УКАЗАТЕЛЬ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЙ БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА В ПРОЕКТЕ «ГУТЕНБЕРГ»

Составитель: Дэвид Уидджер

CONTENTS

Нажмите на значок ## перед названием, чтобы просмотреть оглавление соответствующего тома.

Нажмите на само название, чтобы открыть исходный файл в режиме онлайн.

##  THE COMPLETE WORKS FRANKLIN, Vol. 1

##  THE COMPLETE WORKS FRANKLIN, Vol. 2

##  THE COMPLETE WORKS FRANKLIN, Vol. 3

##  MEMOIRS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Vol. 1

##  MEMOIRS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Vol. 2

##  AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

##  BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, SELECTIONS

AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

FRANKLIN'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN: FIRST BALLOONS

EXPERIMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS ON ELECTRICITY

FRANKLIN'S WAY TO WEALTH

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЯ ТОМОВ

ПОЛНОЕ СОБРАНИЕ СОЧИНЕНИЙ ПОКОЙНОГО ДОКТОРА БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА

Впервые собранные и систематизированные: с мемуарами о его ранних годах, написанными им самим. В трех томах.

Том I (из III)

1806

CONTENTS

| Page.
LIFE of Dr. FRANKLIN | 1
LETTERS AND PAPERS ON ELECTRICITY.
Introductory Letter. | 169
Wonderful effect of points.—Positive and negative electricity.—Electrical kiss.—Counterfeit spider.—Simple and commodious electrical machine. | 170
Observations on the Leyden bottle, with experiments proving the different electrical state of its different surfaces. | 179
Further experiments confirming the preceding observations.—Leyden bottle analysed.—Electrical battery.—Magical Picture.—Electrical wheel or jack.—Electrical feast. | 187
Observations and suppositions, towards forming a new hypothesis, for explaining the several phenomena of thunder-gusts. | 203
Introductory letter to some additional papers. | 216
Opinions and conjectures, concerning the properties and effects of the electrical matter, and the means of preserving buildings, ships, &c. from lightning, arising from experiments and observations made at Philadelphia, 1749.—Golden fish.—Extraction of effluvial virtues by electricity impracticable. | 217

Additional experiments: proving that the Leyden bottle has no more electrical fire in it when charged, than before: nor less when discharged: that in discharging, the fire does not issue from the wire and the coating at the same time, as some have thought, but that the coating always receives what is discharged by the wire, or an equal quantity: the outer surface being always in a negative state of electricity, when the inner surface is in a positive state.
245

Accumulation of the electrical fire proved to be in the electrified glass.—Effect of lightning on the needle of compasses, explained.—Gunpowder fired by the electric flame. | 247
Unlimited nature of the electric force. | 250
The terms, electric per se, and non-electric, improper.—New relation between metals and water.—Effects of air in electrical experiments.—Experiment for discovering more of the qualities of the electric fluid. | 252
Mistake, that only metals and water were conductors, rectified.—Supposition of a region of electric fire above our atmosphere.—Theorem concerning light.—Poke-weed a cure for cancers. | 256
New experiments.—Paradoxes inferred from them.—Difference in the electricity of a globe of glass charged, and a globe of sulphur.—Difficulty of ascertaining which is positive and which negative. | 261
Probable cause of the different attractions and repulsions of the two electrified globes mentioned in the two preceding letters. | 264
Reasons for supposing, that the glass globe charges positively, and the sulphur negatively.—Hint respecting a leather globe for experiments when travelling. | ibid.
Electrical kite. | 267

Hypothesis, of the sea being the grand source of lightning, retracted.—Positive, and sometimes negative, electricity of the clouds discovered.—New experiments and conjectures in support of this discovery.—Observations recommended for ascertaining the direction of the electric fluid.—Size of rods for conductors to buildings.—Appearance of a thunder-cloud described.
269

Additional proofs of the positive and negative state of electricity in the clouds.—New method of ascertaining it. | 284
Electrical experiments, with an attempt to account for their several phenomena, &c. | 286
Experiments made in pursuance of those made by Mr. Canton, dated December 6, 1753; with explanations, by Mr. Benjamin Franklin. | 294
Turkey killed by electricity.—Effect of a shock on the operator in making the experiment. | 299

Differences in the qualities of glass.—Account of Domien, an electrician and traveller.—Conjectures respecting the pores of glass.—Origin of the author's idea of drawing down lightning.—No satisfactory hypothesis respecting the manner in which clouds become electrified.—Six men knocked down at once by an electrical shock.—Reflections on the spirit of invention.
301

