, 285.

kindly disposed to Josephus, 2, 288.

takes Gischala, 2, 290.

goes to Rome to do homage to Galba, 2, 299.

urges his father to proclaim himself emperor, 2, 299.

wins Licinius Mucianus to his father’s side, 2, 300.

in Egypt, 2, 300.

prepares to besiege Jerusalem, 2, 301–2.

three Judæan traitors help, 2, 302.

summons Jerusalem to surrender, 2, 302.

begins the siege, 2, 303.

cruelty of, to Judæan prisoners, 2, 304.

again summons the besieged to surrender, 2, 305.

hesitates to destroy the Temple, 2, 307.

enters the Holy of Holies, 2, 308.

saluted as emperor, 2, 308.

besieges the upper city, 2, 309.

treatment of Judæans by, 2, 312–13.

celebrates his triumph over Judæa, 2, 313–15.

arch of, 2, 314.

rewards Josephus, 2, 317.

protects Josephus from calumny, 2, 318.

permits the establishment of a school at Jamnia, 2, 324.

kindly treatment of the Jews by, after the fall of Jerusalem, 2, 331.

and Berenice, 2, 332–3.

abandons Berenice and Agrippa II, 2, 388.

said to have settled Jews in Spain, 3, 43.

Тит Аврелий Антонин Пий. См. Антонин Пий.

Tlemçen, a refuge for persecuted Spanish Jews, 4, 197.

the Spanish exiles in, 4, 390.

“To my Co-religionists in Hamburg,” by Lazarus Riesser, 5, 570–1.

“To the Confusion of the Jews,” polemic work by Samuel Ibn-Abbas, 3, 442.

“To the Friends of Lessing,” by Jacobi, 5, 372.

Tobba, name of the Himyarite kings, 3, 62.

Tobiades, the, partisans of Antiochus the Great, 1, 432.

opposed to Onias III, 1, 437.

banished by Onias III, 1, 438.

Tobiah, Ammonite leader, marries a Judæan, 1, 362.

son of, marries a Judæan, 1, 362.

hostility of, to the Judæans, 1, 369–70.

vexed at Nehemiah’s appointment, 1, 374.

disturbs Nehemiah’s work, 1, 375.

intrigues against Nehemiah, 1, 376.

a Temple court assigned to, 1, 383.

expelled from the Temple, 1, 385.

Tobiah, son-in-law of Simon the Just, son of, 1, 423–5.

Tobias, Jewish physician in Trent, on friendly terms with Christians, 4, 297.

Tobiene, the Judæans in, slaughtered, 1, 475.

Tobit, the Book of, composed under Hadrian, 2, 430.

admitted into the canon by the Christians, 2, 488.

Toble Shacharith, 2, 26. See Essenes, the.

Toda, queen of Navarre, concludes a treaty with Abdul-Rahman III, 3, 216.

Todros of Beaucaire, ally of Abba-Mari, 4, 31.

Todros ben Joseph Halevi Abulafia (1234–1304), Kabbalist, 4, 1, 2–3.

prominent at the court of Sancho IV, 4, 2, 52.

opponent of philosophy, 4, 2.

Kabbalistic work dedicated to, 4, 3.

Tôi, king of Hamath, congratulates David on his Ammonite victory, 1, 127.

Tokat, the Spanish exiles in, 4, 405.

the Jews of, accused of murder, 4, 553.

Toland, John, favors the emancipation of the Jews in England, 5, 197–8.

“Toldoth Jesho,” a Hebrew parody of the gospels, 5, 185–6.

Toledano, Daniel, adviser of Muley Ismail, 5, 168.

Toledo, early settlement of Jews in the environs of, 3, 43.

played into the hands of Tarik by the Jews, 3, 109.

Cordova Jews emigrate to, 3, 255.

the Mahometan court of, cultured, 3, 291.

taken by Alfonso VI of Castile, 3, 294.

made Alfonso VI’s capital, 3, 295.

Jehuda Halevi in, 3, 324.

college at, presided over by Jehuda Halevi, 3, 338.

Jews of Lucena emigrate to, 3, 361.

center of Jewish science in the twelfth century, 3, 361, 362.

scene of a civil war, 3, 363.

synagogue in, erected by Joseph Ibn-Shoshan, 3, 384.

study of the Talmud at, 3, 386.

the center of the supposed well poisoners, 4, 101.

synagogue built in, by Samuel Abulafia, 4, 119–20.

lost by Pedro, 4, 124.

cortes of, disapprove of the Inquisition, 4, 313.

tribunals of the Inquisition in, 4, 325.

cortes of, enforce Jew quarters, 4, 335.

rabbis of, ordered to inform against Judaizing Marranos, 4, 335.

refuge of the Abrabanels, 4, 341.

synagogue of, turned into a church, 4, 354.

exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, 4, 402.

Toledo, the Council of (589), passes anti-Jewish decrees, 3, 46.

(633), decrees of, against back-sliding converts, 3, 49–50, 51.

(the eighth) confirms the anti-Jewish laws of the fourth Council, 3, 102.

cited by the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 511.

Toledo, the Jews of, give a written assurance of their acceptance of Christianity, 3, 103–4.

well treated by Alfonso VI, 3, 295.

prosperity and culture of, in the twelfth century, 3, 384.

assist Alfonso VIII against the Almohades, 3, 386–7.

attacked by foreign crusaders, 3, 507.

try to prevent the enforcement of Jew badges, 3, 513.

in the Maimunist controversy, 3, 537–8, 540–1.

under Sancho, 3, 617.

supposed to be opposed to the study of science, 4, 38.

ravages of the Black Death among, 4, 113.

suffer during the civil war between Pedro and Henry II, 4, 118–19, 124, 126, 136–7.

efforts to reorganize, 4, 140.

decadence of, 4, 140, 142.

persecuted in 1391, 4, 169–70.

Толетум. См. Толедо.

Tomaso, Father, in Damascus, disappearance of, 5, 634–5.

Jews suspected to be the murderers of, 5, 635.

reward for the murderer of, 5, 652.

inscription on the tomb of, 5, 668.

Tongern, Arnold of, Dominican professor of theology, 4, 424.

tool of Hoogstraten, 4, 450.

satirized in the “Letters of Obscurantists,” 4, 461.

Тора. См. Закон; Пятикнижие.

Toro, fortress of, Pedro decoyed into, 4, 118.

the cortes of, petition that restrictions be laid on the Jews, 4, 138–9.

the Jews of, accept baptism, 4, 205.

Toron de los Caballeros, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 427.

Torquemada, Thomas de, confessor of Isabella of Castile, 4, 310.

refutes the work of a Marrano, 4, 312.

appointed inquisitor, 4, 319.

appointed inquisitor-general of Spain, 4, 324.

appoints Inquisition tribunals in different parts of Spain, 4, 324.

appoints inquisitors for Aragon, 4, 326.

publishes the “Constitutions” for inquisitors, 4, 326–7.

has two Marrano bishops burned, 4, 333.

bids the rabbis of Toledo inform against Judaizing Marranos, 4, 335–6.

condemns Jews to the stake on the blood accusation, 4, 343.

urges the expulsion of the Jews, 4, 346, 348.

forbids intercourse between Christians and the exiled Jews, 4, 350.

tries to convert the Jews, 4, 350.

complains of the Marranos, 4, 355.

victims delivered to the Inquisition by, 4, 356.

in fear of assassination, 4, 356.

Torre de Montcorvo, Jewish center in Portugal, 4, 159.

Tortosa, traces of early Jewish settlements near, 3, 42–3.

birthplace of Menachem ben Saruk, 3, 225.

the Jews of, converted, 4, 206.

Tortosa, the religious disputation at, 4, 207–15.

Jewish delegates to, not firm, 4, 208, 210.

Jewish delegates to, unfairly treated, 4, 212.

Vincent Ferrer’s converts brought to, 4, 215.

Tossafists, the, disciples of Rashi, 3, 344, 345.

acumen of, 3, 344–5.

divide the study of the Talmud into two branches, 3, 345.

as Bible exegetes, 3, 345.

in Champagne, 3, 403–4.

in England, 3, 409.

in Germany, 3, 419.

leniency of, 3, 470.

methods of, transplanted to the East, 3, 506.

of northern France, anti-Maimunists, 3, 529.

activity of, during Louis IX’s persecutions, 3, 586–7.

compilers in the thirteenth century, 3, 587.

