«История евреев. Том 6»

protected during the Black Death persecutions, 4, 106, 108.

banished, 4, 227, 413.

Columbus, aided by Joseph Vecinho, 4, 368.

Comet, a, orbit of, calculated by Joshua ben Chananya, 2, 349.

Comino, the isle of, Abraham Abulafia on 4, 8.

“Commentary,” Talmudical work by Rashi, 3, 288.

Commerce, under Uzziah, 1, 230.

pursued by Alexandrian Judæans, 1, 504.

under the Herodians, 2, 118.

between Jews and Christians forbidden, 2, 620; 4, 203, 216.

among the Jews of the Frankish and Burgundian kingdoms, 3, 35.

in the hands of Jews in the eighth century, 3, 142–3.

international, in the hands of Jews, 3, 162.

in the hands of the Jews under the Saxon emperors, 3, 242–3.

the, of southern France, carried on by Jews, 3, 391.

the, of Venice, in the fifteenth century, 4, 285.

of the Turkish Jews, 4, 401.

of the Jews in Poland, 4, 419.

capacity for, an argument for the admission of Jews into England, 5, 40–1.

the, of the Jews, described by Simone Luzzatto, 5, 82–3.

stagnation of, during the Sabbatian movement, 5, 149.

forbidden partly to the Jews of Alsace, 5, 348.

the, of Jews under the Napoleonic law, 5, 524–5.

Commercial Hall, meeting place of the Synhedrion in Bethany, 2, 239.

Commodus, emperor, profligacy of, 2, 447.

death of, 2, 448, 463.

“Communities of the Friends of Light,” Protestant societies, 5, 682, 683.

“Compositions,” grammatical work by Yizchaki, 3, 273.

“Concerning the Jews and their Lies,” by Luther, 4, 548–9.

“Concerning the superstitions of the Jews,” letter addressed to Louis the Pious, 3, 167–8.

Conciliador, the, by Manasseh ben Israel, translated, 5, 22.

Concordance of the Bible, by Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymos, 4, 234–5.

Condottieri, Italian mercenaries, 4, 286.

Confederation War, the, Jews suffer during, 5, 387–8.

Confession of Faith, the, recital of, forbidden, 3, 15.

Confessional, the, discussed by the Jews of France, 3, 343.

“Confessions,” by Heine, 5, 553–5.

Confirmation, the rite of, introduced into German Jewish communities, 5, 562, 573.

Confiscation and burning, the, of Hebrew books, by the Dominicans, 3, 542–3.

by Gregory IX, 3, 574–6, 578–9.

by Pfefferkorn, 4, 429–31, 437–8, 441, 444.

under Julius III, 4, 565.

under Paul IV, 4, 567, 583, 584–5.

under Pius V, 4, 590.

under Gregory XIII, 4, 654.

at Kamieniec, 5, 282.

См. также под заголовком Талмуд.

“Conflict of Duties, the, Letter on,” by Solomon Duran I, 4, 238.

Conforte, David, itinerant rabbi and historian, 5, 202.

Конгресс. См. Ахен; Раштатт; Вена.

Кония. См. Йехояхин.

Conrad III, emperor, protects the Jews during the second crusade, 3, 351, 416.

joins the second crusade, 3, 353, 354.

Conrad of Wintertur, exculpates the Jews from the charge of well poisoning, 4, 106, 108.

Consistorial organization, in France, approved by Napoleon, 5, 498.

established in Westphalia, 5, 501–2.

“Consolation for the Sorrows of Israel,” by Samuel Usque, 4, 558–61.

Constance, the Council of, and Benedict XIII, 4, 212, 216.

condemns Ferrer, 4, 217.

anarchy during, 4, 218.

elects Martin V pope, 4, 219.

condemns John Huss to death, 4, 221.

expenses of, borne by the Jews, 4, 248.

Constance (Costnitz), the Jews of, charged with well poisoning, 4, 105.

wait on Martin V, 4, 219.

Constance (lake), the cities on, the Jews of, charged with well poisoning, 4, 105.

Constantia, queen-mother, contends for the regency in Castile, 4, 52.

Constantine I, emperor, puts Judaism on an equality with Christianity, 2, 561.

under the influence of Christianity, 2, 561–2.

abolishes the privileges of the Jews, 2, 563; 5, 725.

closes Jerusalem to the Jews, 2, 564; 3, 11–12.

protects the Jews against apostates, 2, 564.

anti-Jewish restrictions of, revived, 3, 23, 171.

Constantine VIII (944–949), Byzantine emperor, and Abdul-Rahman III, 3, 218.

Constantine, African town, refuge for Spanish Jews, 4, 197.

Constantine Dragosses, last Byzantine emperor, 4, 267.

Constantinople, the Temple vessels in, 3, 26–7.

Karaite center, 4, 69, 71, 269.

fall of, 4, 267.

Spanish spoken at, by the exiles, 4, 388.

the Spanish exiles in, 4, 402–4.

the Mendes-Nassi family in, 4, 577.

rabbis of, advise the diversion of Jewish trade from Ancona, 4, 580.

rabbis of, excommunicate Daud, 4, 599.

description of, by Moses Almosnino, 4, 608.

Joseph Delmedigo at, 5, 76.

Sabbataï Zevi at, 5, 145–8.

effect of Sabbataï’s apostasy in, 5, 157.

Sabbatians excommunicated in, 5, 157, 159.

Sabbataï Zevi banished to, 5, 166.

Cardoso at, 5, 207.

Chayim Malach banished from, 5, 214.

Chayon at, 5, 227–8.

rabbis of, espouse the cause of Eibeschütz, 5, 264.

a rabbi of, accused of using human blood, 5, 640.

revision of the Rhodes trial at, 5, 647.

Constantinople, the Jews of, inhabit a separate quarter, 3, 26.

expelled, 3, 26.

in the twelfth century, 3, 425.

divided into national groups, 4, 402, 478.

taxed, 4, 402.

have a political representative, 4, 404.

collect a ransom for Polish-Jewish captives, 5, 8.

appeal to the European Jews, 5, 651.

Constantius, emperor, influence of, on the Church, 2, 566.

teachers of the Law banished from Judæa under, 2, 566–7.

hostile to the Jews, 2, 567–8.

founder of the Christian state, 2, 568.

re-enacts Hadrian’s edicts against the Jews, 2, 571.

makes Julian co-emperor, 2, 595.

law of, with regard to the slaves of Jews revived, 2, 615.

law of, concerning the Patriarchs re-enacted, 2, 616.

Constitutio Judæorum, issued by Innocent III, 3, 497.

Constitution of the Directory, the, recognizes the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 452.

Constitution, the French, ratified by Louis XVI, 5, 447.

“Constitutions, The,” code of the Inquisition compiled by Torquemada, 4, 326–8.

introduced into Portugal, 4, 508.

Conti, Vincent, prints the Zohar, 4, 583.

Contra-Remonstrants, the, a Dutch sect, 4, 673.

“Contrasts and Greatness of Constantinople,” by Moses Almosnino, 4, 608.

Controversial literature, in Spain in the fifteenth century, 4, 232–8.

См. также Полемические сочинения против христианства.

“Conversations and Recollections,” by Moses Ibn-Ezra, 3, 320.