Beccaria's work on electricity.—Sentiments of Franklin on pointed rods, not fully understood in Europe.—Effect of lightning on the church of Newbury, in New England.—Remarks on the subject. | 309
Notice of another packet of letters. | 313
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Boston, to Benjamin Franklin, Esq. concerning the crooked direction, and the source of lightning, and the swiftness of the electric fire. | 314
Observations on the subjects of the preceding letter.—Reasons for supposing the sea to be the grand source of lightning.—Reasons for doubting this hypothesis.—Improvement in a globe for raising the electric fire. | 320
Effect of lightning on captain Waddel's compass, and the Dutch church at New York. | 324
Proposal of an experiment to measure the time taken up by an Electric spark, in moving through any given space. | 327

Experiments on boiling water, and glass heated by boiling water.—Doctrine of repulsion in electrised bodies doubted.—Electricity of the atmosphere at different heights.—Electrical horse-race.—Electrical thermometer.—In what cases the electrical fire produces heat.—Wire lengthened by electricity.—Good effect of a rod on the house of Mr. West, of Philadelphia.
331

Answer to some of the foregoing subjects.—How long the Leyden bottle may be kept charged.—Heated glass rendered permeable by the electric fluid.—Electrical attraction and repulsion.—Reply to other subjects in the preceding paper.—Numerous ways of kindling fire.—Explosion of water.—Knobs and points. | 343
Accounts from Carolina (mentioned in the foregoing letter) of the effects of lightning on two of the rods commonly affixed to houses there, for securing them against lightning. | 361
Mr. William Maine's account of the effects of the lightning on his rod, dated at Indian Land, in South Carolina, Aug. 28, 1760. | 362
On the electricity of the tourmalin. | 369
New observation relating to electricity in the atmosphere. | 373
Flash of lightning that struck St. Bride's steeple. | 374
Best method of securing a powder magazine from lightning. | 375
Of lightning, and the methods (now used in America) of securing buildings and persons from its mischievous effects. | 377
St. Bride's steeple.—Utility of electrical conductors to Steeples.—Singular kind of glass tube. | 382
Experiments, observations, and facts, tending to support the opinion of the utility of long pointed rods, for securing buildings from damage by strokes of lightning. | 383
On the utility of electrical conductors. | 400
On the effects of electricity in paralytic cases. | 401
Electrical experiments on amber. | 403
On the electricity of the fogs in Ireland. | 405
Mode of ascertaining, whether the power, giving a shock to those who touch either the Surinam eel, or the torpedo, be electrical. | 408
On the analogy between magnetism and electricity. | 410
Concerning the mode of rendering meat tender by electricity. | 413
Answer to some queries concerning the choice of glass for the Leyden experiment. | 416
Concerning the Leyden bottle. | 418
APPENDIX.
No. 1. Account of experiments made in electricity at Marly. | 420
A more particular account of the same, &c. | 422
Letter of Mr. W. Watson, F. R. S. to the Royal Society, concerning the electrical experiments in England upon thunder-clouds. | 427
No. 2. Remarks on the Abbé Nollet's Letters to Benjamin Franklin, Esq. of Philadelphia, on electricity. | 430

СПИСОК ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИЙ

PLATE I. | Electrical Experiments | facing page 182
PLATE II. | Electrical Air Thermometer | 336
PLATE III. | Cavendish Experiment | 348
PLATE IV. | Lightning Rod Experiments | 388

ПОЛНОЕ СОБРАНИЕ СОЧИНЕНИЙ ПОКОЙНОГО ДОКТОРА БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА

Впервые собранные и систематизированные: с мемуарами о его ранних годах, написанными им самим. В трех томах.

ТОМ II (из III)