См. в списке Талмудистов.

Tossafoth, supplements to Rashi’s commentary on the Talmud, 3, 344.

on the Pentateuch, 3, 345.

“the Old,” collected by Isaac ben Samuel, 3, 404.

“Sens,” compiled by Samson ben Abraham, 3, 408.

new collection of, by Samuel ben Solomon Sir Morel, 3, 586.

Tossafoth Yom-Tob, commentary on the Mishna, by Lipmann Heller, 4, 704.

Ту. См. Той.

“Touchstone, The,” satire by Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, 4, 63.

Toulouse, Jews remain in, after the banishment by Charles VI, 4, 176.

the Talmud burnt at, 4, 55.

Toulouse, the Jews of, attacked at Easter, 3, 174.

persecuted by Alice of Montmorency, 3, 514.

protected by Simon de Montfort, 3, 514.

not forced to wear the Jew badge, 3, 514.

converted under Philip IV, 4, 48.

during the Pastoureaux massacre, 4, 56.

Touraine, the Jews of, under Henry II, 3, 409.

Tours, the Council of, re-enacts the anti-Jewish decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 520.

Elias Montalto dies at, 4, 673.

Tovey, on the treatment of Jews under Edward I, 3, 642.

“Tower of Strength, The,” Sabbataï Zevi’s prison at Abydos, 5, 148.

Trachonites, the, conquered and converted by Aristobulus I, 2, 37.

Trachonitis, given to Philip, son of Cleopatra, by Herod’s will, 2, 119.

under Philip, 2, 137.

given to Agrippa II as a royal province, 2, 245.

cavalry from, assists the Peace party, 2, 259, 260.

Торговля. См. Коммерция.

Trades, among the Jews of the Frankish and Burgundian kingdoms, 3, 35.

pursued by the German and French Jews in the eleventh century, 3, 281.

pursued by the Jews of Poland, 4, 419.

forbidden to the Jews of Alsace, 5, 348.

opened to the Jews of Austria, 5, 357.

См. также Ремесленники; Ремесла.

Tradition, rejected by the Sadducees, 2, 22.

among the Karaites, 3, 159.

См. также Галаха; Закон устный; Мишна; Талмуд; Раввинский иудаизм; Талмудический иудаизм.

Trajan, emperor, hostility of, to the Jews, 2, 350.

conquest of Parthia by, 2, 393.

opposed by the Jews, 2, 393–7.

conquers Adiabene, 2, 393–4.

fails to make Parthia a Roman province, 2, 399.

death of, 2, 399.

Trani, the Jews of, ransom Sabbataï Donnolo, 3, 213.

in the twelfth century, 3, 424.

Translation of the Pentateuch, into Chaldaic, 2, 581–2.

into Syriac, 2, 582.

into Persian, 4, 401.

by Mendelssohn, 5, 328–35.

Translation of the Scriptures, into Arabic by Saadiah, 3, 189–90.

into German by Luther, 4, 469, 475.

into the European languages, 4, 475.

into Spanish by Abraham Usque, 4, 475.

during the Reformation, 4, 540.

into Polish by Simon Budny, 4, 647.

by Sachs, 5, 693.

См. также Акила; Септуагинта; Вульгата.

Translations of the Scriptures, various, 2, 489, 581–2.

ordered to be read in Jewish congregations, 3, 14–15.

not authoritative, 4, 237.

Transmigration of souls (Metempsychosis), the, the doctrine of, adopted by Isaac the Blind, 3, 547–8.

in the Kabbala, 3, 554.

as explained by Isaac Lurya, 4, 620.

Leo Modena on, 5, 67.

Transubstantiation, the dogma of, expounded by Astruc Raimuch, 4, 182.

refuted by Solomon Bonfed, 4, 182.

attacked by Chasdaï Crescas, 4, 188.

Путешественники, еврейские, список:

Авраам де Бейя,

Вениамин бен Иона из Туделы,

Иосиф Запатейро де Ламего,

Петахия из Регенсбурга.

“Treatise on the Immortality of the Soul, A,” by Samuel da Silva, 5, 59.

“Treatise on the Position of the Hebrews, A,” by Simone Luzzatto, 5, 81–4.

“Treatises of the Righteous Brethren,” adapted by Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, 4, 62.

“Tree of Life, The,” by Aaron (II) ben Elia Nicomedi, 4, 95.

Trent, the Council of, to deal with the Protestants, 4, 525.

Paul III abused at, 4, 525–6.

the Marranos’ right of emigration defended at, 4, 526.

deals with the Talmud, 4, 589.

Trent, the Jews of, Bernardinus of Feltre preaches against, 4, 297.

charged with the blood accusation, 4, 297–9.

burnt, 4, 298.

Treves, Israel, disciple of Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 5, 237.

Treves, pilgrimage to the holy coat of, 5, 682.

Treves, the Jews of, kill their children in the first crusade, 3, 300.

baptized, 3, 300.

Tria, the Spanish exiles in, 4, 405.

“Trial of the World, The,” by Yedaya Bedaresi, 4, 49.

Triana, castle in, the first house occupied by the Inquisition, 4, 314.

Tribal government, under David, 1, 122.

Trier, Solomon, invites opinions on the obligation of circumcision, 5, 677.

Trieste, the rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, 5, 571.

honor shown to Crémieux at, 5, 668.

Trieste, the Jews of, address Mendelssohn in behalf of their normal school, 5, 369.

letter addressed to, by Wessely, 5, 370–1.

Trietsch, the rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, 5, 571.

Trigland, Jacob, inquires into Karaism, 5, 183–4.

Trimberg, castle in which Süsskind sang his poems, 3, 420.

Trinity, the, the doctrine of, introduced into Christianity, 2, 500–1.

derived from the Old Testament, 2, 501.

attacked by Simlaï, 2, 501–2.

supposed protests against, in Jewish literature, 3, 15.

discussed by the French Jews in the twelfth century, 3, 343.

refuted by Nachmani, 3, 601.

in the Zohar, 4, 23.

refuted by Moses Cohen de Tordesillas, 4, 141.

expounded by Astruc Raimuch, 4, 182.

refuted by Solomon Bonfed, 4, 182.

attacked by Chasdaï Crescas, 4, 187.

found in the Kabbala by Pico di Mirandola, 4, 292.

inculcated by Nehemiah Chayon, 5, 216–17, 220.

in the Frankist confession of faith, 5, 280, 281, 285, 287.

belief in, threatened, 5, 682.

Tripoli, Spanish exiles in, 4, 389.

Triumvirate, the first, divides the Roman possessions, 2, 73–4.

Triumvirate, the second, formation of, 2, 81.

purpose of, 2, 143.

Trok (Troki), Karaite center, 4, 265; 5, 182.

Troyes, the birthplace of Rashi, 3, 286.

Rashi the rabbi of, 3, 287.

rabbinical synods meet at, 3, 377, 378.

college of, sold, 4, 48.

the Jews of, compelled to violate the Sabbath, 5, 451.

“True Shepherd, The,” translated by Isabel Correa, 5, 114.

Трифон. См. Диодот Трифон.

Tryphon, Judæan envoy to Claudius, 2, 197–8.

Tsiruf, Kabbalistic term, 4, 5.

Tuch, exegete, 5, 695.

Tucker, Josiah, favors the naturalization of the Jews in England, 5, 338.

Tudela, protects Marranos concerned in the murder of Arbues, 4, 357.

Tudela, the Jews of, enjoy equality with Christians and Mahometans, 3, 388.

attacked at the instigation of Pedro Olligoyen, 4, 78.

baptized, 4, 358.

Tugaï Bey, Tartar chieftain, defeats the Polish troops, 5, 11.

Tugendbund, the, founded by Berlin Jewesses, 5, 423, 425.

Tulczyn, the Jews of, betrayed by the Poles to the Cossacks, 5, 9–10.

Tunis, Louis IX dies at, 3, 612.

forced converts emigrate to, 4, 179.

