Различные психические качества, по-видимому, находятся в очень тесной взаимной связи друг с другом. Специальное исследование по этому предмету, а также демонстрация того, что это замечание может быть общеприменимо в физике, последуют позже.
ПРЕДМЕТНЫЙ УКАЗАТЕЛЬ.
Absolute, temperature, 162;
time, 204;
forecasts, have no signification in science, 206.
Abstract, meaning of the term, 240.
Abstraction, 180, 200, 208, 231.
Acceleration, organ for forward, 299 et seq.
Accelerations, 204, 216, footnote, 225-226, 253.
Accident, logical and historical, in science, 160, 168, 170, 213;
in inventions and discoveries, 262 et seq.
Accord, the pure triple, 46.
Accumulators, electrical, 125 et seq.;
132, сноска.
Acoustic color, 36.
Acoustics, Sauveur on, 375 et seq.
Action and reaction, importance of the principle of, 191.
Adaptation, in organic and inorganic matter, 216, 229;
in scientific thought, 214-235.
Æsthetics, computation as a principle of, 34;
researches in, 89, footnote;
repetition, a principle of, 91.
Africa, 186, 234, 237.
Agreeable effects, due to repetition of sensations, 92, 97 et seq.
Agriculture, transition to, 265.
Air-gun, 135.
Alcohol and water, mixture of oil and, in Plateau's experiments, 4.
Algebra, economy of, 196.
Alien thoughts in science, 196.
All, the, 88.
Amontons, 174, 346.
Ampère, the word, 314.
Ampère's swimmer, 207.
Analogies, mechanical, 157, 160;
generally, 236-258.
Analogy, defined, 250.
Analysis, 188.
Analytical geometry, not necessary to physicians, 370, footnote.
Anatomic structures, transparent stereoscopic views of, 74.
Anatomy, character of research in, 255.
Andrieu, Jules, 49, footnote.
Animals, the psychical activity of, 190, 231;
the language of, 238;
their capacity for experience, 266 et seq.
Animism, 186, 187, 243, 254.
Anisotropic optical fields, 227.
Apparatus for producing movements of rotation, 287 et seq.
Arabesque, an inverted, 95.
Arabian Nights, 219.
Arago, 270.
Aral, the Sea of, 239.
Archæopteryx, 257.
Archimedes, 4, 237.
Arcimboldo, Giuseppe, 36.
Area, principle of least superficial, 10 et seq.
Ares, the bellowing of the wounded, 272.
Aristotelians, 283.
Aristotle, 348, 296.
Art, development of, 28 et seq.
Artillery, practical, 334-335.
Artistic value of scientific descriptions, 254.
Arts, practical, 108.
Ascent, heights of, 143-151.
Азия, 234.
Assyrians, the art of, 79.
Astronomer, measures celestial by terrestrial distances, 136.
Astronomy, antecedent to psychology, 90;
rigidity of its truths, 221.
Atomic theories, 104.
Atoms, 207.
Attention, the rôle of, in sensuous perception, 35 et seq.
Attraction, generally, 226;
of liquid particles, 13-14;
in electricity, 109 et seq.
Aubert, 298.
Слух. См. Ухо.
Austrian gymnasiums, 370, footnote.
Axioms, instinctive knowledge, 190.
Babbage, on the economy of machinery, 196.
Bach, 20.
Backwards, prophesying, 253.
Bacon, Lord, 48, 280.
Baer, C. E. von, 235.
Balance, electrical, 127, footnote;
torsion, 109, 168.
Balloon, a hydrogen, 199.
Barbarism and civilisation, 335 et seq.
Bass-clef, 101.
Bass, fundamental, 44.
Beats, 40-45, 377 et seq.
Beautiful, our notions of, variable, 99.
Beauty, objects of, in nature, 91.
Becker, J. K., 364, 369.
Beethoven, 39, 44.
Beginnings of science, 189, 191.
Belvedere Gallery at Vienna, 36.
Bernoulli, Daniel, on the conservation of living force, 149;
on the vibrations of strings, 249.
Bernoulli, James, on the centre of oscillation, 149.
Bernoulli, John, on the conservation of living force, 149;
on the principle of virtual velocities, 151.
Bible, parallel passages from, for language study, 356.
Binocular vision, 66 et seq.