CONTENTS

LETTERS AND PAPERS ON PHILOSOPHICAL SUBJECTS.
Physical and meteorological observations, conjectures and suppositions | 1
On water-spouts | 11
The same subject continued | 13
Water-spouts and whirlwinds compared | 19
Description of a water-spout at Antigua | 34
Shooting stars | 36
Water-spouts and whirlwinds | 37
Observations on the meteorological paper; by a gentleman in Connecticut | 45
Observations in answer to the foregoing, by B. Franklin | 49
Observations on the meteorological paper; sent by a gentleman in New York to B. Franklin | 51
Answer to the foregoing observations, by B. Franklin | 55
Gentleman of New York in reply | 58
Account of a whirlwind at Maryland | 61
On the north east storms in North America | 63
Meteorological imaginations and conjectures | 66
Suppositions and conjectures towards forming an hypothesis, for the explanation of the aurora borealis | 69
On cold produced by evaporation | 75
On the same subject | 83
Concerning the light in sea-water | 88
On the saltness of sea-water | 91
On the effect of air on the barometer, and the benefits derived from the study of insects | 92
On the Bristol waters, and the tide in rivers | 95
On the same subject | 102
Salt-water rendered fresh by distillation.—Method of relieving thirst by sea-water | 103
Tendency of rivers to the sea.—Effect of the sun's rays on cloth of different colours | 105
On the vis inertiÃ¦ of matter | 110
On the different strata of the earth | 116
On the theory of the earth | 117
New and curious theory of light and heat | 122
Queries and conjectures relating to magnetism and the theory of the earth | 125
On the nature of sea coal | 125
Effect of vegetation on noxious air | 129
On the inflammability of the surface of certain rivers in America | 130
On the different quantities of rain which fall at different heights over the same ground | 133
Slowly sensible hygrometer proposed, for certain purposes | 135
Curious instance of the effect of oil on water | 142
Letters on the stilling of waves by means of oil | 144
Extract of a letter from Mr. Tengnagel to Count Bentinck, dated at Batavia, the 5th of January, 1770 | 154
On the difference of navigation in shoal and deep water | 158
Sundry maritime observations | 162
Remarks upon the navigation from Newfoundland to New-York, in order to avoid the Gulph Stream on one hand, and on the other the shoals that lie to the southward of Nantucket and of St. George's Banks | 197
Observations of the warmth of the sea-water, &c. by Fahrenheit's Thermometer, in crossing the Gulph Stream; with other remarks made on board the Pensylvania packet, Capt. Osborne, bound from London to Philadelphia, in April and May, 1775 | 199
Observations of the warmth of the sea-water, &c. by Fahrenheit's thermometer; with other remarks made on board the Reprisal, Capt. Wycks, bound from Philadelphia to France, in October and November, 1776 | 200
A journal of a voyage from the Channel between France and England towards America | 202
On the art of swimming | 206
On the same subject, in answer to some enquiries of M. Dubourg | 210
On the free use of air | 213
On the causes of colds | 214
Dr. Stark, and Dr. Letsom | 215
Number of deaths in Philadelphia by inoculation | ibid
Answer to the preceding | 217
On the effects of lead upon the human constitution | 219
Observations on the prevailing doctrines of life and death | 222
An account of the new-invented Pensylvanian fire-places | 225
On the causes and cure of smoky chimneys | 256
Description of a new stove for burning of pitcoal, and consuming all its smoke | 296
Method of contracting chimneys.—Modesty in disputation | 317
Covering houses with copper | 318
On the same subject | 320
Paper referred to in the preceding letter | 322
Magical square of squares | 324
Magical circle | 328
New musical instrument composed of glasses | 330
Best mediums for conveying sound | 335
On the harmony and melody of the old Scotch tunes | 338
On the defects of modern music | 343
Description of the process to be observed in making large sheets of paper in the Chinese manner, with one smooth surface | 349
On modern innovations in the English language and in printing | 351
A scheme for a new alphabet and reformed mode of spelling; with remarks and examples concerning the same; and an enquiry into its uses, in a correspondence between Miss S—— and Dr. Franklin, written in the characters of the alphabet | 357
Rules for a club formerly established in Philadelphia | 366
Questions discussed by the Junto forming the preceding club | 369
Sketch of an English school; for the consideration of the trustees of the Philadelphia Academy | 370
Advice to youth in reading | 378
PAPERS ON SUBJECTS OF GENERAL POLITICS.
Observations concerning the increase of mankind, peopling of countries, &c | 383
Remarks on some of the foregoing observations, showing particularly the effect which manners have on population | 392
Plan by Messieurs Franklin and Dalrymple, for benefiting distant unprovided countries | 403
Concerning the provision made in China against famine | 407
Positions to be examined, concerning national wealth | 408
Political fragments, supposed either to be written by Dr. Franklin, or to contain sentiments nearly allied to his own | 411
On the price of corn, and management of the poor | 418
On luxury, idleness, and industry | 424
On smuggling, and its various species | 430
Observations on war | 435
Notes copied from Dr. Franklin's writing in pencil in the margin of Judge Foster's celebrated argument in favour of the impressing of seamen | 437
On the criminal laws, and the practice of privateering | 441
A parable against persecution, in imitation of scripture language | 450
A letter concerning persecution in former ages, the maintenance of the clergy, American bishops, and the state of toleration in Old England and New England compared | 452
On the slave trade | 459
Account of the highest court of judicature in Pensylvania, viz. The court of the press | 463

СПИСОК ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИЙ

PLATE V. | Water-Spouts | facing page 16
PLATE VI. | Maritime Observations | 163
PLATE VII. | A Chart of the Gulph Stream | 197
PLATE VIII. | Pensylvania Fire-Place | 235
PLATE VIII*. | Profile of the Pensylvania Chimnie | 238
PLATE IX. | Remedies for Smoky Chimnies | 269
PLATE X. | Stove for Burning Pit-Coal | 297
PLATE XI. | A Magic Square of Squares | 327
PLATE XII. | A Magic Circle of Circles | 328

ПОЛНОЕ СОБРАНИЕ СОЧИНЕНИЙ ПОКОЙНОГО ДОКТОРА БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА,

Впервые собранные и систематизированные: с мемуарами о его ранних годах, написанными им самим.