Spanish exiles in, 4, 391–2.

Turbo, Martius, Trajan’s general, in Egypt, 2, 397–8.

cruelty of, 2, 398.

Туре Захав. См. Леви, Давид.

Turim (Tur), religious code compiled by Jacob ben Asheri, 4, 88.

based on Maimonides’ code, 4, 88.

treats of religious practice, 4, 88.

compared with Maimonides’ code, 4, 89.

Kabbalistic elements in, 4, 89.

reception of, 4, 89–90.

Turkey, the beginnings of, 4, 267.

hospitable to Jews, 4, 268.

the Karaites in, 4, 269–71.

tolerance of, in the fifteenth century, 4, 285.

Spanish exiles go to, 4, 358.

treatment of the Spanish exiles in, 4, 364.

the chief refuge of the Spanish exiles, 4, 383, 400.

the Spanish exiles in, 4, 400–5.

the Jewish fugitives in, dispose themselves in national groups, 4, 478.

the Kabbala in, 4, 481.

Portuguese Marranos emigrate to, 4, 485.

Solomon Molcho in, 4, 496.

Messianic enthusiasm in, 4, 497.

Marranos in, 4, 529.

refuge of the Neapolitan and Bohemian Jews, 4, 544.

refuge of the exiles from the Papal States, 4, 592.

war of, with Venice, enriches Smyrna, 5, 119.

refuge of the Ancona Marranos, 4, 570.

victorious over Ferdinand I, 4, 597.

victorious over Venice, 4, 601.

peace of, with Venice, 4, 605–6.

supported by Russia, 5, 634.

Turkey, the Jews of, happy condition of, 4, 271–3.

granted liberties, 4, 400.

occupations of, 4, 401.

linguists, 4, 402.

molested by the Greek Catholics, 4, 552–3.

trade with Pesaro instead of Ancona, 4, 578–9.

prosperity of, 4, 593.

under Selim II, 4, 602, 607.

interested in the choice of a king for Poland, 4, 604.

culture of, 4, 607–10.

mediocrity of, 4, 611–12.

religious stagnation among, 4, 627.

submit questions to the Polish Talmudists, 4, 639.

ransom Polish Jews from the Tartars, 5, 8.

free from persecution, 5, 168.

join Jacob Frank, 5, 273.

emancipated, 5, 641.

hated, 5, 641.

praised by Delaborde, 5, 649.

secured against the blood accusation, 5, 662.

urged to use Turkish, 5, 664.

Tur-Simon, stronghold fortified by Bar-Cochba, 2, 415.

fall of, 2, 416.

Тус. См. Иаков Тус.

Tuscany, the Jews of, protected against Bernardinus of Feltre, 4, 297.

Тустер. См. Сузы.

Tusti, Father, suspects the Damascus Jews of Tomaso’s murder, 5, 635.

Tyre (Zor), built by the Canaanites, 1, 3.

founded, 1, 80.

subdued by Shalmaneser, 1, 263.

surrenders to Shalmaneser, 1, 264.

besieged by Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 306, 307.

messengers from, urge Zedekiah to revolt from Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 310.

merchants from, desecrate the Sabbath in Jerusalem, 1, 387.

taken by Alexander the Great, 1, 412.

Olympian games celebrated at, 1, 446.

court held at, to try Menelaus, 1, 449.

inhabitants of, threaten the Galilean Judæans, 1, 475.

inhabitants of, meditate the massacre of the Christians, 3, 20.

Jehuda Halevi at, 3, 342.

the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 426.

Tyrol, the Jews of, persecuted, 4, 297–9.

excludes Jews, 5, 523.

У

Ubaid-Allah, founder of the Fatimide dynasty, patron of Isaac Israeli, 3, 180–1.

Ubaid-Allah Ibn-Suleiman, vizir, appoints Jews to state offices, 3, 183.

Ucles, the battle of, Mahometans victorious at, 3, 312.

Ueberlingen, the Jews of, charged with well poisoning, 4, 105.

burnt on the blood accusation, 4, 227.

Укба. См. Мар-Укба.

Укбан. См. Мар-Укбан.

Ukraine, the Cossacks enjoy independence in, 5, 2.

Jews banished from, 5, 12.

Jews permitted to live in, 5, 14.

devastated by the Cossacks, 5, 388.

Ulam, an open vestibule in the Temple, 1, 165.

Ulamma, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 427.

Ulla, friend of Judah ben Ezekiel, on the purity of the Jewish race, 2, 551.

insulted by Yalta, 2, 556.

Ulla bar Kosher, political offender against Zenobia, 2, 530.

Ulm, conference at, to transfer the claims of Jews upon Christians to Emperor Wenceslaus, 4, 166.

the Jews of, banished, 4, 416.

Ульпиан Траян. См. Траян.

Ультрамонтаны. См. Каорсины.

Unger, Christian Theophilus, supplements Basnage’s work, 5, 197.

“Union of American Hebrew Congregations, The,” the objects of, 5, 702.

Unitarians, the, a Christian sect of the Reformation period, 4, 541.

meetings of, the model of the Synod of the Four Countries, 4, 645.

influence of, in Poland, 4, 647.

United States, the, espouse the cause of the Damascus Jews, 5, 633, 657.

early Jewish immigrants in, 5, 702.

Unity of God, the, ceases to be a doctrine of Christianity, 2, 500.

defended by Simlaï, 2, 501–2.

University degrees, Jews forbidden by the Council of Basle to take, 4, 245.

«О церковной власти и иудаизме». См. «Иерусалим».

“Upon Mendelssohn and the Political Reform of the Jews,” by Mirabeau, 5, 432.

“Upon the Aim of Jesus and his disciples,” one of the “Fragments” published by Lessing, 5, 321.

“Upon the Civil Amelioration of the Condition of the Jews,” by Dohm, 5, 352–62.

emphasizes political advantages, 5, 352–3.

describes the condition of the Jews, 5, 353.

reviews the history of the Jews in Europe, 5, 354.

programme outlined in, 5, 355–6.

effect of, 5, 356–7.

discussion of, 5, 358–62.

appendix to, 5, 362.

spread in Alsace by Cerf Berr, 5, 431.

“Upon the Inutility of the Jews in the Kingdoms of Bohemia and Moravia,” called forth by Dohm’s apology, 5, 359.

Uranso, Vidal de, assassin hired against Arbues, 4, 330.

Urban V, pope, enemy of Pedro the Cruel, 4, 122, 126.

Urbib, of Alexandria, generosity of, 3, 23.

Urbino, Abraham Abulafia in, 4, 6.

refuge of Jewish exiles from the Papal States, 4, 592.

Uriah, high priest, summoned as witness against Ahaz, 1, 259.

Uriah, the Hittite, betrayed by David, 1, 131–2.

Uriah of Mayence, apostate, sets fire to the synagogue, 3, 303.

Uriah, son of Shemaiah, prophet, slain by Jehoiakim, 1, 301.

Uriel, name of an angel, 1, 403.

Urim and Thummim, in the Zohar, 4, 23.

Urraca, queen of Castile, marries Alfonso I of Aragon, 3, 316.

Ursicinus, legate of Gallus, oppresses the Jews of Judæa, 2, 568–9.

punishes the inhabitants of Sepphoris, 2, 570–1.

falls into disfavor with Constantius, 2, 572.

Узал. См. Сана.

Usha, school of, 2, 148.

a center for the teaching of the Law, 2, 356.

the Synhedrion removed to, 2, 405.

a second time the meeting place of the teachers of the Law, 2, 433–4.

home of Judah ben Ilai, 2, 433, 442.

См. Синедрион, ушинский.

Ushaya, the Elder, adds supplements to the Mishna, 2, 470.

compilation of, authoritative, 2, 471.

establishes an academy at Cæsarea, 2, 543.

Ushaya, the Younger, brother of Rabba bar Nachmani, Agadist, 2, 575–6.

Usque, Abraham (Duarte de Pinel), Marrano, translates the Bible into Spanish, 4, 475.

editor of the Ferrara Spanish Bible, 4, 576.

printing press of, closed, 4, 581.