Conversion, the, of the Himyarites, 3, 56.

Conversion, the, of the Jews to Christianity, promoted by Constantine, 2, 562, 564.

desired by Theodoric, 3, 29–30.

hoped by Bernard of Clairvaux, 3, 353.

means used for, by Raymond de Penyaforte, 3, 520.

encouraged by Louis IX, 3, 570.

projected by Benedict XIII, 4, 206–7.

designed by the Council of Basle, 4, 245–6.

attempted in Ratisbon, 4, 301.

measures for, devised by Pfefferkorn, 4, 425–6.

unpopular, 4, 426–7.

measures for, devised by Gregory XIII, 4, 654–5, 706.

hoped for by Cromwell, 5, 43.

agitated by Charles XI of Sweden, 5, 182.

agitated by Wagenseil, 5, 186.

urged by Rühs, 5, 517.

См. также Вероотступничество; Вероотступники.

Conversion, the forced, of Jews to Christianity, objected to by Gregory I, 3, 33.

objected to by Henry IV, 3, 298.

forbidden by the third Lateran Council, 3, 421.

deprecated by Gregory IX, 3, 570.

deprecated by Gregory X, 3, 635.

advised by Duns Scotus, 3, 644; 4, 277.

forbidden by Clement VI, 4, 103, 173.

deprecated by Innocent IV, 4, 165.

forbidden by Boniface IX, 4, 173.

deprecated by Martin V, 4, 220.

advocated by John of Capistrano, 4, 277.

condemned by Ferdinand Coutinho, 4, 375.

attempted by Manoel of Portugal, 4, 377.

objected to by Paul III, 4, 517–18.

См. также Марраны.

Conversions, forced, of Jews to Christianity, in Magona, 2, 619–20.

in Clermont, 3, 38–9.

under Chilperic, 3, 39.

under Sisebut, 3, 48, 49–50.

under Chintila, 3, 51–2, 101.

under Receswinth, 3, 102–4.

under Erwig, 3, 106–7.

under Leo the Isaurian, 3, 122–3.

under Basilius, 3, 176.

in Mayence, 3, 246, 303.

in Treves, 3, 300.

in Worms, 3, 301–2.

in Bohemia, 3, 305, 356.

in Blois, 3, 380.

in France, 3, 403, 570; 4, 48, 56.

in Toulouse, 3, 514.

during the Rindfleisch persecution, 4, 36.

in Speyer, 4, 107.

in Strasburg, 4, 108.

in Hungary, 4, 111.

in Castile, 4, 126, 137, 205.

in Seville, 4, 169.

in Cordova, 4, 169.

in Toledo, 4, 170.

in Valencia, 4, 171.

in Gerona, Barcelona, and Lerida, 4, 172.

in Aragon, 4, 206, 214.

in Austria, 4, 224.

in Palma, 4, 247.

in Bavaria, 4, 254.

of children in Breslau, 4, 262.

in Trent, 4, 298.

in Spain at the expulsion, 4, 351.

in Navarre, 4, 358.

in Genoa, 4, 363.

in Malaga, 4, 370.

of children at San Thomas, 4, 371.

in Portugal, 4, 374, 375–6, 378.

in the Mark of Brandenburg, 4, 440.

in Poland, 5, 7–8.

См. также Вероотступничество; Вероотступники; Марраны.

Conversions, forced, of Jews to Islam, by Omar, 3, 120.

decreed by Hakim, 3, 247–8.

in Morocco, 3, 358–9.

in northern Africa, 3, 359–60.

in Lucena, 3, 311–12, 361.

under Abdulmumen, 3, 451–6.

in Yemen, 3, 461.

Maimonides on, 3, 462–4.

См. также Вероотступничество; Вероотступники.

Conversions, forced, of Jews to Magianism, 2, 629.

Conversions to Judaism, in Babylon, 1, 338–9.

under Zerubbabel, 1, 356.

made by Alexander Jannæus, 2, 46.

among the Romans under Tiberius, 2, 136–7.

among the heathen, 2, 215–19, 383–5.

among the Roman soldiers of Titus, 2, 306.

Tacitus and Josephus on, 2, 384.

forbidden by Antoninus Pius, 2, 433.

forbidden by Constantine, 2, 562.

among slaves forbidden, 2, 564, 567–8, 615; 3, 46.

during the Persian occupation of Palestine, 3, 21.

forbidden by the councils of Orleans, 3, 37.

among the Arabs, 3, 61–3.

punishable with death by the code of Alfonso X, 3, 595.

См. также Обрезание; Прозелиты.

Conversions to Paganism in Alexandria, 2, 184.

Converts, forced, to Christianity, a menace to the Spanish Jews, 4, 179.

emigrate from Spain, 4, 179.

relapse into Jewish ceremonies, 4, 180.

См. Марраны.

Converts, forced, to Judaism, the Idumæans under John Hyrcanus, 2, 8–9.

the Ituræans and Trachonites under Aristobulus I, 2, 37.

Converts to Christianity, cannot return to Judaism, 3, 49–50, 306, 308.

См. также Вероотступники; Христиане, иудействующие; Марраны.

Обращённые в иудаизм. См. Обрезание; Обращение в иудаизм; Прозелиты.

Copenhagen, the Jews of, persecuted, 5, 531.

Копиа, Сара. См. Суллам, Сара Копиа.

Copia, Simon, father of Sarah Sullam, 5, 69.

Coponius, first procurator of Judæa, 2, 129.

administration of, 2, 135.

Cordova, ancient gateway in, 3, 42.

Jews masters of, 3, 109.

seat of a Talmud school, 3, 210, 228, 236.

birthplace of Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, 3, 255.

taken by Suleiman, 3, 255, 262.

medical school at, 3, 261.

home of the Albalias, 3, 283.

synagogues of, destroyed, 3, 360.

Talmud school of, destroyed, 3, 384.

taken by the Almohades, 3, 447–8.

the Inquisition in, 4, 325.

Jews disappear from, 4, 354.

exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, 4, 402.

disturbance in, caused by the Inquisition, 4, 484.

autos-da-fé in, 5, 91, 92.

Cordova, the Jews of, ransom Moses ben Chanoch, 3, 209.

choose him as their rabbi, 3, 209.

appeal to Abdul-Rahman III, 3, 209–10.

Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut political chief of, 3, 217.

prosperity of, 3, 229.

side against Joseph Ibn-Abitur, 3, 238.

Jacob Ibn-Jau chief of, 3, 239.

emigrate, 3, 255.

murdered in 1391, 4, 169.

Cordova, the Marranos of, attacked, 4, 281–2.

flee to Granada, 4, 351.

Corfu, the Spanish exiles in, 4, 363–4.

Isaac Abrabanel at, 4, 384.

rites of the Jews of, followed in Greece, 4, 406.

Nathan Ghazati at, 5, 160.

honors shown to Crémieux in, 5, 668.

Corinth, Judæans in, 2, 203.

Paul establishes a Christian community in, 2, 228.

the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 424.

Cornelianus, Atidius, governor of Syria, defeated by the Parthians, 2, 447.

Cornelius, Judæan envoy to Claudius, 2, 197–8.

Coronel, baptismal name of Abraham Senior’s family, 4, 351.

