Nuclear plate, 187.
Nuclei, behaviour during fission, 118, 188;
connection of heredity with fusion of, 178;
influence of, 184;
influence in regeneration, 185;
nutrition of, 187.
Nucleoplasm, 179, 185, 191, 227;
histogenetic, 213;
ovogenetic, 213, 230, 243;
spermogenetic, 220, 243.
Nussbaum, on heredity, 172, 195, 206;
on regeneration amongst Infusoria, 185, 200.
Obelia, origin of germ-cells of, 208.
Obersteiner, on inheritance of epilepsy in guinea pigs, 311, 313.
Ophiostomum, karyokinesis in ovum of, 368.
Orgyia, 44.
Orth, on the transmission of acquired characters, 411.
Orthonectides, 120, 126;
figure of, 127;
degeneracy of, 130, 131, 141, 152.
Orthoptera, duration of life of, 39.
Ostracodes, parthenogenesis of, 294, 325;
polar bodies of, 350.
Otostoma Carteri, fission of, 148.
Palingenia, sub-imago stage of, 19, 40.
Paludinidae, length of life of, 56.
Pandorina, 202, 248;
figure of, 203.
Pangenesis, theory of, 77, 165, 166, 193, 316, 327.
Panmixia, principle of, 90, 140, 291, 430.
Papaver, production of double flowers of, 408.
Paranucleus, 376;
of the sperm-cell, 221.
Parrots, length of life of, 36.
Parthenogenesis, the origin of, 225, 290, 323, 339;
not ancestral, 228;
of bees, 235;
partial, 238;
explanation of, 243;
male, 247;
of Cynips, 273;
not perpetual, 283, 285.
Pasimachus, length of life of, 48.
Pemphigus terebinthi, length of life of, 41.
Petromyzon, impregnation of, 175, 247;
polar bodies of, 218.
Pfeffer, on chemical attraction of oosphere, 247.
Pfitzner, on nuclear division, 187.
Pflüger, on heredity, 70, 175, 355;
on the inheritance of acquired characters, 81, 390, 422;
on isotropism of the ovum, 176.
Phanerogams, fertilization of, 178, 247;
development of pollen grains of, 222.
Pheasant, the length of life of the golden, 36.
Philodina, polar bodies of, 350.
Phryganea grandis, 41.
Phylloxera vastatrix, length of life of, 41;
unequal length of life in two sexes of, 58;
parthenogenesis of, 294.
Pieris napi, length of life of, 44.
Pig, length of life of, 6.
Pigeon, length of life of, 36;
cross-breeding of, 332.
Pike, length of life of, 6.
Pisidium, length of life of, 56.
Planorbis, length of life of, 56.
Plants, duration of life of, 32, 65.
Polar bodies, 188, 218, 245;
the significance of, 212, 225, 339;
of Sponges, 217;
in parthenogenetic eggs, 249, 345, 383;
of Rabbit, 339;
number of, 346;
significance of second, 353, 362;
in plants, 377.
Pole-cells, of Diptera, 197.
Polistes gallica, ‘workers’ of, 53;
length of life of males and females, 54.
Pollen-grains, 222.
Polyphemus, spermatozoa of, 176;
summer eggs of, 239;
polar bodies of, 345.
Polyplastides, definition of, 120, 122, 125, 159;
development of, 152.
Polyzoa, length of life of, 57.
Poulton, on colours of caterpillars, 394;
on cats with supernumerary toes, 426.
Proteus, 87.
Protomyxa aurantiaca, 149.
Protozoa, development amongst, 150;
conjugation of, 287.
Psorosperms, 150.
Psychidae, length of life of, 16, 44, 45, 157;
deposition of eggs of, 18;
death of female, 63, 132;
parthenogenesis of, 293.
Pulex irritans, length of life of, 42.
Pupa, length of life of, 55.
Rabbit, polar bodies of, 339.
Rauber, on heredity, 172.
Ravens, length of life of, 36.
Regeneration of lost parts, 65;
in Infusoria, 185.
Rejuvenescence, 112, 116, 124, 132, 153, 283.
Reproduction, original form of, 122;
effect of monogonic, 273, 275;
amphigonic, 279, 281, 287.
Reproductive cells, 27, 28, 111.
Rhodites rosae, parthenogenesis of, 325.
Richter, on inheritance of acquired characters, 438.
Robin, on pole-cells of Diptera, 197.
Rolph, on conjugation, 286.
Romanes, on correlation, 389.
Roth, on heredity, 166, 169.
Rotifera, unequal length of life in two sexes of, 58;
polar bodies of, 350.
Roule, on origin of ova, 222.
Roux, on the struggle of the parts in the organism, 87, 100;
on development in altered conditions, 177;
on forces controlling nuclear division, 231, 361;
on karyokinesis, 359.
Rudimentary organs, 88;
disappearance of, 291;
not found in parthenogenetic forms, 293.
Rumia Crataegata, 394.
Sachs, on reproduction in Mosses, 212;
on venation, 260, 310;
on shoots of climbing Ivy, 393, 399.
Sagitta, segmentation of egg of, 74, 199.
Saperda carcharias, length of life of imago of, 47.
Sarcophaga carnaria, length of life of, 42.
Saturnia pyri, length of life of, 45;
S. carpini, cocoon of; 94.
Saturnidae, habits of, 44.