Usque, Samuel, poet, on the Inquisition, 4, 324–5, 522.

on the Portuguese Marranos, 4, 380.

on Salonica, 4, 404–5.

on Samuel II Abrabanel, 4, 409.

Jewish historical subjects of, 4, 588.

historico-poetical dialogue of, 4, 558–61.

describes Gracia Mendesia, 4, 575–6.

Usque, Solomon (Duarte Gomez), poet and historian, 4, 555, 558.

tragedy by, on Esther, translated, 5, 90.

Usques, the three, protected by Gracia Mendesia, 4, 576.

Usury, the laws of, as enforced by Meïr, 2, 439.

taken by Jews from Christians, 3, 376, 393.

practiced in France in the twelfth century, 3, 400.

restrictions of, by the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 510.

prohibited by the Council of Narbonne, 3, 518.

in England and France in the thirteenth century, 3, 571.

practiced by Jews in England under Henry III, 3, 591.

prohibited by the Statute of Judaism, 3, 642.

among the Jews of Castile, 4, 80.

in France in the fourteenth century, 4, 174.

legalized in Mantua, 4, 286.

charged against the Jews of Nuremberg, 4, 415.

Manasseh ben Israel exonerates the Jews from the charge of, 5, 41.

practiced by Christian capitalists, 5, 205.

practiced by the Jews of Alsace, 5, 349, 350–1.

charged against the Jews of France, 5, 481, 482.

discussed in the Assembly of Jewish Notables, 5, 489, 492.

discussed by the Synhedrion, 5, 497.

Utrera, the Marranos of, adopt means of defense against the Inquisition, 4, 313.

Uzza, the garden of, burial place of Manasseh, 1, 285.

Uzzah, son of Abinadab, sudden death of, 1, 119.

Uzziah, son of Amaziah of Judah, 1, 226.

king of Judah, character and ability of, 1, 228–9.

the earthquake under, 1, 229.

drouth under, 1, 229–30.

conquests of, 1, 230–1.

fortifies Jerusalem, 1, 231.

friendly relations of, with Jeroboam II, 1, 231, 232.

models his kingdom after Solomon’s, 1, 231.

warlike spirit of, 1, 244.

attempts to sacrifice in the Temple, 1, 245.

attacked by leprosy, 1, 245.

last years of, passed in solitude, 1, 246.

death of, 1, 248.

Uziel, Isaac, preacher at Amsterdam, influence of, 4, 672.

scourges the immorality of the Amsterdam Jews, 4, 680.

disciples of, 4, 682, 683, 689.

threatens Uriel da Costa with excommunication, 5, 58.

V

Ваад Арба Арацот. См. Четырех стран, синод.

Valavigny, surgeon, suspected of poisoning wells, 4, 104.

“Vale of Weeping,” by Joseph Cohen, 4, 590, 608.

Valencia, quarrel about the chief rabbinate of, 4, 162.

Marranos from, in Algiers, 4, 199.

opposition to the Inquisition in, 4, 328.

refuge of the last king of Toledo, 3, 295.

Valencia, the Jews of, possess penal jurisdiction, 4, 155.

exterminated in 1391, 4, 170–1.

accept baptism, 4, 205, 206.

charged with the blood accusation, 4, 344.

possessions of, sequestrated by Ferdinand the Catholic, 4, 350.

Valencia de Alcantara, Gonzalo Martinez besieged in, 4, 86.

Valens, Emperor of the East, tolerance of, 2, 603.

Valensino, Alexandrian Jew, seconds Munk’s efforts to establish schools, 5, 663.

Valentinian I, Emperor of the West, tolerance of, 2, 603.

Valerianus, emperor, taken prisoner, 2, 527.

Valladolid, besieged by Alfonso XI of Castile, 4, 79.

the Marranos of, attacked, 4, 280–1.

Valladolid, the cortes of, petition Alfonso XI against usury, 4, 80.

petition for the curtailment of Jewish privileges, 4, 116.

pass anti-Jewish regulations, 4, 158.

Valladolid, the Jews of, under Sancho, 3, 617.

deny the charges of Alfonso Burgensis, 4, 83.

despoiled, 4, 125.

accept baptism, 4, 205.

Van den Enden, Dr. Franz, philologist, Spinoza’s teacher, 5, 88–9.

Vandals, the, the empire of, conquered by Belisarius, 3, 26.

antagonistic to the Catholics, 3, 44.

Vangioni, the, marry Jewish women, 3, 41.

Vannes, the Council of, forbids the clergy to take part in Jewish banquets, 3, 36.

Vanni, mufti, proposes the conversion of Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 153.

instructs Sabbatian converts, 5, 154.

teaches Sabbataï Zevi Mahometan customs, 5, 162.

Van Oven, Bernard, English Jew, interested in the Damascus affair, 5, 653.

Ван Свиден. См. Свиден, ван.

Vantabiet, Armenian bishop, incites a crusade against the Damascus Jews, 5, 662.

Varnhagen von Ense, husband of Rachel Levin, 5, 443.

attitude of, towards the Jews, 5, 533.

Varus, representative of Agrippa II, treachery of, 2, 275.

dismissed, 2, 275.

Varus, Quintilius, governor of Syria, convicts Antipater of attempted parricide, 2, 114.

given charge of Jerusalem, 2, 122–3.

orders out Roman troops against the Judæan insurgents, 2, 125–6.

subdues the Judæan insurgents, 2, 126.

Vayol, Hans, calumniates Israel Bruna, 4, 302, 303.

retracts his calumnies, 4, 304.

Vaz, Diego, Marrano, murders Henrique Nunes, 4, 490.

Vecinho, Joseph, physician and astronomer, at the congress summoned by João II, 4, 367.

Vega brothers, the, found an academy at Jerusalem, 5, 126.

Vega Enriques, Rachel de, marriage of, 5, 242.

Vega, Judah, rabbi in Amsterdam, indulgent towards the weaknesses of the Jews, 4, 680.

Veit, in the Prussian Landtag, 5, 697.

Veit, Simon, husband of Dorothea Mendelssohn, 5, 424.

Veitel, Ephraim, Voltaire’s agent, 5, 339.

school founded by, 5, 405.

Velasquez de Tordesillas, bishop of Segovia, accuses the Jews of host desecration, 4, 195–6.

Venaissin, Jews in, after the banishment by Charles VI, 4, 177.

the Jews of, expelled by Pius V, 4, 592.

Venice, commerce of, in the fifteenth century, 4, 285.

the Abrabanel family at, 4, 385–6.

Spanish spoken at, by the exiles, 4, 388.

exiled Jews settle in, 4, 408.

the Marranos of, unmolested, 4, 500.

Molcho and Reubeni at, 4, 504–5.

Marranos well treated at, 4, 526.

the Talmud burnt in, 4, 565.

the rulers of, prosecute Gracia Mendesia, 4, 574.

ordered by Turkey to liberate Gracia Mendesia, 4, 575.

ambassador of, denounces Joseph Nassi, 4, 595.

hostility of, to Joseph Nassi, 4, 600.

war of, with Turkey, 4, 600.

imprisons the Levantine merchants, 4, 600.

peace of, with Turkey, 4, 605–6.

Elias Montalto in, 4, 673.

the war of, with Turkey enriches Smyrna, 5, 119.

the Sabbatian movement in, 5, 138, 150.

Nathan Ghazati in, 5, 161.

Jewish exiles from Vienna settle in, 5, 173.

Nehemiah Chayon at, 5, 216–17.

honor shown to Crémieux at, 5, 668.

Venice, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 424.

threatened with expulsion, 4, 600–1.

depart, 4, 606.

position of, secured by Solomon Ashkenazi, 4, 606–7.

number of, in the sixteenth century, 4, 650.

in the time of Leo Modena, 5, 68.

order Luzzatto to justify himself, 5, 238.

Venice, the rabbis of, exact a promise from Luzzatto not to teach the Kabbala, 5, 239.

offended by Luzzatto, 5, 239–40.

excommunicate Luzzatto, 5, 240, 242.

excommunicate the writer of Sabbatian amulets, 5, 263, 264.

Venus, temple to, on Golgotha, 2, 422.

Vera y Alarcon, Lope de, martyr, celebrated by Enriquez de Paz, 5, 111.