В ТРЕХ ТОМАХ

ТОМ III (из III)

CONTENTS

PAPERS ON AMERICAN SUBJECTS BEFORE THE REVOLUTIONARY TROUBLES.

| Page.

Albany papers; containing, I. reasons and motives on which the plan of union for the colonies was formed;—II. reasons against partial unions;—III. and the plan of union drawn by B. F. and unanimously agreed to by the commissioners from New Hampshire, Massachusett's Bay, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Maryland, and Pensylvania, met in congress at Albany, in July 1754, to consider of the best means of defending the king's dominions in America, &c. a war being then apprehended; with the reasons or motives for each article of the plan
3

Albany papers continued. I. letter to Governor Shirley, concerning the imposition of direct taxes upon the colonies, without their consent | 30
II. Letter to the same; concerning direct taxes in the colonies imposed without consent, indirect taxes, and the Albany plan of union | 31
III. Letter to the same, on the subject of uniting the colonies more intimately with Great Britain, by allowing them representatives in parliament | 37
Plan for settling two Western colonies in North America, with reasons for the plan, 1754 | 41
Report of the committee of aggrievances of the assembly of Pensylvania, dated Feb. 22, 1757 | 50
An historical review of the constitution and government of Pensylvania, from its origin; so far as regards the several points of controversy which have, from time to time, arisen between the several governors of that province, and their several assemblies. Founded on authentic documents | 59
The interest of Great Britain considered, with regard to her colonies, and the acquisitions of Canada and Guadaloupe | 89
Remarks and facts relative to the American paper-money | 144
To the freemen of Pensylvania, on the subject of a particular militia-bill, rejected by the proprietor's deputy or governor | 157

Preface by a member of the Pensylvanian assembly (Dr. Franklin) to the speech of Joseph Galloway, Esq. one of the members for Philadelphia county; in answer to the speech of John Dickinson, Esq. delivered in the house of the assembly of the province of Pensylvania, May 24, 1764, on occasion of a petition drawn up by order, and then under the consideration of the house, praying his majesty for a royal, in lieu of a proprietary government
163

Remarks on a late protest against the appointment of Mr. Franklin as agent for this province (of Pensylvania) | 203
Remarks on a plan for the future management of Indian affairs | 216
PAPERS ON AMERICAN SUBJECTS DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY TROUBLES.
Causes of the American discontents before 1768 | 225
Letter concerning the gratitude of America, and the probability and effects of an union with Great Britain; and concerning the repeal or suspension of the stamp act | 239
Letter from Governor Pownall to Dr. Franklin, concerning an equal communication of rights, privileges, &c. to America by Great Britain | 243
Minutes to the foregoing, by Dr. Franklin | 244
The examination of Dr. Franklin before the English house of commons, in February, 1766, relative to the repeal of the American stamp act | 245
Attempts of Dr. Franklin for conciliation of Great Britain with the colonies | 286
Queries from Mr. Strahan | 287
Answer to the preceding queries | 290
State of the constitution of the colonies, by Governor Pownall; with remarks by Dr. Franklin | 299
Concerning the dissentions between England and America | 310
A Prussian edict, assuming claims over Britain | 311
Preface by the British editor (Dr. Franklin) to "The votes and proceedings of the freeholders, and other inhabitants of the town of Boston, in town-meeting assembled according to law (published by order of the town), &c." | 317
Account of governor Hutchinson's letters | 322
Rules for reducing a great empire to a small one, presented to a late minister, when he entered upon his administration | 334
State of America on Dr. Franklin's arrival there | 346
Proposed vindication and offer from congress to parliament, in 1775 | 347
Reprobation of Mr. Strahan's parliamentary conduct | 354
Conciliation hopeless from the conduct of Great Britain to America | 355
Account of the first campaign made by the British forces in America | 357
Probability of a separation | 358
Letter to Monsieur Dumas, urging him to sound the several courts of Europe, by means of their ambassadors at the Hague, as to any assistance they may be disposed to afford America in her struggle for independence | 360
Letter from Lord Howe to Dr. Franklin | 365
Dr. Franklin's answer to Lord Howe | 367
Comparison of Great Britain and America as to credit, in 1777 | 372
PAPERS, DESCRIPTIVE OF AMERICA, OR RELATING TO THAT COUNTRY, WRITTEN SUBSEQUENT TO THE REVOLUTION.
Remarks concerning the savages of North America | 383
The internal state of America; being a true description of the interest and policy of that vast continent | 391
Information to those who would remove to America | 398
Concerning new settlements in America | 409
A comparison of the conduct of the ancient Jews, and of the Antifederalists in the United States of America | 410
Final speech of Dr. Franklin in the late federal convention | 416
PAPERS ON MORAL SUBJECTS AND THE ECONOMY OF LIFE.
The busy-body | 421
The way to wealth, as clearly shown in the preface of an old Pensylvania almanack, intitled, Poor Richard Improved | 453
Advice to a young tradesman | 463
Necessary hints to those that would be rich | 466
The way to make money plenty in every man's pocket | 467
New mode of lending money | 468
An economical project | 469
On early marriages | 475
Effect of early impressions on the mind | 478
The whistle | 480
A petition to those who have the superintendency of education | 483
The handsome and deformed leg | 485
Morals of chess | 488
The art of procuring pleasant dreams | 493
Dialogue between Franklin and the gout | 499
On the death of relatives | 507
The ephemera an emblem of human life | 508
APPENDIX, NO. I.—CONTAINING PAPERS PROPER FOR INSERTION, BUT OMITTED IN THE PRECEDING VOLUMES.
Letter to Sir Hans Sloane | 513
Letter to Michael Collinson, Esq. | 514
Letter respecting captain Cook | 515
An address to the public, from the Pensylvania society for promoting the abolition of slavery, and the relief of free negroes, unlawfully held in bondage | 517
Plan for improving the condition of the free blacks | 519
Paper: a poem | 523
Plain truth; or, serious considerations on the present state of the city of Philadelphia, and province of Pensylvania | 524
Four letters to Mr. Whetley | 543*
APPENDIX, NO. II.—CONTAINING LETTERS BY SEVERAL EMINENT PERSONS, ILLUSTRATIVE OF DR. FRANKLIN'S MANNERS AND CHARACTER.
Letter from the late Dr. Price to a gentleman in America | 543
Letter from Mr. Thomas Jefferson to the late Dr. William Smith, of Philadelphia | 545
Letter from the late Dr. Joseph Priestly | 547