Black, his theory of caloric, 138, 162;
on quantity of heat, 166, 174;
on latent heat, 167, 178;
researches in heat generally, 244.
Blind cat, 303.
Bodies, heavy, seek their places, 224 et seq.;
rotating, 285.
Body, a mental symbol for groups of sensations, 200-203;
the human, our knowledge of, 90.
Boltzmann, 236.
Booth, Mr., 77.
Borelli, 217.
Boulder, a granite, 233.
Bow-wave of ships and moving projectiles, 323 et seq.
Boys, 317.
Bradley, 273.
Brahman, the, 63.
Brain, localisation of functions in, 210.
Breuer, 272, 282 et seq., 293, 298, 300, 301, 303, 306.
Brewster, his stereoscope, 73.
Bridge, invention of the, 264, 268.
British Association, 108.
Brooklyn Bridge, 75, footnote.
Brown, Crum, 293, 301.
Building, our concepts directions for, 253;
facts the result of, 253;
science compared to, 257.
Building-stones, metrical units are, 253.
Busch, 328.
Business of a merchant, science compared to the, 16.
Butterfly, a, 22.
Calculating machines, their economical character, 196.
Caloric, theory of, stood in the way of scientific advancement, 138, 167.
Calypso, the island of, 351.
Canterbury, Archbishop of, 39.
Cantor, M., 361, footnote.
Capacity, electrical, 116 et seq., 123;
thermal, 123;
specific inductive, 117.
Capulets and Montagues, 87.
Cards, difficult games of, 357.
Carnot, S., excludes perpetual motion in heat, 156, 162;
his mechanical view of physics, 156;
on thermodynamics, 160 et seq.;
his principle, 162;
also, 191.
Carus, Dr. Paul, 265, footnote.
Casselli's telegraph, 26.
Cassini, 51.
Cauchy, character of the intellectual activity of a, 195.
Causal insight, awakened by science, 357.
Causality, 157-159, 190, 198 et seq., 221 et seq., 237, 253, 254.
Cause and effect, 198 et seq. See also Causality.
Centimetre-gramme-second system, 111.
Centre of gravity, must lie as low as possible for equilibrium to subsist, 15;
Torricelli's principle of, 150 et seq.
Centre of oscillation, 149.
Change, method of, in science, 230.
Changeable character of bodies, 202.
Changes, physical, how they occur, 205.
Character, a Universal Real, 192.
Character, like the forms of liquids, 3;
persons of, 24.
Charles the Fifth, 369.
Chemical, elements, 202;
symbols, 192;
current, 118.
Chemistry, character of research in, 255;
the method of thermodynamics in, 257.
Child, a, modes of thought of, 223;
looking into a moat, 208.
Child of the forest, his interpretation of new events, 218-219.
Childish questions, 199-200.
Children, the drawings of, 201-202.
Chinese language, economy of, 192;
study of, 354.
Chinese philosopher, an old, 186.
Chinese, speak with unwillingness of politics, 374;
the art of, 79-80.
Chosen, many are called but few are, 65.
Christ, saying of, 65.
Christianity, Latin introduced with, 311.
Christians and Jews, monotheism of the, 187.
Church and State, 88.
Cicero, 318.
Circe, 372.
Circle, the figure of least area with given periphery, 12.
Circular polarisation, 242.
Civilisation and barbarism, 335 et seq.
Civilisation, some phenomena of, explained by binocular vision, 74.
Civilised man, his modes of conception and interpretation, 219.
Clapeyron, 162.
Class-characters of animals, 255.
Classical, culture, the good and bad effects of, 347;
scholars, not the only educated people, 345.
Classics, on instruction in, 338-374;
the scientific, 368.
Classification in science, 255.
Clausius, on thermodynamics, 165;
on reversible cycles, 176.
Claviatur, Mach's, 42-43.
Club-law, 335.
Cochlea, the, a species of piano-forte, 19.
Cockchafer, 86.
Coefficient of self-induction, 250, 252.
Colophonium, solution of, 7.
Color, acoustic, 36.
Color-sensation, 210.
Color-signs, their economy, 192.
Colors, origin of the names of, 239.
Column, body moving behind a, 202.
Communication, its functions, import and fruits, 197, 238 et seq.;
by language, 237;
high importance of, 191 et seq.