Coronel, David Senior, Marrano in Pernambuco, 4, 693.

Coronello, Joseph Nassi’s deputy, 4, 597.

Correa, Isabel, Marrano poetess, 5, 114.

“Correction of the False Teacher,” by Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymos, 4, 234.

Cosmas, bishop of Prague, protects the Jews during the first crusade, 3, 305, 307.

Cossacks, the, origin and independence of, 5, 2.

efforts to convert, 5, 2–3.

highly taxed, 5, 3.

Jews further the enslavement of, 5, 6.

insurrections of, 5, 6, 7.

organized into Haidamak troops, 5, 8.

massacres of the Jews by, 5, 9–12.

make peace with the Poles, 5, 12.

attack the Jews, 5, 14, 15.

second treaty with, 5, 14.

losses inflicted upon the Jews by, 5, 15.

persecutions by, influence Judaism, 5, 16–17.

ravages of, in Poland, 5, 388.

Costa, Duarte Nuñes da, Portuguese agent in Hamburg, 4, 692.

Costa, Emanuel da, Marrano, martyrdom of, 4, 520–1.

Costa, Isaac Atias da, civic honors of, 5, 458.

Costa, Joseph da, and Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 34.

Costa, Uriel (Gabriel) da (1590–1640), as a Marrano, 5, 56.

studies the Scriptures, 5, 57.

returns to Judaism, 5, 57.

at odds with Amsterdam Judaism, 5, 58–9.

excommunicated, 5, 59.

attacked by Samuel da Silva, 5, 59.

publishes a work hostile to Judaism, 5, 59–60.

retracts, 5, 60–1.

formulates a natural religion, 5, 61.

fails to conform to Jewish usages, 5, 62.

restrains Christians from becoming Jews, 5, 62.

refuses to do penance, 5, 62.

penance imposed upon, 5, 63–4.

autobiography of, 5, 64–5.

suicide of, 5, 64.

violence of, 5, 84.

case of, compared with Spinoza’s, 5, 92, 93, 97.

Костниц. См. Констанц.

Costobar, prevents the escape of fugitives from Jerusalem, 2, 89.

Costobar, of the Herodian family, wickedness of, 2, 236.

accuses Gessius Florus before Nero, 2, 268.

Cotys, king of Armenia Minor, ally of Agrippa I, 2, 195.

Cotys, Byzantine commander, subdues the Jews of Antioch, 3, 18.

Council of Elders, the, instituted by Moses, 1, 25–6.

Совет семидесяти. См. Великий совет.

Council, the Great, of Seventy, work of, 1, 394–5.

institutes Chanukah, 1, 472–3.

informs the Egyptian Judæans of the independence of Judæa, 1, 522.

composed of Sadducees, 2, 42.

chief post in, given up to the Pharisees, 2, 48–9.

reorganized, 2, 50.

called the Great Synhedrion, 2, 71.

См. Синедрион.

Великий совет, пары во главе:

Йосе, сын Йоэзера. Йосе, сын Йоханана. Йехошуа, сын Перахии. Маттай из Арбелы. Иегуда бен Таббай. Шимон бен Шетах. Шемая. Авталион. Гиллель I. Шаммай.

Соборы, церковные. См. Церковные соборы.

“Counsels and Lessons,” by Santob de Carrion, 4, 115.

Пары. См. Великий совет.

Courts of justice, held on Mondays and Thursdays in Judæa, 1, 394.

restored to the Jews by Alexander Severus, 2, 482.

purified by Abba-Areka, 2, 517.

См. также Юрисдикция, еврейская, автономная.

Coutinho, Ferdinand, bishop of Algarve, opposes the forcible baptism of Jews, 4, 375.

describes the baptism of Jewish children, 4, 376.

opposes the Portuguese Inquisition, 4, 500.

Cracow, Jews massacred in, on the charge of well poisoning, 4, 111.

the Jews of, number of, 4, 632.

the German population of, 5, 3.

Chassidistic writings burned in, 5, 393.

Cranganor, destroyed, 2, 630.

Crassus, member of the first Triumvirate, receives Syria, 2, 73.

robs the Temple, 2, 74.

slain, 2, 74.

Creation, Kabbalistic theory of, 3, 552–3.

theory of, held by Isaac Lurya, 4, 619.

Creed, the, by Albo, 4, 240.

by Chasdaï Crescas, 4, 193.

Creed, the, by Maimonides, 3, 459–60.

effect of, 3, 469, 470.

objected to, by Chasdaï Crescas, 4, 193.

Creizenach, Michael (1789–1842), advocate of the Reform movement, 5, 674–5.

Crémieux, Adolf (1796–1880), espouses the cause of the Damascus Jews, 5, 643–4.

acts in conjunction with the English Jews, 5, 645, 651.

appeals to Louis Philippe, 5, 645.

announces the faithlessness of Louis Philippe, 5, 651.

appeal to, from Damascus, 5, 651.

sent to Egypt, 5, 652.

at the London meeting, 5, 653.

hampered by the French ministry, 5, 658.

sets out for Egypt, 5, 658.

honors shown to, 5, 658–9, 667–8.

introduces himself to Mehmet Ali, 5, 659.

influences the European consuls and Mehmet Ali, 5, 660.

tries to establish schools in Egypt, 5, 663, 671.

services of, acknowledged, 5, 669–72.

declines a medal, 5, 671.

president of the “Alliance Israélite Universelle,” 5, 702.

Cremona, the Talmud burnt at, 4, 582–3.

Cremona, the Jews of, number of, 4, 653.

expelled, 4, 660.

Crescas, Barfat, imprisonment of, 4, 150.

Крескас, Хасдай. См. Хасдай бен Авраам Крескас.

Crescas Vidal, opposes the study of science, 4, 28–9.

reproaches Samuel Sulami for harboring a heretic, 4, 29.

Crete (Candia), the Judæans of, make annual pilgrimages to Jerusalem, 2, 220.

a false Messiah in, 2, 610–11.

restored to Turkey, 5, 661.

the Spanish exiles in, 4, 363–4, 406.

the Talmud burnt in, 4, 565.

Cardoso on, 5, 207.

Crimea, the, Jews of the Byzantine empire settle in, 3, 123–4.

the Karaites spread to, 3, 182.

the land of the Chazars, 3, 222.

the Karaites in, in the twelfth century, 3, 435.

Karaites emigrate from, 4, 269.

Jews of Poland transported to, 5, 8.

Криспия. См. Берахья бен Натронай Накдан.

Crissa, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 424.

“Critical History of the Old Testament, The,” by Richard Simon, 5, 179.

Croatia, the Jews of, proscribed, 3, 614.

Crœsus, at war with Cyrus, 1, 343.

Cromwell, Oliver, obtains religious liberty for England, 5, 25–6.

inspired by the Old Testament, 5, 26, 27.

regards the Jews favorably, 5, 27.

dissolves the Long Parliament, 5, 34.

Protector, 5, 35.

favors the re-settlement of Jews in England, 5, 35, 42–3.

invites Manasseh ben Israel to England, 5, 38.

receives Manasseh, 5, 38–9.

hopes to convert the Jews, 5, 43.

assembles a commission on the Jewish question, 5, 43–5.

followers of, favor the admission of Jews, 5, 44.

reported the Messiah of the Jews, 5, 45.

dismisses Manasseh honorably, 5, 49.

acquits the Marrano Robles, 5, 49.

permits a Jewish burial ground in London, 5, 49.