МЕМУАРЫ БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА, НАПИСАННЫЕ ИМ САМИМ

С его наиболее интересными эссе, письмами и прочими сочинениями: житейскими, нравственными, политическими, экономическими и философскими.

В ДВУХ ТОМАХ.

ТОМ I (из II)

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ПЕРВОГО ТОМА

PART I.
| Page
Life of Dr. Franklin, written by himself | 13
PART II.
Letter from Mr. Abel James | 91
Letter from Mr. Benjamin Vaughan | 92
Continuation of Life, begun at Passy, near Paris, 1784 | 98
Memorandum | 115
PART III.
Life of Franklin, continued by Dr. Stuber | 191
Extracts from Franklin's Will | 227
WRITINGS OF FRANKLIN.
The Examination of Dr. Franklin before the British House of Commons, relative to the Repeal of the American Stamp-act | 237
Narrative of the Massacre of Friendly Indians in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1764 | 264
Introduction to Historical Review of the Constitution and Government of Pennsylvania | 282
Dr. Franklin's Motion for Prayers in the Convention at Philadelphia, 1787, to revise the then existing Articles of Confederation | 286

МЕМУАРЫ БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА, НАПИСАННЫЕ ИМ САМИМ.

С его наиболее интересными эссе, письмами и прочими сочинениями: житейскими, нравственными, политическими, экономическими и философскими.

В ДВУХ ТОМАХ

ТОМ II (из II)

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ВТОРОГО ТОМА

ЭССЕ

| Page
The Way to Wealth; as clearly shown in the practice of an old Pennsylvania Almanac, entitled, "Poor Richard Improved" | 5
On True Happiness | 14
Public Men | 16
The Waste of Life | 22
Self-denial not the Essence of Virtue | 25
On the Usefulness of the Mathematics | 27
The Art of procuring Pleasant Dreams | 31
Advice to a young Tradesman | 37
Rules of Health | 39
The Ephemera; an Emblem of Human Life. To Madame Brillon, of Passy | 40
The Whistle. To Madame Brillon | 42
On Luxury, Idleness, and Industry | 45
On Truth and Falsehood | 50
Necessary Hints to those that would be Rich | 53
The Way to make Money plenty in every Man's Pocket | 54
The Handsome and Deformed Leg | 55
On Human Vanity | 58
On Smuggling, and its various Species | 62
Remarks concerning the Savages of North America | 66
On Freedom of Speech and the Press | 71
On the Price of Corn and the Management of the Poor | 82
Singular Custom among the Americans, entitled Whitewashing | 86
On the Criminal Laws and the Practice of Privateering | 94
Letter from Anthony Afterwit | 102