Verdun, fortress of, refuge of the Jews, 4, 56.

Verona, Jews beg for shelter in, 4, 660.

Vesoul family, the, privileges of, 4, 150.

extinction of, 4, 152.

Vespasian, general of the Roman army in Judæa, 2, 284.

met at Ptolemais by Judæan partisans of Rome, 2, 285.

army of, 2, 285.

defeats Josephus, 2, 285.

defeated at Jotapata, 2, 285–6.

takes Gabara, 2, 286.

takes Jotapata, 2, 287.

kindly disposed to Josephus, 2, 288.

takes Gamala, 2, 289–90.

truce declared by, 2, 290.

hesitates to attack Jerusalem, 2, 297, 298.

in fear of Licinius Mucianus, 2, 300.

fealty sworn to, in Syria and Egypt, 2, 300.

declares Judæa his property, 2, 312.

celebration of the birthday of, 2, 312.

celebrates his triumph over Judæa, 2, 314–15.

appoints Bassus governor of Judæa, 2, 315.

institutes the fiscus Judaicus, 2, 316.

rewards the Judæans friendly to Rome, 2, 316–17.

closes the Temple of Onias, 2, 318.

treats the Jews kindly after the fall of Jerusalem, 2, 331.

gives Galilee to Agrippa II, 2, 333.

Viana, the Jews of, attacked at the instigation of Pedro Olligoyen, 4, 78.

Victoria, of England, congratulates Montefiore upon his success in the East, 5, 669.

honors Montefiore, 5, 670.

approves of the abolition of the form of oath, 5, 698.

Видаль. См. Бонафус Видаль; Крескас Видаль.

Видаль, маэстро. См. Моисей бен Иешуа Нарбони.

Vidal ben Benveniste Ibn-Labi (Ferrer), champion of Judaism at the Tortosa disputation, 4, 207, 211.

holds the Agada to be authoritative, 4, 214.

refuses to accept Christianity, 4, 215.

relations of, become converts, 4, 215.

neo-Hebraic poet, 4, 230.

defends the Talmud, 4, 233–4.

Vidal Menachem ben Solomon Meïri (1249–1306), rabbi of Perpignan, style of, 4, 26–7.

Vieira, Antonio, Jesuit, characterizes Isaac Aboab and Manasseh ben Israel, 4, 683.

Vienna, the Council of, confirms the anti-Jewish decrees of Innocent III, 3, 611–12.

court Jews appointed in, 4, 702.

Jews re-admitted into, 5, 189.

Judah Chassid at, 5, 213.

Chayon at, 5, 218, 230.

Jews allowed to live in, under certain conditions, 5, 358.

a Jewish salon in, 5, 413–14.

intercourse with, awakens a desire for culture in Galicia, 5, 611.

honor shown to Crémieux at, 5, 668.

Vienna, the Congress of, and the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 513, 518–20.

statesmen of, favor the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 514.

Vienna, the Jews of, declared ineligible to office, 3, 635.

protected from the Deggenburg persecution, 4, 99.

kill themselves to escape the Black Death persecutions, 4, 110.

number of, 4, 694.

importance of, during the Thirty Years’ War, 4, 702.

privileges of, 4, 702–3.

build a synagogue, 4, 702.

tax paid by, 5, 170.

banished at the instigation of Empress Margaret, 5, 170.

call upon outsiders to have the decree revoked, 5, 171.

go into exile, 5, 171–2.

dispersion of, 5, 172–4.

подавление «Разоблаченного иудаизма», 5, 189–90.

join the “Society of Friends,” 5, 418.

heterogeneous character of, 5, 579–80.

reforms of, 5, 580.

the Temple service of, 5, 581.

importance of, 5, 582.

Viennet, French deputy, proposes the abolition of a state religion, 5, 597.

Villadiego, the Jews of, exterminated by Pedro’s English allies, 4, 125.

Villafranca, Oran Jews settle at, 5, 169.

Villareal, tribunals of the Inquisition established in, 4, 325.

Villaris, treasurer, insists upon the payment of taxes by the Jews of Spain, 4, 344.

Ville-Neuve, the Jews of, suspected of well poisoning, 4, 104.

“Vindiciæ Judæorum,” by Manasseh ben Israel, translated by Marcus Herz, 5, 362.

fundamental idea of, 5, 363.

Virgin Mary, the, doctrine of, discussed by the Jews of France, 3, 343.

refuted by Moses Cohen de Tordesillas, 4, 141.

Визеу. См. Весиньо.

Vishnioviecki, prince, Polish general, protects the Polish Jews against Cossack cruelty, 5, 10.

retreats before the Cossacks, 5, 10–11.

Vishnioviecki, the house of, controls Cossack colonization, 5, 3.

Visigothic code, the, the Jews under, 3, 292.

translation of, 3, 594–5.

Visigoths, the, the kings of, dependent on the Church, 3, 37.

antagonistic to the Catholics, 3, 44–5.

treat the Jews kindly until Catholic times, 3, 45–6.

the anti-Jewish decrees of, revived by the Council of Meaux, 3, 171.

Vismes, the secretary of, shows the injustice done the Jews of Metz, 5, 446.

Виталь. См. Хаим; Самуил.

Vitellius, proclaimed emperor in Lower Germany, 2, 299.

drives Otho to suicide, 2, 299.

death of, 2, 300.

Vitellius, governor of Syria, appealed to, against Pontius Pilate, 2, 172.

befriends the Judæans, 2, 172–3.

offers sacrifices in the Temple, 2, 173.

Vitoria, the Jews of, deed their cemetery to the town, 4, 352.

left without physicians by the expulsion of the Jews, 4, 353.

Виво. См. Иехиэль из Парижа.

Vizeu, Jewish center in Portugal, 4, 159.

Vladislav, of Poland, death of, 5, 8.

Volga (Itil, Atel), the, Jews settle at the mouth of, 3, 123.

kingdom of the Chazars founded on, 3, 138.

Volhynia, rabbinical schools established in, 4, 420.

Haidamaks in, 5, 11.

Vologeses, king of Parthia, and Izates of Adiabene, 2, 218.

Vologeses, king of Parthia, defeats Atidius Cornelianus, 2, 447.

Voltaggio, Joseph Cohen at, 4, 555.

Voltaire, Arouet de, compared with Lessing, 5, 296.

hostility of, to Jews, 5, 338–9.

financial losses of, through Medina, 5, 339.

quarrel of, with Hirsch, 5, 339.

Frederick the Great enraged at, 5, 339.

slanders the Jews, 5, 340.

answered by Pinto, 5, 345.

compliments Portuguese Jews, 5, 345.

“Jewish Letters” addressed to, 5, 346–7.

admired by Jews, 5, 411.

Von Bohlen, exegete, 5, 695.

Von der Recke, countess, and David Friedländer, 5, 534.

Voss, Julius von, defends the Jews, 5, 533.

Vossius, Dionysius, translates a work by Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 22.

Vossius, Isaac, recommends Manasseh ben Israel to Christine of Sweden, 5, 22.

Manasseh ben Israel dedicates a work to, 5, 37.

Vossius, John Gerard, friendly to Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 22.

Vowel-points, added to the Hebrew consonants, 3, 112.

Vries, Simon de, friend of Spinoza, 5, 107.

Vulgate, the, Latin translation of the Bible by Jerome, 2, 625.

placed above the Hebrew Bible, 4, 444–5.

W

“Waage, Die,” journal published by Börne, 5, 542.

Wadil-Kora, inhabited by Jews, 3, 55–6.

submits to Mahomet, 3, 83.

the Jews of, driven away by Omar, 3, 85.

the Jews of, bring love of the Arabic to Babylonia, 3, 111.

Wagenseil, John Christopher, Hebraist, accuses the Jews of blaspheming Jesus, 5, 185–6.

interested in the conversion of Jews, 5, 186.

tolerance of, 5, 186–7.

denounces the blood accusation, 5, 187.

Wala, incites the sons of Louis the Pious against their step-mother, 3, 166.

Waldenses, the, crusades against, begin with massacres of the Jews, 4, 222.

Wales, the Jumpers in, 5, 378.