Crossen, the duchy of, Jews settle in, 5, 173.

Коронные деньги. См. Aurum coronarium.

Crusade, a, against the Albigenses, 3, 501–3.

against the Mahometans in Spain, 3, 507.

preached by order of Gregory IX, 3, 570.

organized by Louis IX with Jewish money, 3, 585.

Crusade, the first, Jews during, 3, 298–305, 308, 309.

disgraceful end of, 3, 306.

Crusade, the second, Jews during, 3, 349–56.

Crusade, the third, participators in, 3, 404, 411, 418.

preached by Fulko de Neuilly, 3, 405.

Crusade, the fourth, and the Jews, 3, 496–7.

Crusaders, fall upon Jews in the English towns, 3, 412–13.

Crusades, the, begin with massacres of the Jews, 4, 222.

Crzemieniec, Jewish children slaughtered in, 5, 12.

Ctesiphon (Ardashir), capital of the Parthians, 2, 506.

populated with Jews, 2, 507.

escapes seizure by Julian the Apostate, 2, 602.

Cuenca, the Jews of, under Sancho, 3, 617.

autos-da-fé in, 5, 91, 92.

Cuenqui, Abraham, Sabbataï Zevi’s biographer, 5, 212.

Cumanus (48–52), procurator of Judæa, 2, 241.

places a cohort in the Temple, 2, 242.

punishes the profanation of the Scriptures, 2, 242–3.

sides with the Samaritans, 2, 243.

hated in Jerusalem, 2, 244.

called to Rome to justify himself, 2, 244.

banished, 2, 245.

Curiel, Jacob, unites the Portuguese congregations of Amsterdam, 4, 681.

Portuguese agent in Hamburg, 4, 692.

Cuthæans, the, a mixed population colonized in Samaria, 1, 285.

См. Самаритяне.

Cyaxares, of Media, defeats the Assyrians, 1, 287.

puts an end to Assyria, 1, 303.

Cyclades, the, Joseph Nassi duke of, 4, 596.

Cycle of Rabbi Nachshon, the, key to the Jewish calendar, 3, 179.

Cydonia, original home of the Philistines, 1, 54.

Cypros, wife of Agrippa I, appeals to Herodias, 2, 175.

hostage for her husband, 2, 176.

Cypros, wife of Antipater, 2, 77.

Cyprus, refuge of Ptolemy VIII, 2, 12.

seized by Ptolemy VIII, 2, 40.

wheat imported from, for Jerusalem, 2, 218.

the Judæans of, make annual pilgrimages to Jerusalem, 2, 220.

promised to Joseph Nassi, 4, 600.

taken by the Turks, 4, 601.

as a Jewish state, 4, 611.

Cyprus, the Jews of, rebel against Trajan, 2, 394.

Martius Hurbo sent against, 2, 398.

join an expedition against the Christians of Tyre, 3, 20.

in the twelfth century, 3, 424–5.

Cyrenaica, the Judæans of, have a synagogue in Jerusalem, 2, 201.

the Jews of, rebel against Trajan, 2, 394, 395, 396.

Cyrene, Judæans settle in, 1, 419.

position of the Judæans in, 1, 503.

given to Ptolemy VII, 1, 507.

the Judæans of, make annual pilgrimages to Jerusalem, 2, 220.

Zealots take refuge in, 2, 317, 318.

Jewish revolt in, 2, 331.

the Jews of, revolt from Trajan, 2, 395, 397.

Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, ill-treats the Jews, 2, 618–19; 3, 23.

Cyrus, of Persia, dethrones the Median king, 1, 342.

at war with Crœsus, 1, 343.

called the instrument of God by Isaiah, 1, 348.

conquers Babylon, 1, 349–50.

proclaims himself king of Babylon, 1, 350.

permits the Judæans to return to Palestine, 1, 351–2.

sends an escort with the returning exiles, 1, 355.

Czarnicki, Polish general, ill-uses the Jews, 5, 15.

Czechowic, Martin, Polish Unitarian, writes against Judaism, 4, 648.

Czenstochow, Frank imprisoned at, 5, 288, 289.

Czernigov, the Jews of, massacred, 5, 10.

D

Dabaritta, the Judæans of, plunder Agrippa II’s agent, 2, 279.

Dævas, Persian evil spirits, 1, 403.

Дафьера. См. Шломо Дафьера.

“Dagger of Faith, The,” anti-Jewish work by Raymund Martin, 3, 622–3.

Dagobert (629), Merovingian king, hostile to the Jews, 3, 40.

Dagon, Philistine god, 1, 55.

temple of, burnt, 1, 496.

Dâï, forerunner of the Messiah, 3, 124.

Далалат аль-Хаирин. См. «Путеводитель растерянных».

Dalberg, Karl von, imperial chancellor, aids Breidenbach, 5, 468.

favors the emancipation of Jews, 5, 504.

grants civil rights to the Jews of Frankfort, 5, 505.

Dalburg, bishop of Worms, refuses to judge the Reuchlin case, 4, 454.

Dallim (Ebionim), disciples of Isaiah, 1, 254.

Dalmatia, the Jews of, proscribed, 3, 614.

Damascus (Aram, Syria), belongs to the king of Israel, 1, 127.

king of, defeated by David, 1, 127.

taken by Rezon, 1, 177, 183.

king of, makes a treaty with Rehoboam, 1, 183.

extended by Tabrimon, 1, 183.

conquered by Jeroboam II, 1, 232.

besieged by Tiglath-Pileser, 1, 259.

subdued by Sennacherib, 1, 270.

the goddess of love, worshiped in, 1, 408.

taken by the Hasmonæans, 1, 498.

number of Judæans in, 2, 202.

women of, adopt Judaism, 2, 215.

the Nazarene community in, 2, 222–3.

the apostle Paul in, 2, 226, 227.

Jehuda Halevi at, 3, 342.

captured by Hulagu, 3, 606.

the Spanish exiles in, 4, 399–400.

Chayim Vital Calabrese in, 5, 52–3.

Damascus affair, the, reported in the French journals, 5, 642.

taken up by Crémieux, 5, 644.

considered in England, 5, 645.

the Austrian report on, 5, 646.

in the hands of Mehmet Ali, 5, 647.

tried by a court of European consuls, 5, 648.

trial of, stopped by Thiers, 5, 649.

in the French Chamber of Deputies, 5, 649–50.

view of, among Catholics, 5, 650–1.

in Parliament, 5, 652–3.

discussed by London Jews, 5, 653–4.

a Mansion House meeting protests against, 5, 656–7.

rejoicing at the termination of, 5, 667, 669.

plans for commemorating, 5, 669, 670, 671.

account of, by Erter, 5, 671.

Munk on, 5, 671–2.

Damascus, the Jews of, in an expedition against the Christians of Tyre, 3, 20.

in the twelfth century, 3, 426–7.

liturgy of, changed, 3, 466.

cause of, espoused by various governments, 5, 633.

number of, 5, 634.

suspected of ritual murder, 5, 635, 636.

arrested and tortured, 5, 636–7.

houses of, destroyed, 5, 637.

evidence favoring, suppressed, 5, 637.

confess under torture, 5, 638.

pronounced guilty by Ratti Menton, 5, 640.

appeal to the European Jews, 5, 642, 651.

torture of, stopped, 5, 648.

release of, 5, 660–1.

new crusade against, incited by Catholics, 5, 662.