Comparative physics, 239.
Comparison in science, 231, 238 et seq.
Computation, a principle of æsthetics, 34.
Concepts, abstract, defined, 250-252;
metrical, in electricity, 107 et seq.
Conceptual, meaning of the term, 240.
Conceptual thought, 192.
Concha, 18.
Condensers, electrical, 125 et seq. 132, footnote.
Проводники и непроводники. См. Электрические и т. д.
Conformity in the deportment of the energies, 171-175.
Confusion of objects, cause of, 95.
Conic sections, 257.
Conical refraction, 29, 242.
Conservation of energy, 137 et seq. See Energy.
Conservation of weight or mass, 203.
Consonance, connexion of the simple natural numbers with, 33;
Euclid's definition of, 33;
explanation of, 42;
scientific definition of, 44;
and dissonance reduced to beats, 376, 370, 383.
Consonant intervals, 43.
Constancy of matter, 203.
Constant, the dielectric, 117.
Constants, the natural, 193.
Continuum of facts, 256 et seq.
Cornelius, 388, footnote.
Corti, the Marchese, his discovery of minute rods in the labyrinth of the ear, 19.
Coulomb, his electrical researches, 108, 109, 113;
his notion of quantity of electricity, 173;
his torsion-balance, 168.
Crew, Prof. Henry, 317, footnote.
Criticism, Socrates the father of scientific, 1, 16.
Critique of Pure Reason, Kant's, 188.
Crucible, derivation of the word, 49, footnote.
Crustacea, auditory filaments of, 29, 272, 302.
Cube of oil, 5.
Culture, ancient and modern, 344.
Currents, chemical, 118;
electrical, 118;
galvanic, 132;
measurement of electrical, 135-136;
of heat, 244, 249-250;
strength of, 250.
Curtius, 356.
Curved lines, their asymmetry, 98.
Curves, how their laws are investigated, 206.
Cycles, reversible, Clausius on, 176.
Cyclical processes, closed, 175.
Cyclops, 67.
Cyclostat, 298.
Cylinder, of oil, 6;
mass of gas enclosed in a, 179.
D'Alembert, on the causes of harmony, 34;
his principle, 142, 149, 154;
also 234, 279.
Danish schools, 338, footnote.
Darwin, his study of organic nature, 215 et seq.;
his methods of research, 216.
Deaf and dumb, not subject to giddiness, 299.
Deaf person, with a piano, analyses sounds, 27.
Death and life, 186.
Definition, compendious, 197.
Deiters, 19.
Delage, 298, 301, 302.
Democritus, his mechanical conception of the world, 155, 187.
Demonstration, character of, 362.
Deportment of the energies, conformity in the, 171-175.
Derivation, laws only methods of, 256.
Descent, Galileo's laws of, 193;
generally, 143 et seq., 204, 215.
Description, 108, 191, 236, 237;
a condition of scientific knowledge, 193;
direct and indirect, 240;
in physics, 197, 199.
Descriptive sciences, their resemblance to the abstract, 248.
Determinants, 195.
Diderot, 234.
Dielectric constant, the, 117.
Difference-engine, the, 196.
Differential coefficients, their relation to symmetry, 98.
Differential laws, 204.
Differential method, for detecting optical imperfections, 317.
Diffraction, 91, 194.
Diffusion, Fick's theory of, 249.
Discharge of Leyden jars, 114 et seq.
Discoveries, the gist of, 270, 375.
Discovery and invention, distinction between, 269.
Dissonance, explanation of, 42;
definition of, 33, 44. See Consonance.
Distances, estimation of, by the eye, 68 et seq.
Dogs, like tuning-forks, 23;
their mentality, 190.
Domenech, Abbé, 92.
Dramatic element in science, 243.
Drop of water, on a greased plate, 8;
on the end of a stick, 8;
in free descent, 8.
Dubois, 218.
Dubois-Reymond, 370, footnote.
Dufay, 271.
Dynamics, foundations of, 153 et seq.
Ear, researches in the theory of, 17 et seq.;
diagram of, 18;
its analysis of sounds, 20 et seq.;
a puzzle-lock, 28;
reflected in a mirror, 93;
no symmetry in its sensation, 103.