Wallachia, the Jews of, join Frank, 5, 273.

Wallenstein, general, plunders the Jews, 4, 701.

Walter Cornutus, archbishop of Sens, and the burning of the Talmud, 3, 578.

Walther von der Vogelweide, the style of, adopted by Süsskind von Trimberg, 3, 420.

Wamba, Visigothic king, revolt against, 3, 104–5.

expels the Jews from Narbonne, 3, 105.

Jews enjoy religious freedom under, 3, 105, 106.

forced by Erwig to become a monk, 3, 106.

“War for God,” defense of Maimonides by his son, 3, 545.

“War of the Fosse,” between Mahomet and an alliance of tribes, 3, 80.

Waragi, the, wage war with the Chazars in the tenth century, 3, 221.

Waraka Ibn-Naufal, convert to Judaism, influences Mahomet, 3, 71.

Wars of God, the, book of, early Hebrew poetry, 1, 29.

Warsaw, Frank’s baptism at, 5, 288.

the duchy of, created by Napoleon, 5, 500.

Wartburg, the, Luther on, 4, 469, 475.

Wasit, under the jurisdiction of the Sora academy, 3, 98.

the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 437.

Water-gate, the, Ezra reads the Law near, 1, 378.

Water libation, the, mocked at by Alexander Jannæus, 2, 43.

re-introduced under Salome Alexandra, 2, 51.

as celebrated on the Feast of Tabernacles, 2, 51.

Город вод. См. Раббат-Аммон.

Way, Lewis, addresses the Congress of Aix on the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 525–7.

Wecelinus, chaplain, proselyte, lampoons Christianity, 3, 245.

Weil, Jacob, teacher of Israel Bruna, defends him, 4, 302.

death of, 4, 303.

Weil, Moses, rabbi of the German Jews of Amsterdam, 4, 681.

Weissenburg, the Jews of, persecuted in the thirteenth century, 3, 611.

indifferent to the confiscation of Hebrew books, 4, 438.

Weissenfels, rabbinical synod at, 4, 163.

Отравление колодцев. См. Черная смерть.

Wenceslaus, emperor, punishes the priests, 4, 164.

appealed to, by the Bohemian Jews, 4, 165–6.

exacts a poll-tax from the Jews, 4, 166.

friend of the rabbi of Prague, 4, 166.

deposed, 4, 178.

Wenzel, Francis, apostate, tries to arouse prejudice against the Jews, 5, 191.

Werner, archbishop of Mayence, protects the Jews, 3, 636.

“Werner, the good,” supposed to have been murdered for ritual purposes, 3, 637.

Werry, English consul at Damascus, abets Ratti Menton, 5, 639.

Wertheimer, Joseph, founder of the “Israelitische Allianz,” 5, 703.

Wessely, Moses, aids Lessing, 5, 326.

Wessely, Naphtali Hartwig, (1725–1805), poet, assists in Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation, 5, 334.

inspired by Mendelssohn, 5, 366.

youth and education of, 5, 366–7.

interested in the Bible, 5, 367.

piety of, 5, 367.

poetic gifts of, 5, 367–8.

composes a hymn to Joseph II, 5, 368.

on general culture for the Jews, 5, 368, 370–1.

in negotiation with the Jews of Trieste, 5, 369.

censured by the pious, 5, 369, 370.

encouraged by Italian rabbis, 5, 371.

contributor to the Meassef, 5, 399.

permits the study of the sciences, 5, 402.

last poem by, 5, 404.

poetry of, compared with Luzzatto’s, 5, 623.

compared with Munk, 5, 663.

West India Company, the, Jews interested in, 4, 677.

West, the, the empire of, the Jews of, under Honorius, 2, 616–17, 622.

forbidden to enter military service, 2, 617.

Westphalia, the kingdom of, created by Napoleon, 5, 500.

constitution of, 5, 500.

the Jews of, emancipated, 5, 500.

Jewish consistory in, 5, 501–2.

functions of the consistory in, 5, 502.

added to Prussia, 5, 525.

reforms of Judaism in, 5, 562.

Wetterau, the, the Jews of, emigrate to Syria, 3, 637.

“White Company,” the, troops of Henry de Trastamare, 4, 123.

Widmannstadt, prosecutes Hebrew studies, 4, 434.

William I, of England (the Conqueror), forbids Jews to keep Christian slaves and nurses, 3, 294.

William III, of England, addressed by Oliger Pauli on the Jews, 5, 177.

assisted by Suasso, 5, 205.

William VIII, of Montpellier, unfriendly to the Jews, 3, 395.

William of Orange, appeals to Joseph Nassi, 4, 601.

tolerance of, 4, 663.

well disposed towards Jews, 4, 678.

William II, of Sicily, permits the Jews to have their own jurisdiction, 3, 422–3.

William, bishop of Béziers, discontinues the Easter persecution of the Jews, 3, 394.

William, bishop of Paris, entrusted with the persecution of the Talmud, 3, 575.

William the Carpenter, leader of the first crusade, and the Jews, 3, 299–301.

Wilna, the Jews of, slaughtered by the Russians, 5, 14.

the Chassidim in, 5, 388, 391.

rabbis of, excommunicate the Chassidim, 5, 391–2.

Wimpfen, Süsskind Alexander, ransoms the body of Meïr of Rothenburg, 3, 640.

Wine, on the Sabbath and the Passover, 1, 398.

Wintzenheim, the consistory of, rabbis of, oppose the Reform movement, 5, 571.

“Wisdom and Wealth,” dialogue by Jehuda ben Sabbataï, 3, 559.

Премудрости книга. См. Экклезиастик.

Witiga, Visigothic king, 3, 109.

Witnesses, Christian, against Jews recognized by the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 422.

Samaritan, testimony of, admissible, 2, 457.

baptized Jews, evidence of, valid, 4, 36–7.

Witnesses, Jewish, competent only in Jewish cases, under Justinian, 3, 12–13.

cannot testify against Christians, 3, 102, 520; 4, 250.

the oath of, under Charlemagne, 3, 144.

not recognized in the Visigothic code, 3, 292.

См. также Юрисдикция, еврейская, автономная.

Witold, duke of Lithuania, grants privileges to the Karaites, 4, 265.

Wittenberg, the theological faculty of, forbids the employment of Jewish physicians, 4, 692.

Wolf, Aaron Benjamin, rabbi of Berlin, and Chayon, 5, 219, 220.

Wolf, John Christopher, supplements Basnage’s work, 5, 197.

Wolf, Levi, apostate, Sabbatian, 5, 213.

Wolfkan of Ratisbon, apostate, charges the Jews with the blood accusation, 4, 298, 304.

Wolfram of Eschenbach, style of, adopted by Süsskind of Trimberg, 3, 420.

Wolfssohn, Aaron, editor of the Meassef, 5, 400.

founder of the “Society of Friends,” 5, 418.

Wolkenburg, the castle of, refuge of the Cologne Jews, 3, 352.

Wolowski, Frankist family, 5, 289.

“Woman-Hater, The,” satire by Jehuda ben Sabbataï, 3, 559–60.

“Wonderful Word, The,” panegyric on the Hebrew language by Reuchlin, 4, 433–4.

«Чудотворец посредством призывания имени Божьего». См. Израиль из Меджибожа.

Wood-festival, the, as celebrated in the second Temple, 2, 52.

Worcester, the Jewish Parliament meets in, 3, 590.

“Word to the Impartial, A,” philo-Jewish pamphlet, 5, 470.

“Words of Peace and Truth,” by Wessely, 5, 368–9.

Worms, founders of the Jewish community of, 3, 41.

Rashi studies Talmud at, 3, 286.

congregation of, one of the oldest in Germany, 3, 518.

decisions of, 4, 135.

rabbinical synod at, 4, 452–3.

deputies from, consider the Jewish question, 4, 463.

Luther at the diet of, 4, 469.

Jews tolerated in, 4, 686.

Joseph Delmedigo at, 5, 80.