Dan, the tribe of, late settlement of, 1, 39.

isolation of, 1, 51.

attacked by the Philistines, 1, 64.

oppressed by the Philistines, 1, 66.

around Nishabur, 3, 433.

Dan, northern frontier town of Israel, 1, 129.

occupied by Sheba’s followers, 1, 149–50.

center of idolatry, 1, 186, 233.

subjugated by Ben-hadad I, 1, 191.

“Danger to the Welfare and Character of the Germans through the Jews,” by J. F. Fries, 5, 521.

“Dangerous Courses, The,” by Joseph Penso, 5, 113.

Daniel, the supposed grave of, causes a quarrel, 3, 434–5.

Daniel, the Book of, written during the Maccabæan struggle, 1, 465–6.

language of, 1, 465.

consolations offered by, 1, 465.

prophesies the end of the Syrian power, 1, 465–6.

additions to, 2, 359.

prophecy of, thought to be verified, 2, 482–3.

explained by Jochanan bar Napacha, 2, 494–5.

as explained by Christians, 2, 502.

commentary on, by Porphyry, 2, 502.

a verse of, applied to Odenathus, 2, 527.

a prophecy of, applied to Julian the Apostate, 2, 598.

commentary on, by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, 3, 373.

Nissim Gerundi on, 4, 120.

Gallipapa on, 4, 149.

commentary on, by Isaac Abrabanel, 4, 482.

Simone Luzzatto on, 5, 81.

Daniel, friend of Immanuel Romi, 4, 66.

Daniel, Karaite, candidate for the Exilarchate, 3, 155.

Daniel ben Saadiah, anti-Maimunist, 3, 525–6.

excommunicated, 3, 526.

Daniel, son of Solomon (Chasdaï?, 1165–1175), Exilarch, 3, 438.

death of, 3, 439.

Dante, friend of Immanuel Romi, 4, 65.

imitated by Immanuel Romi, 4, 66, 67.

quoted, 4, 325.

Danz, Frankfort deputy to the Congress of Vienna, objects to the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 519.

Daphne, Verus Commodus at, 2, 447.

Darius, king of Persia, permits the rebuilding of the Temple, 1, 359.

Darius, commander of Agrippa II’s troops, 2, 259.

“Dark Age,” the Jewish, 4, 617.

Darke ha-Talmud, work by Isaac Campanton, 4, 230.

Darmstadt, the Jews of, persecuted, 5, 530.

Daroca, the Jews of, converted, 4, 206, 214.

Darshanim, Jewish preachers, deliver sermons in the vernacular, under Louis the Pious 3, 163.

Daub, professor, protects the Jews of Heidelberg, 5, 531.

Daud, physician, traduces Joseph Nassi, 4, 598–9.

banished and excommunicated, 4, 599.

Dauphiné, Jews remain in, after the expulsion by Charles VI, 4, 177.

David, king, anointed, 1, 95–6.

poetic talent of, 1, 96.

under Samuel’s influence, 1, 96–7.

and Goliath, 1, 97.

soothes Saul’s melancholy, 1, 98.

victorious over the Philistines, 1, 98–9.

attacked by Saul, 1, 99.

marries Michal, 1, 100.

outlawed, 1, 100.

in friendly relations with Ammonites and Philistines, 1, 100–2.

at Ziklag, 1, 101–2.

to help the Philistines against Saul, 1, 102.

routs the Amalekites, 1, 106–7.

chosen king by Judah, 1, 107.

ally of Achish, 1, 107–8.

resides at Hebron, 1, 109.

and Abner, 1, 110–12.

rules over the whole kingdom, 1, 112.

subdues the Jebusites, 1, 113–14.

resides at Jerusalem, 1, 114.

at war with the Philistines, 1, 115–18.

at Adullam, 1, 116.

saved by Abishai, 1, 117.

ally of Hiram, 1, 118.

builds a cedar palace, 1, 119.

makes Jerusalem the center of religious life, 1, 119–20.

introduces choral song into the religious service, 1, 120.

as Psalmist, 1, 120–1.

as king, 1, 121.

loyalty to, 1, 121–2.

army of, 1, 122.

favorite and councilor of, 1, 122–3.

surrenders Saul’s descendants to the Gibeonites, 1, 123.

buries the remains of Saul and Jonathan, 1, 124.

at war with the Moabites, 1, 125–6.

at war with the Ammonites, 1, 126–7.

at war with the Aramæans, 1, 127.

at war with the Ammonites and Idumæans, 1, 128–9.

enlarges his territory, 1, 129–30.

faith of, 1, 130.

lenient towards conquered races, 1, 131.

betrays Uriah, 1, 131–2.

rebuked by Nathan, 1, 133.

and Absalom, 1, 134–7.

orders a census, 1, 137–8.

conspiracy against, 1, 138–44.

leaves Jerusalem, 1, 140–1.

faithful followers of, 1, 141–2, 144.

enemies of, 1, 142.

victorious over Absalom, 1, 144.

mourns Absalom, 1, 145.

invited to Jerusalem by the northern tribes, 1, 146.

pardons Amasa, 1, 146.

met by embassies of Benjamites and Judæans, 1, 146–8.

suppresses Sheba’s revolt, 1, 148–50.

returns to Jerusalem, 1, 150.

restrained from building a Temple, 1, 150–1.

debility of, 1, 151.

has Solomon acknowledged king, 1, 153.

death of, 1, 154.

summary of the reign of, 1, 154–5.

number of wives of, 1, 161.

descendants of, the only ones entitled to the crown, 1, 527–8.

a descendant of, the Messiah, 2, 143, 144.

descent from, traced by Spanish families, 3, 43.

Israelites under, settle in northern Arabia, 3, 54.

in Immanuel Romi’s work, 4, 67.

favorite character of the Puritans, 5, 26.

David, candidate for the Exilarchate, 3, 439.

David, German immigrant in Turkey, 4, 271.

David, principino of the Neapolitan Jews, 3, 424.

David of Mosul, Exilarch in Jerusalem, 3, 506.

excommunicates Daniel ben Saadiah, 3, 526.

David de Pomis (1525–1588), physician, employed by Christians, 4, 653.

attainments of, 4, 656.

defense of Jewish physicians by, 4, 656–7.

Talmudic dictionary by, 4, 657.

David ben Daniel, Exilarch of Mosul, excommunicates Solomon Petit, 3, 632.

David ben Judah (825–840), Exilarch, 3, 155–6.

David ben Kalonymos, Tossafist, member of the Mayence synod, 3, 517.

David ben Maimun, brother of Maimonides, 3, 451, 457.

David ben Saul, excommunicates the Maimunists, 3, 529.

excommunicated, 3, 530, 536–7.

David ben Zaccaï (940), Exilarch, deposes Kohen-Zedek, 3, 186.

appoints two Geonim of Sora, 3, 192–3.

excommunicates the congregation of Fars, 3, 194.

injustice of, 3, 194–5.

contest of, with Saadiah, 3, 195–6, 200–1.

cause of, espoused by Aaron Ibn-Sarjadu, 3, 200.

death of, 3, 201.

great-grandson of, 3, 254.