Saw-flies, ancestors of bees and wasps, 19;
length of life of imago of, 49, 59.
Schmidt, on malformations of the ear, 440.
Schneider, on instincts of perception, 92, 94.
Schultze, on polar bodies of Amphibia, 340, 352.
Scytosiphon, male parthenogenesis in, 247.
Sea-gulls’ eggs, 38.
Senility, 20, 21, 32, 157.
Sexes, unequal length of life in the two, 58.
Sheep, length of life of, 14.
Sida, spermatozoa of, 176;
absorption of ova in, 239.
Siebold, von, on development of Bees, 235.
Siphonophora, origin of germ-cells of, 202.
Sirenia, 261.
Sirex, length of larval life of, 15.
Smerinthus tiliae, length of life of imago of, 45;
ocellatus, 395.
Solenobia triquetrella, length of life of female of, 45;
death of parthenogenetic forms of, 64, 293.
Solidago, time of flowering changed, 415.
Soma, 122, 125, 130, 140, 144, 154, 155.
Somatic cells, 27, 28, 75, 111, 145, 158.
Somatogenic characters, 412.
Somatoplasm, 104, 180.
Spathegaster, 49.
Spencer, Herbert, on relation of absorbing surface to size of animal, 7;
on influence of diminished nutrition, 241;
on correlation, 389.
Spirogyra, on cell-division in, 216.
Sponges, polar bodies of, 217.
Spontaneous generation, 34.
Sprengel, on colours in flowers, 308.
Squirrel, length of life of, 14.
Stahl, on protective structures in plants, 260.
Strasburger, on fertilization of Phanerogams, 178, 340, 355;
on cyto-idioplasm, 181;
on influence of nuclei, 184;
on identity of daughter nuclei, 187;
on nuclei of sexual-cells, 200, 215, 246;
on transmission of germ-plasm, 209;
on cell-division in Spirogyra, 216;
on development of pollen-grains, 222;
on parthenogenesis, 237;
on direction of growth of pollen-tube, 247;
on heredity, 354, 369, 369;
on polar bodies in plants, 377.
Strepsiptera, length of life of, 41;
unequal length of life in two sexes, 58, 59.
Succineae, length of life of, 55.
Swans, length of life of, 37.
Tagetes, production of double flowers of, 408.
Talents, transmission of, 95; nature of, 96.
Tape-worms, 133, 155.
Termites, duration of life of, 18, 40.
Terns’ eggs, 38.
Thuja, dorso-ventral structure of shoots of, 391, 396.
Tillina magna, 118, 148.
Toad, length of life of, 6.
Transmission of acquired characters, 73, 80, 169, 267, 407, 411;
want of evidence of the, 81;
unnecessary for the theory of evolution, 83;
unproved, 105, 142;
amongst Protozoa, 278;
supposed botanical proofs of, 387.
Trematodes, parasitic in Mollusca, 57, 131, 133.
Trichodinidae, conjugation of, 287.
Trichoplax adhaerens, 141.
Tridacna gigas, length of life of, 56.
Trinchese, on polar bodies, 189, 224.
Tropaeolum, two kinds of leaves of, 396.
Turkey, the length of life of, 36.
Twins, 380.
Unicellular organisms, immortality of, 25, 27.
Unio, length of life of, 56, 57.
Valaoritis, on origin of germ-cells, 195;
on physiological value of, 246.
Vanessa cardui, length of life of, 43;
V. prorsa, 44;
V. urticae, 44;
V. levana, deposition of eggs of, 94.
Variations, always present, 101.
Ventral canal cell, 223.
Vertebrata, late origin of reproductive cells in, 74.
Vespa, 53.
Viola calcarata, fertilization of, 310;
tricolor, 414.
Vitrinae, length of life of, 55.
Volvocineae, 202, 248.
Volvox, 204, 248.
Vorticellidae, conjugation of buds of, 287.
Vultures, length of life of, 11, 37.
Wallace, on constancy of number of individuals in successive generations, 12;
on production of death by natural selection, 23.
Wasps, duration of life of male and female, 18, 53;
loss of embryonic limbs in development of larva of, 89.
Westphal, on epilepsy in guinea-pigs, 314.
Whales, length of life of, 6; adaptation in, 261.
White mice, experiments in the transmission of mutilations on, 431.
Will, on origin of ova, 222.
Wolff, on theory of epigenesis, 316.
Zacharias, on the inheritance of mutilations, 426.
КОНЕЦ.
Примечания транскриптора:
Сноски были собраны в конце каждого эссе и приложений к каждому эссе.
На странице 198 формула (1/p) должна, вероятно, быть (1/pn).
Очевидные опечатки были исправлены. Любые несоответствия в написании были оставлены.
«Примечания» (Notes), как они используются в этом томе, часто означают то же самое, что и сноски. Приложение к эссе I содержит «Примечания», как они используются в этом эссе. В сносках к Приложению к эссе I одна заметка ссылается на заметку на другой странице, которая была собрана со всеми другими заметками. Упомянутая заметка обозначена локальной заметкой в фигурных скобках.
In the footnotes for Essay VII this
“See ‘Nature,’ vol. 36, pp. 491-407.—E. B. P.”
was changed to
“See ‘Nature,’ vol. 36, pp. 491-507.—E. B. P.”
on supposition of a typo.
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Essays upon Heredity and Kindred Biological Problems, translated into English, by August Weismann