Worms, the Jews of, faithful to Henry IV, 3, 293.

during the first crusade, 3, 301–2.

defend the city, 3, 417.

emigrate to Syria, 3, 637.

burn themselves to escape the Black Death persecutions, 4, 108–9.

threatened with expulsion, 4, 417.

the extermination of, suggested by Pfefferkorn, 4, 463.

number of, 4, 694.

antipathy to, 4, 694–5.

the expulsion of, urged, 4, 698.

ordered to leave, 4, 699.

suffering of, 4, 699.

re-admitted, 4, 699.

restrictions upon, 4, 700.

protected by Ferdinand II, 4, 701.

Wratislaw II, duke of Bohemia, 3, 305.

prevents the emigration of the Jews, 3, 307.

Писатели (историки, памфлетисты, ученые и др.), неевреи, о еврейских предметах, список:

Абд аль-Латиф,

Абу Исхак аль-Эльвири,

Абу-ль-Ала,

Абу-ль-Араб ибн-Моиша,

Адамс, Ханна

Агобард,

Александр Полигистор,

Альфонсо де Спина,

Альфонсо Бургенсис,

Альсаид ибн-Сина Альмулк,

Альварес, Альфонсо, де Вильясандино

Апион,

Аполлоний Мало,

Аполлоний Моло,

Аппиан,

Аристид,

Августин,

Бейл,

Барлей, Каспар

Баснаж, Иаков

Бухгольц,

Буксторфы,

Кассиодор,

Чеба, Ансальдо

Шатобриан,

Цицерон,

Клозенер из Страсбурга,

Колльер, Томас

Чехович, Мартин

Делич, Франц

Дибич, фон

Диего де Валенсия,

Диц,

Дион Кассий,

Дом, Кристиан Вильгельм

Дунс Скот,

Дьюри, Джон

Экк, Иоганн

Эразм,

Евсевий,

Эвальд, Генрих

Эвальд, Иоганн Людвиг

Фельгенхауэр, Пауль

Феррахо, Лучио

Фихте,

Франкенберг, Авраам

Фриз, И. Ф.,

Гезениус,

Гёте,

Граес, Ортуин де

Граттенауэр,

Грегуар,

Грунд, Кристиан

Хартман, Фридрих Трауготт

Генгстенберг,

Гердер,

Холмс, Натаниэль

Хольст, Людвиг

Хоге, Ромейн де

Хорнбек, Джон

Хозиандер,

Хундт, Хартвиг

Гуттен, Ульрих фон

Ибн-Альфара,

Исидор, архиепископ Севильский,

Иероним,

Джесси, Генри

Жюрье, Пьер

Клонович,

Кёльбеле, Иоганн Бальтазар

Косманн,

Кремер, Август

Ламартин,

Ла Пейрер, Исаак

Лафатер, Иоганн Каспар

Лессинг, Готхольд Эфраим

Лонгин,

Лопес, Педро, де Айяла

Лютер, Мартин

Манефон,

Мартин, Гарри

Мартин, Раймунд

Мартине, Адам

Матвей Парижский,

Мегерлин, Давид Фридрих

Мейер, Эдвард

Михаэлис, Иоганн Давид

Миллер, Джон

Мирабо,

Мюнстер, Себастьян

Николас, Эдвард

Николай Дамасский,

Пальцов,

Порфирий,

Посидоний,

Прокопий,

Прин, Уильям

Рамсон,

Рейхлин, Иоганн

Рабан Мавр,

Рорер, Иосиф

Рубиан, Крот

Рюс, Фридрих

Скалигер, Иосиф

Шлейермахер,

Шмидт из Хильдбургхаузена,

Шудт,

Швагер,

Симон, Ришар

Шпет, Иоганн Петер

Страбон,

Штрекфус,

Суренгузий, Вильгельм

Свиден, ван

Тацит,

Тови,

Унгер, Кристиан Теофил

Фарнхаген фон Энзе,

Фосс, Юлиус фон

Фоссий, Дионисий

Вагензейль, Иоганн Кристоф

Вюльфер, Иоганн.

Wülfer, John, Hebraist, attacks the Alenu prayer, 5, 185.

denounces the blood accusation, 5, 185.

Würtemberg, the liturgy of, introduced into Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 5, 679.

Würzburg, the Jews of, suffer martyrdom during the second crusade, 3, 354.

blotted out during the Rindfleisch persecution, 4, 35.

perish during the Black Death persecutions, 4, 110.

the “hep, hep!” persecution of, 5, 528–9.

Wycliffe, denounces the Church, 4, 202.

inspires Huss, 4, 221.

X

Xeres, battle of, gives the Mahometans possession of Visigothic Spain, 3, 109.

Xerifs, the, a powerful family of Fez, 4, 390.

Xerxes (Ahasuerus), king of Persia, the Judæans under, accused of disloyalty, 1, 361.

Ximenes de Cisneros, third inquisitor-general, forbids Charles V to tolerate the Jews, 4, 484.

Xystum, colonnade before the Hasmonæan palace, 2, 14.

Y

Yachini, Abraham, preacher at Constantinople, confirms Sabbataï Zevi’s Messiahship, 5, 123, 131.

rewarded by Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 145.

Yachya Ibn-Mondhir, patron of Yekutiel Ibn-Hassan, 3, 266.

Yachya Alkader, last Mahometan king of Toledo, 3, 295.

Yalkut, the, a Midrash collection by Simon Kara, 3, 346.

Yalta, wife of Nachman ben Jacob, 2, 554–5.

pride of, 2, 556.

Yarche Kalla, months of assembly at Sora, 2, 514–15.

Ярхинай. См. Самуил, сын Аббы.

Yarob, ancestor of the Arabs, 3, 61.

Ятриб. См. Медина.

Yazates, Persian good spirits, 1, 403.

“Year of Flying,” the, era for the Jews of Bagdad, 3, 433.

“Year of Penitence,” the, inaugurated by Asher Lämmlein, 4, 483.

Год отпущения. См. Субботний год.

Year, the Jewish, character of, 2, 362–3. See Calendar, the.

Yechiel (Vivo) of Paris, Talmudist, invited to defend the Talmud against Donin, 3, 576.

refuses to answer questions, 3, 576.

refuses to take an oath, 3, 577.

disproves the charge of immorality and blasphemy, 3, 577.

maintains that there are no references to Jesus in the Talmud, 3, 577.

disciples of, 3, 586.

obtains supplies from Palestine, 3, 586.

emigrates to Palestine, 3, 587.

buried at Chaifa, 3, 608.

Yechiel of Pisa, financier and patron of Hebrew literature, 4, 286.

friend of Isaac Abrabanel, 4, 286.

ransoms Jewish prisoners, 4, 287.

on Jewish physicians in Italy, 4, 287.

accused of protecting the Jews by means of bribery, 4, 297.

instructed how to receive the Portuguese embassy, 4, 340.

sons of, help the Spanish exiles, 4, 360.

Yechiel ben Abraham, manages the finances of Pope Alexander III, 3, 421.

Yedaya En-Bonet Bedaresi (Penini, 1280–1340), poet, bombastic style of, 4, 26, 42–3.

works of, 4, 43.

defends the study of science, 4, 43–4.

on the expulsion of the French Jews, 4, 49.

Yekum Purkan, blessing for the Exilarchs and Geonim, 3, 95.

Yekutiel (Kussiel) of Wilna, disciple of Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 5, 237, 245.

spreads Luzzatto’s Kabbala, 5, 238.

Yekutiel Ibn-Hassan, protector of Solomon Ibn-Gebirol, 3, 266.

Yemen, a part of southern Arabia, 3, 54.

king of, converted to Judaism, 3, 62–3.

under the jurisdiction of the Exilarch, 3, 429.

Yemen, the Jews of, numerous, 3, 56.

prevent the spread of Christianity, 3, 56.

in the twelfth century, 3, 436.

benevolence of, 3, 436.

forced into Islam, 3, 461–2.

consoled by Maimonides, 3, 462–4.

devoted to Maimonides, 3, 464.

rescued from persecution by Maimonides, 3, 474.

См. также Химьяритское царство.

Yezid I, Ommiyyade Caliph, tolerance of, 3, 110.

patron of learning, 3, 110.

cross-questions the false Messiah Serene, 3, 121.