David Ibn-Abi Zimra (1470–1573), scholar, Spanish exile in Cairo, 4, 393.

rabbi of Cairo, 4, 394.

abolishes the Seleucidæan era, 4, 394–5.

reverses the liturgical changes made by Maimonides, 4, 395.

Kabbalist, 4, 481.

David Ibn-Albilla, philosopher, 4, 91.

David Ibn-Yachya, rabbi at Naples, 4, 410.

David Ibn-Yachya Negro, foresees the expulsion of the Jews from Portugal, 4, 339.

David Abudarham, a Jew of Castile, 3, 617.

David Alrui (Alroy, Ibn-Alruchi, Menahem ben Solomon), attainments of, 3, 430.

summons the Jews of the East to return to Jerusalem, 3, 431.

imprisoned, 3, 431–2.

death of, 3, 433.

David Bonet Buen-Giorna, Marrano, persuaded to remain a Christian, 4, 188.

epistle to, 4, 188–90.

David Gans (1541–1613), historian and astronomer, works of, 4, 638–9.

consulted by Basnage, 5, 196.

refutes Eibeschütz’s defense, 5, 270.

David Kimchi (1160–1235), grammarian and lexicographer, 3, 393–4, 561.

grammatical and exegetical work of, 3, 394.

Maimunist, 3, 530–1, 540–1.

denounces Solomon of Montpellier, 3, 544.

works of, used by Raymund Martin, 3, 622.

commentary of, in the Bomberg Bible, 4, 476.

David Maimuni (1223–1300), grandson of Maimonides, aided by Solomon ben Adret, 3, 620.

Nagid of Egypt, friend of the Exilarch Yishaï, 3, 627.

appealed to by Hillel of Verona, 3, 631.

in the Maimunist controversy, 3, 632–3.

David Negro Ibn-Yachya, counselor of Ferdinand I of Portugal, 4, 159–60.

leaves Lisbon, 4, 160.

chief rabbi of Castile, 4, 161, 162.

David Rafan, discovers the Zohar to be a forgery, 4, 20–1.

David Reubeni, travels of, in the East, 4, 491.

description of, 4, 491–2.

at Rome, 4, 492, 493.

honored by the Jews, 4, 493.

received by João III of Portugal, 4, 493, 498.

considered the forerunner of the Messiah, 4, 494, 497–8.

repulses the Marranos and Solomon Molcho, 4, 495–6.

opposed by Miguel de Silva, 4, 498–9.

leaves Portugal, 4, 499.

prisoner in Spain, 4, 499.

in Avignon, 4, 499.

and Molcho, 4, 504.

and the Venetian senate, 4, 504.

petitions Charles V, 4, 509–10.

confined by the Spanish Inquisition, 4, 511.

David’s chapel, Franciscan church on Mount Zion, 4, 274.

Daya, character in “Nathan the Wise,” 5, 324.

Dayan, title of the judges in Jewish Babylonia, 3, 98.

title of Moses ben Chanoch, 3, 229.

Dayane-di-Baba, judges of the gate, in Babylonia, 2, 547.

Dayanim, assistants of the rabbis, 5, 566, 569.

Dead Sea, the, description of, 1, 43.

Debir, the, the Holy of Holies, 1, 165.

Debir (Kirjath-Sepher), taken by the tribe of Judah, 1, 38.

Deborah, judge, inspires resistance to Jabin, 1, 61.

Debts owing to Jews, the interest on, repudiated by Eugenius III, 3, 349, 351.

the repudiation of, not permitted by Maria de Molina, 4, 52.

the repudiation of, urged by Louis the Rich, 4, 254.

Decapolis, league of towns, freed from Judæan rule, 2, 67.

Deckendorf (Deggendorf), the Jews of, massacred, 4, 98.

“Declaration,” by Manasseh ben Israel, concerning the admission of Jews into England, 5, 39–42.

“Defense of the Rational Worshipers of God,” by Reimarus, 5, 320.

“Definitions and Descriptions,” by Isaac Israeli, 3, 181.

Деи Росси. См. Азарья бен Моше деи Росси.

Deity, the, Israelitish conception of, 1, 24, 402.

Delaborde, Count, on the Turkish Jews, 5, 649–50.

“Delight of all Mankind,” epithet of Titus, 2, 304.

Delitzsch, Franz, admires neo-Hebraic poetry, 5, 628–9.

Della Ruvere, Marco, nuncio in Portugal, 4, 514.

Della Volta, Samuel Vita, physician and scholar, 5, 622.

Дель Медиго. См. Элия дель Медиго.

Delmedigo, Joseph Solomon (1591–1655), sceptic, 5, 56, 75–6.

ancestry and education of, 5, 75.

wanderings of, 5, 76–80.

mathematical attainments of, 5, 76.

among Karaites, 5, 76–7.

as physician, 5, 76, 80.

defends the Kabbala, 5, 78.

at Amsterdam, 5, 79.

preacher, 5, 79–80.

end of, 5, 80.

hypocrisy of, 5, 84.

Delmedigo, Judah, son of Elias, rabbi of Canea, 4, 406.

Dembowski, Nicolas, bishop of Kamieniec, persecutes the Frankists, 5, 278.

Frankists make a partial confession of Christianity before, 5, 279.

favors the Frankists, 5, 279–80.

consents to disputations between Frankists and Talmudists, 5, 280, 281–2.

confiscates and burns the Talmud, 5, 282.

death of, 5, 282.

Dembowski, Frankist family, 5, 289.

Demetrius I, of Syria, sent to Rome as hostage, 1, 443.

throne of, usurped by Antiochus IV, 1, 443.

plots to depose Antiochus V, 1, 481.

escapes from Rome, 1, 482.

kills Antiochus V, 1, 482.

appoints Alcimus high priest, 1, 482.

sends Bacchides to Jerusalem, 1, 482, 486.

sends Nicanor to Judæa, 1, 484.

leaves the religious freedom of the Judæans undisturbed, 1, 488, 491–2.

seeks the friendship of Jonathan Haphus, 1, 494, 495–6.

Demetrius II Nicator, of Syria, contests the throne with Alexander Balas, 1, 496.

appealed to by the Hellenists, 1, 497.

exempts the Judæans from taxation, 1, 497.

besieged in his palace, 1, 497.

seeks help with Jonathan Haphus, 1, 497.

flees from Antioch, 1, 498.

negotiates with Simon Tharsi, 1, 521.

acknowledges the independence of Judæa, 1, 521.

expedition of, against Persia, 1, 525.

defeated by the Parthians, 2, 5.

deposed by Alexander Zabina, 2, 6.

death of, 2, 6.

Demetrius, librarian of Ptolemy II, advises the translation of the Law, 1, 514.

Demetrius, son of Antigonus, defeated, 1, 417.

Demetrius, son-in-law of Agrippa I, 2, 235.

Demiurge, creator of the world, in the Gnostic system, 2, 375.

Demons, exorcism of, in Galilee, 2, 148.

by the Essenes, 2, 151.

by Jesus, 2, 156–7.

by the disciples of Jesus, 2, 170.