ПИСЬМА

To Mrs. Abiah Franklin | 107
To Miss Jane Franklin | 108
To the same | 109
To Mr. George Whitefield | 110
To Mrs. D. Franklin | 112
To the same | 113
To Mrs. Jane Mecom | 114
To the same | 115
To the same | 116
To Miss Stevenson | 119
To Lord Kames | 120
To the same | 121
To the same | 128
To John Alleyne | 130
To Governor Franklin | 132
To Dr. Priestley | 134
To the same | 136
To Mr. Mather | 137
To Mr. Strahan | 138
To Dr. Priestley | 138
To Mrs. Thompson | 139
To Mr. Lith | 142
Answer to a Letter from Brussels | 144
To Dr. Price | 151
To Dr. Priestley | 152
To General Washington | 154
To M. Court de Gebelin | 156
To Francis Hopkinson | 158
To Francis Hopkinson | 159
To Samuel Huntingdon, President of Congress | 160
To the Bishop of St. Asaph | 162
To Miss Alexander | 163
To Benjamin Vaughan | 164
To Mrs. Hewson | 166
To David Hartley | 167
To Dr. Percival | 168
To Sir Joseph Banks | 169
To Robert Morris, Esq. | 171
To Dr. Mather | 172
To William Strahan, M.P. | 174
To George Wheatley | 178
To David Hartley | 181
To the Bishop of St. Asaph | 181
To Mrs. Hewson | 184
To M. Veillard | 185
To Mr. Jordain | 187
To Miss Hubbard | 189
To George Wheatley | 190
To B. Vaughan | 192
To the President of Congress | 193
To Mrs. Green | 196
To Dr. Price | 197
To B. Vaughan | 198
To Dr. Rush | 199
To Miss Catharine Louisa Shipley | 199
To * * * | 200
Copy of the last Letter written by Dr. Franklin | 201

ФИЛОСОФСКИЕ ТЕМЫ

To the Abbé Soulavie.—Theory of the Earth | 203
To Dr. John Pringle.—On the different Strata of the Earth | 207
To Mr. Bowdoin.—Queries and Conjectures relating to Magnetism and the Theory of the Earth | 208
To M. Dubourg.—On the Nature of Seacoal | 211
Causes of Earthquakes | 212
To David Rittenhouse.—New and Curious Theory of Light and Heat | 224
Of Lightning; and the Methods now used in America for the securing Buildings and Persons from its mischievous Effects | 227
To Peter Collinson.—Electrical Kite | 231
Physical and Meteorological Observations, Conjectures, and Suppositions | 232
To Dr. Perkins.—Water-spouts and Whirlwinds compared | 240
To Alexander Small.—On the Northeast Storms in North America | 254
To Dr. Lining.—On Cold produced by Evaporation | 256
To Peter Franklin.—On the Saltness of Seawater | 263
To Miss Stephenson.—Salt Water rendered fresh by Distillation.—Method of relieving Thirst by Seawater | 264
To the same.—Tendency of Rivers to the Sea.—Effects of the Sun's Rays on Cloths of different Colours | 266
To the same.—On the Effect of Air on the Barometer, and the Benefits derived from the Study of Insects | 270
To Dr. Joseph Priestley.—Effect of Vegetation on Noxious Air | 273
To Dr. John Pringle.—On the Difference of Navigation in Shoal and Deep Water | 274
To Oliver Neale.—On the Art of Swimming | 277
To Miss Stephenson.—Method of contracting Chimneys.—Modesty in Disputation | 281
To M. Dubourg.—Observations on the prevailing Doctrines of Life and Death | 282
Lord Brougham's Portrait of Dr. Franklin | 285

А В Т О Б И О Г Р А Ф И Я Б Е Н Д Ж А М И Н А Ф Р А Н К Л И Н А

С иллюстрациями Э. Бойда Смита

CONTENTS

Introduction | vii
The Autobiography | 1

I. | Происхождение и ранние годы жизни в Бостоне | 3
II. | Начало работы печатником | 21
III. | Прибытие в Филадельфию | 41
IV. | Первый визит в Бостон | 55
V. | Первые друзья в Филадельфии | 69
VI. | Первый визит в Лондон | 77
VII. | Начало собственного дела в Филадельфии | 99
VIII. | Успех в делах и первая общественная деятельность | 126
IX. | План достижения нравственного совершенства | 146
X. | «Альманах бедного Ричарда» и другая деятельность | 169
XI. | Интерес к общественным делам | 188
XII. | Оборона провинции | 201
XIII. | Общественные услуги и обязанности | 217
XIV. | Олбанский план союза | 241
XV. | Разногласия с губернаторами-собственниками | 246
XVI. | Экспедиция Брэддока | 253
XVII. | Организация Франклином обороны границы | 274
XVIII. | Научные эксперименты | 289
XIX. | Представитель Пенсильвании в Лондоне | 296

Appendix |

| Электрический змей | 327
| Путь к богатству | 331
| Свисток | 336
| Письмо Сэмюэлу Мэзеру | 340