Earth, its oblateness not due to its original fluid condition, 2;
rotation of, 204;
internal disturbances of, 285.
Economical, nature of physical inquiry, 186;
procedure of the human mind, 186;
order of physics, 197;
schematism of science, 206;
tools of science, 207;
coefficient of dynamos, 133.
Economy, of the actions of nature, 15;
the purpose of science, 16;
of language, 191 et seq.;
of the industrial arts, 192;
of mathematics, 195-196;
of machinery, 196;
of self-preservation, our first knowledge derived from, 197;
generally, 186 et seq., 269.
Education, higher, 86;
liberal, 341 et seq., 371.
Efflux, liquid, 150.
Ego, its nature, 234-235.
Egypt, 234.
Egyptians, art of, 78 et seq., 201.
Eighteenth century, the scientific achievements of, 187, 188.
Eleatics, on motion, 158.
Electrical, attraction and repulsion, 109 et seq., 168;
capacity, 116 et seq.;
force, 110, 119, 168;
spark, 117, 127, 132, 133, 190;
energy, measurement of, 128 et seq., 169;
currents, conceptions of, 118, 132, 135-136, 226-227, 249, 250;
fluids, 112 et seq., 228;
pendulums, 110;
levels, 173;
potential, 121 et seq.;
quantity, 111, 118, 119.
Electricity, as a substance and as a motion, 170;
difference between the conceptions of heat and, 168 et seq.,
rôle of work in, 120 et seq.;
galvanic, 134.
См. Электрические.
Electrometer, W. Thomson's absolute, 127, footnote.
Electrometers, 122, 127.
Electrostatic unit, 111.
Electrostatics, concepts of, 107 et seq.
Elements, interdependence of the sensuous, 179;
of bodies, 202;
of phenomena, equations between, 205;
of sensations, 200;
used instead of sensations, 208-209.
Ellipse, equation of, 205;
the word, 342.
Embryology, possible future state of, 257.
Energies, conformity in the deportment of, 171-175;
differences of, 175.
Energy, a metrical notion, 178;
conservation of, 137 et seq.;
defined, 139;
metaphysical establishment of the doctrine of, 183;
kinetic, 177;
potential, 128 et seq.;
substantial conception of, 164, 185, 244 et seq.;
conservation of, in electrical phenomena, 131 et seq.;
limits of principle of, 175;
principle of, in physics, 160-166;
sources of principle of, 179, 181;
thermal, 177;
Thomas Young on, 173.
Energy-value of heat, 178, footnote.
Enlightenment, the, 188.
Entropy, a metrical notion, 178.
Environment, stability of our, 206.
Equations for obtaining facts, 180;
between the elements of phenomena, 205.
Equilibrium, conditions of, in simple machines, 151;
figures of liquid, 4 et seq.;
general condition of, 15;
in the State, 15.
Etymology, the word, misused for entomology, 316.
Euclid, on consonance and dissonance, 33;
his geometry, 364.
Euler, on the causes of harmony, 34;
impression of the mathematical processes on, 196;
on the vibrations of strings, 249, 285, 376.
Euler and Hermann's principle, 149.
Euthyphron, questioned by Socrates, 1.
Evolute, the word, 342.
Evolution, theory of, as applied to ideas, 216 et seq.
Ewald, 298, 304.
Excluded perpetual motion, logical root of the principle of, 182.
Exner, S., 302, 305.
Experience, communication of, 191;
our ready, 199;
the principle of energy derived from, 179;
the wellspring of all knowledge of nature, 181;
incongruence between thought and, 206.
Experimental research, function of, 181.
Explanation, nature of, 194, 237, 362.
Eye, cannot analyse colors, 20;
researches in the theory of the, 18 et seq.;
loss of, as affecting vision, 98.
Eyes, purpose of, 66 et seq.;
their structure symmetrical not identical, 96.
Face, human, inverted, 95.
Facts and ideas, necessary to science, 231.
Facts, description of, 108;
agreement of, 180;
relations of, 180;
how represented, 206;
reflected in imagination, 220 et seq.;
the result of constructions, 253;
a continuum of, 256 et seq.;
equations for obtaining, 180.
Falling bodies, 204, 215;
Galileo on the law of, 143 et seq., 284.
Falling, cats, 303, footnote.
Falstaff, 309.