Denia, home of Isaac Albergeloni, 3, 284.

Denmark, the Protestant Reformation in, 4, 469.

Jews invited to settle in, 4, 675.

rabbis of, willing to excommunicate Luzzatto, 5, 241.

favors the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 519, 531.

Дераша. См. Агада.

Derbend (Berdaa), Jews settle in, 3, 124.

refuge of the Chazars, 3, 222.

Derketades, royal Assyrian house, last member of, 1, 258.

Деруш. См. Агада.

Descartes, philosophy of, studied by Spinoza, 5, 89.

characteristics of, 5, 90.

Desfar, Juan, governor of Palma, protects the Jews, 4, 246, 247.

Dessau, subscribers to Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation in, 5, 329.

Deuteronomy, the Book of, found in the Temple, 1, 289, 292–3. See under Law, the.

Deuterosis, code of Rabbi Akiba, 2, 354.

Deuterotes, the Tanaites, 2, 371.

Deutz, Menahem, member of the French consistory, 5, 502.

Deutz, the Jews of Cologne take refuge in, 4, 227.

De Wette, exegete, 5, 623, 695.

De Witt, John, friend of Spinoza, 5, 107, 108.

Deza, archbishop of Seville, second inquisitor general, 4, 356, 484.

Dhor el-Khedib, highest peak of Lebanon, 1, 44.

Dialoghi d’amore (“Dialogues of Love”), by Leon Abrabanel, 4, 480–1.

Dias, André, Marrano, assassin of Henrique Nunes, 4, 490.

Dibre Sopherim, the work of the Council of Seventy, 1, 395.

traditional Jewish lore, 2, 19, 472.

См. Устный закон.

Dictionaries, Chaldean and Rabbinical, by Elias Levita, 4, 474.

Словарь. См. Арух; Иггарон; Лексикон; Махберет.

Diderot, praises Pereira’s sign language, 5, 343.

Diebitsch, von, defender of the Jews, 5, 470.

Diego de Valencia, apostate, Spanish satirist, 4, 181.

Dietary laws, the, observed by the Babylonian Judæans, 1, 364.

observed by the Judæan Christians of Antioch, 2, 231.

obeyed by the Jews of Gaul, 3, 36.

observed by the Jews of Arabia, 3, 58.

made severer by Anan ben David, 3, 132.

not observed by the “Friends of Reform,” 5, 675.

declaration against, withdrawn, 5, 676.

Дитерих. См. Теодорих Бургундский.

Diez, friend of Dohm, on the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 358–9.

Dimé, Palestinian Amora, banished from Judæa, 2, 567.

Dimuh, so-called synagogue of Moses at, 3, 445.

Dina d’malchuta dina, sanctity of the law of the land, 2, 519.

Diniz (1279–1325), of Portugal, Jews under, 3, 618.

Dio Cassius, historian, on the revolt under Bar Cochba, 2, 411.

on the fall of Bethar, 2, 418–19.

Dio Kart, birthplace of Huna, 2, 545.

Диокесария. См. Сепфорис.

Diocletian, emperor, tolerant, 2, 533.

accuses Judah III of disloyalty, 2, 533–4.

and Abbahu, 2, 538.

persecutes Christianity, 2, 539.

Diodorus, ambassador to Rome, 2, 4–5.

Diodotus Tryphon, general of Alexander Balas, puts the latter’s son on the throne, 1, 497–8.

friendly to Jonathan Haphus, 1, 498.

seeks to make himself king, 1, 498–9.

takes Jonathan Haphus prisoner, 1, 499.

negotiates with Simon Tharsi for tribute, 1, 500–1.

has Jonathan Haphus executed, 1, 501.

Simon Tharsi hostile to, 1, 521.

at odds with Antiochus Sidetes, 1, 525, 528, 529.

Diogenes, Sadducee, favorite of Alexander Jannæus, 2, 42.

advises the crucifixion of Pharisees, 2, 45.

put to death by the Pharisees, 2, 55.

Diokna Kadisha, Kabbalistic term, 4, 538.

Dionysus, worshiped in Alexandria, 1, 428.

festival of, in Judæa, 1, 428, 456–7.

Диос-Карне. См. Аструк Раймух.

Dioscorides, work of, translated, 3, 218.

Диосполис. См. Лидда.

Диотерих. См. Теодорих.

Disciples, meaning of, 2, 357.

См. Закон, учители.

Dispersion, the, of Judæans under Uzziah, 1, 227.

after the capture of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 317–18.

in the lands of the Seleucidæ and the Ptolemies, 1, 420–1.

value of, 2, 200–1.

Disputation, between Judæans and Samaritans in Alexandria, 1, 516–17.

between Donin and four rabbis, 3, 576–8.

between Pablo Christiani and Nachmani, 3, 598–604.

at Burgos, 4, 140.

at Avila, 4, 140–2.

at Pampeluna, 4, 142.

at Tortosa, 4, 207–15.

at Kamieniec, 5, 280–1.

at Lemberg, 5, 285–7.

Disputations, between Jews and Christians, under Basilius, 3, 175–6.

in France in the twelfth century, 3, 343.

См. под заголовком Полемические сочинения против христианства.

“Distinction,” anti-Karaite work by Saadiah, 3, 192.

“Diversions,” satire by Joseph ben Sabara, 3, 559.

Богослужение. См. Литургия.

Divorce, abolished by Obaiah Abu-Isa ben Ishak, 3, 124.

bills of, criticised after delivery to the wife, 3, 378.

discussed by the Assembly of Jewish Notables, 5, 489, 491.

discussed by the French Synhedrion, 5, 497.

Divorce law, the, as formulated by the Pharisees, 2, 50.

according to the school of Shammai, 2, 132.

as interpreted by Meïr, 2, 439.

alleviations of, proposed by Judah II, 2, 484.

regulated by Abba Areka, 2, 516–17.

reformed by Hunaï and Mar-Raba, 3, 92.

changed by Gershom, 3, 244.

modified by the Troyes synod, 3, 378.

changed by Menachem of Merseburg, 4, 228.

Divorces, frequent among Kabbalists, 4, 627; 5, 210.

Djabar, the Jews of, pillaged, 5, 641.

Dnieper, the, colonies of serfs on, 5, 2.

Doag, captain of the guard under Saul, 1, 91.

Доб Бер. См. Бер из Межирича.

Dohm, Christian William (1751–1820), friend of Mendelssohn, 5, 351–2.

plea by, for the amelioration of the condition of the Jews, 5, 352–62.

inspired by Mendelssohn, 5, 356, 361, 366.

admits the depravity of the Jews, 5, 361.

criticised by Mendelssohn, 5, 361–2.

enlists Mirabeau’s sympathies for the Jews, 5, 366.

fails to impress Frederick the Great, 5, 414.

helps to frame the Westphalian constitution, 5, 500.

entertains a distorted view of Jewish history, 5, 593.

Dok, fortress, Simon Tharsi assassinated in, 1, 530.

Ptolemy ben Habub shut up in, 1, 531.

Дёнме. См. Дёнме.

Domingo, founder of the Dominican order, 3, 519.