Bibliography |  | 343

ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИИ

Франклин при дворе Людовика XVI | Фронтиспис

| Страница
Портрет Франклина | vii
Страницы 1 и 4 «Пенсильванской газеты», номер XL, первый номер после того, как Франклин взял управление в свои руки | xxi
First page of The New England Courant of December 4-11, 1721 | 33
«Мне поручили разносить газеты по улицам заказчикам» | 36
«Она, стоя у двери, увидела меня и подумала, что я выгляжу — как это было на самом деле — крайне нелепо и смешно» | 48
«Я принялся работать у печатного станка» | 88
«Я до сих пор вижу его за работой, когда возвращаюсь домой из клуба» | 120
Две страницы из «Альманаха бедного Ричарда» за 1736 год | 171
«Я исправно нес там службу как рядовой солдат» | 204
«Вечером, услышав сильный шум, комиссары вышли посмотреть, в чем дело» | 224
«Наши топоры... были немедленно пущены в ход, чтобы валить деревья» | 278
«Теперь мы казались очень далекими друг от друга в своих мнениях, настолько, что это лишало всякой надежды на согласие» | 318
«Вы увидите, как она обильно потечет с ключа, стоит вам поднести к нему костяшку пальца» | 328
Отец Авраам в своем кабинете | 330

БЕНДЖАМИН ФРАНКЛИН

Избранные произведения с введением, библиографией и примечаниями

Фрэнк Лютер Мотт

CONTENTS

I. | Franklin's Milieu: The Age of Enlightenment, xiii
II. | Franklin's Theories of Education, xxxii
III. | Franklin's Literary Theory and Practice, xlvi
IV. | Franklin as Printer and Journalist, lvii
V. | Franklin's Economic Views, lxiv
VI. | Franklin's Political Theories, lxxxii
VII. | Franklin as Scientist and Deist, cx

Chronological Table, cxlii

Selected Bibliography

I. | Works, cli
II. | Collections and Reprints, cliii
III. | Biographies, clv
IV. | Biographical and Critical Studies, clviii
V. | The Age of Franklin, clxxiv
VI. | Bibliographies and Check Lists, clxxxvi

From the Autobiography, 3

Dogood Papers, No. I (1722), 96

Dogood Papers, No. IV (1722), 98

Dogood Papers, No. V (1722), 102

Dogood Papers, No. VII (1722), 105

Dogood Papers, No. XII (1722), 109

Editorial Preface to the New England Courant (1723), 111

A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain (1725), 114

Rules for a Club Established for Mutual Improvement (1728), 128

Articles of Belief and Acts of Religion (1728), 130

The Busy-Body, No. 1 (1728/9), 137

The Busy-Body, No. 2 (1728/9), 139

The Busy-Body, No. 3 (1728/9), 141

The Busy-Body, No. 4 (1728/9), 145

Preface to the Pennsylvania Gazette (1729), 150

A Dialogue between Philocles and Horatio (1730), 152

A Second Dialogue between Philocles and Horatio (1730), 156

A Witch Trial at Mount Holly (1730), 161

An Apology for Printers (1731), 163

Preface to Poor Richard (1733), 169

A Meditation on a Quart Mugg (1733), 170

Preface to Poor Richard (1734), 172

Preface to Poor Richard (1735), 174

Hints for Those That Would Be Rich (1736), 176

To Josiah Franklin (April 13, 1738), 177

Preface to Poor Richard (1739), 179

A Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge among the British Plantations in America (1743), 180