Familiar intermediate links of thought, 198.
Faraday, 191, 217, 237;
his conception of electricity, 114, 271.
Fechner, theory of Corti's fibres, 19 et seq.
Feeling, cannot be explained by motions of atoms, 208 et seq.
Fetishism, 186, 243, 254;
in our physical concepts, 187.
Fibres of Corti, 17 et seq.
Fick, his theory of diffusion, 249.
Figures, symmetry of, 92 et seq.
Figures of liquid equilibrium, 4 et seq.
Fire, use of, 264.
Fishes, 306.
Fixed note, determining of a, 377.
Fizeau, his determination of the velocity of light, 55 et seq.
Flats, reversed into sharps, 101.
Flouren's experiments, 272, 290.
Flower-girl, the baskets of a, 95.
Fluids, electrical, 112 et seq.
Force, electric, 110, 119, 168;
единица 111;
living, 137, 149, 184;
в общем 253.
См. связанные заголовки.
Forces, will compared to, 254.
Foreseeing events, 220 et seq.
Formal conceptions, rôle of, 183.
Formal need of a clear view of facts, 183, 246;
how far it corresponds to nature, 184.
Formative forces of liquids, 4.
Forms of liquids, 3 et seq.
Forward movement, sensation of, 300.
Forwards, prophesying, 253.
Foucault, 57, 70, 296.
Foucault and Toepler, method of, for detecting optical faults, 313 et seq., 320.
Foundation of scientific thought, primitive acts of knowledge, the, 190.
Fourier, on processes of heat, 249, 278.
Fox, a, 234.
Franklin's pane, 116.
Frary, 338, footnote.
Fraunhofer, 271.
Freezing-point, lowered by pressure, 162.
Fresnel, 271.
Fritsch, 321.
Frogs, larvæ of, not subject to vertigo, 298.
Froude, 333.
Frustra, misuse of the word, 345.
Future, science of the, 213.
Galileo, on the motion of pendulums, 21;
his attempted measurement of the velocity of light, 50 et seq.;
his exclusion of a perpetual motion, 143;
on velocities acquired in free descent, 143-147;
on the law of inertia, 146-147;
on virtual velocities, 150;
on work, 172;
his laws of descent, 193;
on falling bodies, 225;
great results of his study of nature, 214 et seq.;
his rude scientific implements, 215;
selections from his works for use in instruction, 368;
also 105, 182, 187, 237, 272, 274, 283.
Galle, observes the planet Neptune, 29.
Galvanic, electricity, 134;
current, 132;
dizziness, 291;
vertigo, 298.
Galvanoscope, 135.
Galvanotropism, 291.
Garda, Lake, 239.
Gas, the word, 264;
mass of, enclosed in a cylinder, 179.
Gases, tensions of, for scales of temperature, 174.
Gauss, on the foundations of dynamics, 154;
his principle, 154;
also, 108, 274.
Genius, 279, 280.
Geography, comparison in, 239.
Geometers, in our eyes, 72.
Geotropism, 289.
German schools and gymnasiums, 372, 373, 338, footnote.
Ghosts, photographic, 73.
Glass, invisible in a mixture of the same refrangibility, 312;
powdered, visible in a mixture of the same refrangibility, 312.
Glove, in a mirror, 93.
Goethe, quotations from, 9, 31, 49, 88;
on the cause of harmony, 35.
Goltz, 282, 291.
Gossot, 332.
Gothic cathedral, 94.
Gravitation, discovery of, 225 et seq.
Gravity, how to get rid of the effects of, in liquids, 4;
также 228.
Gray, Elisha, his telautograph, 26.
Greased plate, drop of water on a, 8.
Great minds, idiosyncrasies of, 247.
Greek language, scientific terms derivedfrom, 342-343;
common words derived from, 343, footnote;
still necessary for some professions, 346;
its literary wealth, 347-348;
narrowness and one-sidedness of its literature, 348-349;
its excessive study useless, 349-350;
its study sharpens the judgment, 357-358;
a knowledge of it not necessary to a liberal education, 371.
Greeks, their provinciality and narrow-mindedness, 349;
now only objects of historical research, 350.
Griesinger, 184.
Grimaldi, 270.
Grimm, 344, footnote.
Grunting fishes, 306.