Yishaï ben Chiskiya, of Damascus, Exilarch, in the Maimunist controversy, 3, 627.

excommunicates Solomon Petit, 3, 632–3.

reports the condemnation of the Anti-Maimunists of Accho, 3, 633.

Ицхаки. См. Авраам; Абу Ибрагим Исаак ибн-Кастар бен Ясус; Соломон.

Yoktan, ancestor of the Himyarites, 3, 60.

Yom bar Gerizim, anniversary of the destruction of the Samaritan Temple, 2, 8.

Yom Tob, of Joigny, counsels the Jews of York to slay one another, 3, 414–15.

Yom-Tob Kahana ben Jacob (926–928), Gaon of Sora, 3, 192.

Yom Trajanus, a half-holiday, 2, 401.

York, the governor of, deposed, 3, 416.

York, the Jews of, persecuted under Richard I, 3, 413–15.

take refuge in the citadel, 3, 413.

refuse to admit the governor, 3, 414.

besieged, 3, 414–15.

kill each other, 3, 415.

Yotabe, island, a Jewish free state on, 3, 56.

“Youth,” drama by Mendel Bresselau, 5, 398.

Yussuf Ibn-Teshufin, Almoravide prince, aids the Mahometans against Alfonso VI of Castile, 3, 296.

forces Islam upon the Jews of Lucena, 3, 311–12.

Z

Zab, the, Antiochus Sidetes defeats the Parthians at, 2, 5.

Zaba, tribal contingent to David’s army, 1, 122.

Zabir Ibn-Bata, survivor of the Benu-Kuraiza, 3, 81.

Zaccaï, head of the Jewish congregation at Mosul, 3, 429–30.

tries to influence David Alrui, 3, 433.

Zaccaï ben Achunaï, pretender to the Exilarchate, confirmed in the office, 3, 137.

Zachariah ben Jehoiada, high priest, stoned, 1, 220.

Захария. См. также Зехария.

Zacharias, founder of a Judaizing sect in Poland, 4, 633.

Zachib as-Schorta, minister of police, 3, 313.

Zachot, grammatical work by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, 3, 371.

Закуто. См. Авраам; Моисей; Самуил.

Zaddik, the, in the Kabbala, 5, 121.

Zaddik, the, Chassidean leader, requirements of, 5, 380, 381.

importance of, magnified by Beer of Mizricz, 5, 381–2.

pilgrimages to, 5, 382, 384.

gifts to, 5, 382–3, 384.

superior to the Rebbe, 5, 393.

Zadok, high priest, at Gibeon, 1, 120.

faithful to David, 1, 141.

urges the recall of David, 1, 146.

ranked above Abiathar, 1, 152.

anoints Solomon king, 1, 153.

of the house of Eleazar, 1, 155.

made sole high priest, 1, 160.

Zadok, leader of the Sadduceans, 2, 21.

Zadok, Talmudist of Accho, 3, 427.

Zadok, teacher of the Law, follower of Shammai, 2, 133, 330, 338.

leader of the Zealots, 2, 133.

resists the Roman census, 2, 133.

maxim of, 2, 338–9.

Цадуким. См. Саддукеи.

Zafara (Thafar), falls into the hands of the Ethiopian king, 3, 66.

Заг. См. Исаак Бенвенисте.

Zag (Isaac) ben Meïr de Malea, Almoxarif under Alfonso X, 3, 593, 615–16.

Zag (Isaac) Ibn-Said, compiler of the Alfonsine Tables, 3, 593–4.

Zähringen, the Jews of, accused of well poisoning, 4, 108.

Zainab, sister of Marhab, tries to poison Mahomet, 3, 83–4.

Zain-Eddin, commander of Amadia, patron of David Alrui, 3, 430.

brings about the death of David Alrui, 3, 433.

Zaken, title of the ordained, 2, 361.

Zalmunna, Midianite king, punished by Gideon, 1, 63.

Zamaris, founder of the colony of Babylonian Judæans in Batanæa, 2, 274.

Zamora, the Council of, renews anti-Jewish laws, 4, 52.

the Jews of, accept baptism, 4, 205.

Замосць, Израиль. См. Израиль Замосць.

Запатейро, Иосиф. См. Иосиф Запатейро.

Запорожцы. См. Казаки.

Zarak Barfat, poet, 4, 140.

Zarephath (Sarepta), Elijah lives in, 1, 203.

Зарфати. См. Симон; Соломон бен Авраам.

Zarko, Jehuda, poet, 4, 609.

Зарзаль. См. Авраам ибн-Зарзаль.

Зарзель. См. Моисей Зарзель.

Zaslaw, the fair of, the Polish Talmudists meet at, 4, 640.

Zealand, admission of Jews into, opposed, 4, 663.

Zealots, the, republican party in Judæa, principles and leaders of, 2, 133.

resist the Roman census, 2, 133–4.

object to the use of the Roman era, 2, 134.

conception of the Messiah held by, 2, 144.

disapprove of Jesus, 2, 162.

depredations of, 2, 238–9.

a band of, called Sicarii, 2, 239.

kill the Samaritan inhabitants of Acrabatene, 2, 243.

in favor of war with Rome, 2, 256.

allied with the royal house of Adiabene, 2, 256.

leader of, 2, 256.

supported by Shammai’s followers, 2, 256.

hold the Temple mount, 2, 259.

keep the Peace party out of the Temple, 2, 260.

increased by the masses of the people and the Sicarii, 2, 260.

force the Roman garrison to capitulate, 2, 260.

disagree with the Sicarii, 2, 260–1.

disinterestedness of, 2, 261.

defeat Cestius Gallus, 2, 265.

occupy the inner town, 2, 265.

force Cestius to retreat, 2, 266–7.

exaltation of, 2, 267–8.

coins of, 2, 268.

avenge the massacre of Judæans, 2, 269–70.

forbid the purchase of certain articles of food from the heathen, 2, 270.

in Galilee, 2, 272–4.

in Jerusalem after the conquest of Galilee, 2, 291, 292.

treatment by, of those suspected of Roman proclivities, 2, 294.

besieged in the Temple by Anan, 2, 295.

dissolve the aristocratic Synhedrion, 2, 296.

reign of terror under, 2, 296–7.

at war with Simon bar Giora, 2, 297–8.

split up into factions, 2, 301.

heroism of, 2, 306, 316.

massacred by the Romans, 2, 315.

flee to Arabia, Egypt, etc., 2, 317–18; 3, 54.

end of the movement of, 2, 318–19.

and Jochanan ben Zakkai, 2, 323.

war of, immortalized by Josephus, 2, 415.

Zebah, Midianite king, punished by Gideon, 1, 63.

Zebaoth, Adonai, meaning of, 1, 130–1.

Zebedee, the sons of, disciples of Jesus, 2, 153.

suggest the necessity of a precursor to the Messiah, 2, 158.

Zebulon, the tribe of, settles north of Mount Tabor, 1, 37.

relation of, to the Phœnicians, 1, 53.

extends its territory, 1, 67.

descendants of, around Nishabur, 3, 433.

Zebulon, tribesmen of, join Gideon, 1, 62.

join Solomon’s fleet, 1, 170.

Zechariah, king of Israel, murder of, 1, 243.

Zechariah (I), prophet, son of Berechiah, prophecies of, 1, 254–6.

summoned as witness against Ahaz, 1, 259.

Zechariah (II), prophet, urges the completion of the second Temple, 1, 359.

extols the high priest Joshua, 1, 360.

Зехария. См. также Захария.

“Zeda la-Derech,” by Menachem ben Aaron ben Zerach, 4, 145.

Zedekiah (Mattaniah), made king of Judah by Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 308.

swears fealty to Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 308.

character of, 1, 309.

urged to revolt from Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 309–10.

refuses tribute to Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 310–11.

flight of, 1, 314.

blinded and taken to Babylon, 1, 315.

Zedekiah, the daughters of, in Gedaliah’s care, 1, 319.

taken prisoners by Ishmael, 1, 322.

rescued by Johanan, 1, 323.

Zedekiah, Jewish physician of Charles the Bald, 3, 170.

Zeïra I, Amora, a Babylonian, 2, 531.

emigrates to Judæa, 2, 557.

method of, 2, 557–8, 590.