Shavers and Trimmers (1743), 183

To the Publick (1743), 186

Preface to Logan's Translation of "Cato Major" (1743/4), 187

To John Franklin, at Boston (March 10, 1745), 188

Preface to Poor Richard (1746), 189

The Speech of Polly Baker (1747), 190

Preface to Poor Richard (1747), 193

To Peter Collinson (August 14, 1747), 194

Preface to Poor Richard Improved (1748), 195

Advice to a Young Tradesman (1748), 196

To George Whitefield (July 6, 1749), 198

Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pensilvania (1749), 199

Idea of the English School (1751), 206

To Cadwallader Colden Esq., at New York (1751), 213

Exporting of Felons to the Colonies (1751), 214

Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, Etc. (1751), 216

To Peter Collinson (October 19, 1752), 223

Poor Richard Improved (1753)—facsimile reproduction, 225

To Joseph Huey (June 6, 1753), 261

Three Letters to Governor Shirley (1754), 263

To Miss Catherine Ray, at Block Island (March 4, 1755), 270

To Peter Collinson (August 25, 1755), 272

To Miss Catherine Ray (September 11, 1755), 274

To Miss Catherine Ray (October 16, 1755), 277

To Mrs. Jane Mecom (February 12, 1756), 278

To Miss E. Hubbard (February 23, 1756), 278

To Rev. George Whitefield (July 2, 1756), 279

The Way to Wealth (1758), 280

To Hugh Roberts (September 16, 1758), 289

To Mrs. Jane Mecom (September 16, 1758), 291

To Lord Kames (May 3, 1760), 293

To Miss Mary Stevenson (June 11, 1760), 295

To Mrs. Deborah Franklin (June 27, 1760), 298

To Jared Ingersoll (December 11, 1762), 300

To Miss Mary Stevenson (March 25, 1763), 301

To John Fothergill, M.D. (March 14, 1764), 304

To Sarah Franklin (November 8, 1764), 307

From A Narrative of the Late Massacres in Lancaster County (1764), 308

To the Editor of a Newspaper (May 20, 1765), 315

To Lord Kames (June 2, 1765), 318

Letter Concerning the Gratitude of America (January 6, 1766), 321

To Lord Kames (April 11, 1767), 325

To Miss Mary Stevenson (September 14, 1767), 330

On the Labouring Poor (1768), 336

To Dupont de Nemours (July 28, 1768), 340

To John Alleyne (August 9, 1768), 341

To the Printer of the London Chronicle (August 18, 1768), 343

Positions to be Examined, Concerning National Wealth (1769), 345

To Miss Mary Stevenson (September 2, 1769), 347

To Joseph Priestley (September 19, 1772), 348

To Miss Georgiana Shipley (September 26, 1772), 349

To Peter Franklin (undated), 351

On the Price of Corn, and Management of the Poor (undated), 355

An Edict by the King of Prussia (1773), 358

Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One (1773), 363

To William Franklin (October 6, 1773), 371

Preface to "An Abridgment of the Book of Common Prayer" (1773), 374

A Parable against Persecution, 379

A Parable on Brotherly Love, 380

To William Strahan (July 5, 1775), 381

To Joseph Priestley (July 7, 1775), 382

To a Friend in England (October 3, 1775), 383

To Lord Howe (July 30, 1776), 384

The Sale of the Hessians (1777), 387

Model of a Letter of Recommendation (April 2, 1777), 389

To —— (October 4, 1777), 390

To David Hartley (October 14, 1777), 390

A Dialogue between Britain, France, Spain, Holland, Saxony and America, 394

To Charles de Weissenstein (July 1, 1778), 397

The Ephemera (1778), 402

To Richard Bache (June 2, 1779), 404

Morals of Chess (1779), 406

To Benjamin Vaughan (November 9, 1779), 410

The Whistle (1779), 412

The Lord's Prayer (1779?), 414

The LevÃ©e (1779?), 417

Proposed New Version of the Bible (1779?), 419

To Joseph Priestley (February 8, 1780), 420

To George Washington (March 5, 1780), 421

To Miss Georgiana Shipley (October 8, 1780), 422

To Richard Price (October 9, 1780), 423

Dialogue between Franklin and the Gout (1780), 424

The Handsome and Deformed Leg (1780?), 430

To Miss Georgiana Shipley (undated), 432

To David Hartley (December 15, 1781), 434

Supplement to the Boston Independent Chronicle (1782), 434

To John Thornton (May 8, 1782), 443

To Joseph Priestley (June 7, 1782), 443

To Jonathan Shipley (June 10, 1782), 445

To James Hutton (July 7, 1782), 447

To Sir Joseph Banks (September 9, 1782), 448

Information to Those Who Would Remove to America (1782?), 449

Apologue (1783?), 458

To Sir Joseph Banks (July 27, 1783), 459

To Mrs. Sarah Bache (January 26, 1784), 460

An Economical Project (1784?), 466

To Samuel Mather (May 12, 1784), 471

To Benjamin Vaughan (July 26, 1784), 472

To George Whately (May 23, 1785), 479

To John Bard and Mrs. Bard (November 14, 1785), 481

To Jonathan Shipley (February 24, 1786), 481

To —— (July 3, 1786?), 484

Speech in the Convention; On the Subject of Salaries (1787), 486

Motion for Prayers in the Convention (1787), 489

Speech in the Convention at the Conclusion of Its Deliberations (1787), 491

To the Editors of the Pennsylvania Gazette (1788), 493

To Rev. John Lathrop (May 31, 1788), 496

To the Editor of the Federal Gazette (1788?), 496

To Charles Carroll (May 25, 1789), 500

An Account of the Supremest Court of Judicature in Pennsylvania, viz. the Court of the Press (1789), 501

An Address to the Public (1789), 505

To David Hartley (December 4, 1789), 506

To Ezra Stiles (March 9, 1790), 507

On the Slave-Trade (1790), 510

Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America, 513

An Arabian Tale, 519

A Petition of the Left Hand (date unknown), 520

Some Good Whig Principles (date unknown), 521

The Art of Procuring Pleasant Dreams, 523

Notes, 529

back