Dominicans, the, originate in the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 509.

persecutions by, in southern France, 3, 519.

entrusted with the extirpation of the Albigenses, 3, 542.

interfere in the Maimunist controversy, 3, 542–3.

preach Jew hatred, 3, 565.

judges of the Talmud, 3, 575, 602–3.

at Donin’s disputation, 3, 576.

charge the Jews of England with the blood accusation, 3, 591.

taught Hebrew and Arabic for conversion purposes, 3, 597, 621.

in the Barcelona synagogue, 3, 601.

appeal to Clement IV against Nachmani, 3, 605.

enforce Jew badges, 3, 613.

in Hungary, 3, 614.

and Robert de Redingge’s conversion, 3, 641.

deliver sermons to the Jews of England, 3, 643–4.

denounce the Jews of England, 3, 645.

arouse hatred against the Hussites and the Jews, 4, 222, 226.

hate the Jews, 4, 308.

try to convert the Jews of Spain, 4, 350.

work for the expulsion of the Portuguese Marranos, 4, 486–7.

incite the mob against the Marranos, 4, 487.

have the Jews of Genoa banished, 4, 554.

arouse Cremona against the Jews, 4, 582.

Dominicans, the, of Cologne, and their crusade against Judaism, 4, 424–6.

wish to confiscate the Talmud, 4, 425, 426, 428.

devise measures for the conversion of the Jews, 4, 426.

urge Maximilian I to deliver the Jews to them, 4, 428–9.

eager to associate Reuchlin with themselves, 4, 432.

suspect Reuchlin of heresy, 4, 435–6.

obtain Maximilian’s fourth mandate, 4, 440–1.

decide upon the burning of the Talmud, 4, 444.

declare the Hebrew Bible heretical, 4, 445.

publish a refutation of Reuchlin’s defense, 4, 445–6.

sanction the burning of the “Augenspiegel,” 4, 452.

try to overthrow the Speyer decision against Hoogstraten, 4, 455–6, 458.

hatred of, for the Jews, increases, 4, 457.

threaten to withdraw allegiance from the papacy, 4, 459.

abuse Maximilian I, 4, 459.

rejoice over the University of Paris decision, 4, 460.

have the “Augenspiegel” translated, 4, 460.

plan the extermination of the Jews of Germany, 4, 462–3.

complain of the treatment accorded them, 4, 465–6.

Dominicus Haman Epiphanes, pseudonym of a Jewish champion, 5, 471.

Domitia, empress, Josephus a favorite of, 2, 389.

Domitian, emperor, celebration of the birthday of, 2, 312.

celebrates his triumph over Judæa, 2, 314–15.

Jews troubled under, 2, 345, 384, 388–9.

cousin of, convert to Judaism, 2, 387.

Josephus a favorite of, 2, 389.

prosecutes Josephus, 2, 391.

Domitilla, Flavia, convert to Judaism, 2, 387, 389.

Domna, Julia, wife of Severus, 2, 468.

Donin (Nicholas), Talmudist, excommunicated by the French rabbis, 3, 572–3.

apostatizes, 3, 573.

causes the persecution of the Jews of Poitou, 3, 573.

brings charges against the Talmud, 3, 573–4.

disputation of, with four rabbis, 3, 576–8.

and Pablo Christiani, 3, 598, 599, 602.

charges of, repeated, 4, 213.

instigates the burning of the Talmud, 4, 460.

Donmäh (Dolmäh), the, followers of Berachya, 5, 211.

descendants of, in Salonica, 5, 211.

joined by Chayim Malach, 5, 214.

address prayers to their leaders, 5, 274.

Донноло. См. Шабтай Донноло.

Dora, besieged by Antiochus Sidetes, 1, 528, 529.

Greek youths of, introduce statues into the synagogues, 2, 193.

Doria, Andrea, doge of Genoa, opposed to the expulsion of the Jews, 4, 554.

employs a Jewish physician, 4, 555.

Doria, Gianettino, and Joseph Cohen, 4, 555.

Doris, first wife of Herod, 2, 112.

Dormido, David Abrabanel, petitions Parliament to permit Jews to settle in England, 5, 35.

Dorotheus, Judæan envoy to Rome, 2, 197–8.

Dortmund, Jews tolerated in, 4, 686.

Dortus of Jerusalem, tries to incite a rebellion against Cumanus, 2, 244.

Dositheus, companion of Onias IV, espouses Ptolemy VI’s cause, 1, 506, 507.

Dossa ben Nachman (Archinas), teacher of the Law, 2, 330.

Dossa ben Saadiah, author, 3, 202.

in correspondence with Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut, 3, 217.

“Doubts of the Religion of Jesus,” by Joseph Ibn-Shem Tob, 4, 235.

Dowry, the law of, according to Meïr, 2, 439.

Draï, the Jews of, persecuted, 3, 360.

Drama, the, in Jewish literature, 5, 112.

Dresden, Jews permitted to live in, 5, 509.

Dresden, the Jews of, assisted by Mendelssohn, 5, 344.

present an address to the Synhedrion, 5, 496.

Drome, rabbi of, at the first rabbinical synod, 3, 377.

Drouth, under Uzziah, 1, 229–30.

Drusilla, youngest daughter of Agrippa I, affianced to Epiphanes of Commagene, 2, 195, 235.

married to Aziz, 2, 235.

married to Felix, 2, 235, 245.

envious of Berenice, 2, 236.

Drusus, son of Tiberius, educated with Agrippa I, 2, 175.

Drusus, a tower on the wall of Cæsarea, 2, 106.

Dsimma, Mahometan tax, 3, 110.

Дуарте де Пинель. См. Уск, Авраам.

Dubno, Solomon, writes the commentary to Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation, 5, 329, 332.

alienated from Mendelssohn, 5, 334.

Duchan, Jacob Israel, Sabbatian, 5, 156.

Dudaï ben Nachman (761–764), principal of Pumbeditha, opponent of Anan ben David, 3, 129.

Duelling, permitted to Jews under Alfonso VI, 3, 293.

Du Guesclin, Bertrand, aids Henry de Trastamare, 4, 123, 124.

cruelty of, to the Jews of Castile, 4, 126.

kills Pedro the Cruel, 4, 126.

Dulcigno, Sabbataï Zevi banished to, 5, 166.

Dunash ben Labrat (Adonim, 920–970), poet, founder of Judæo-Spanish culture, 3, 215.

introduces meter into the Hebrew language, 3, 223.

supplements Menachem ben Saruk, 3, 225.

circumstances of, 3, 226.

criticises Saadiah’s works, 3, 226.

controversy of, with the disciples of Menachem ben Saruk, 3, 226–7.

disciples of, grammarians and poets, 3, 237.

grammar by, known to Rashi, 3, 289.

Dunash ben Tamim (Abusahal, 900–960), disciple of Isaac Israeli, 3, 181, 211–12.

admiration of, for Saadiah, 3, 192.

physician to a caliph, 3, 211.

works of, 3, 211.

and Chasdaï Ibn Shaprut, 3, 217.

Дунин. См. Донин.

Duns Scotus, scholastic philosopher, counsels compulsory baptism of Jews, 3, 644; 4, 277.

Duport, favors the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 441, 447–8.

Дуран. См. Профиат; Шимон бен Цемах; Шимон (II); Шломо (I).

Dury, John, writes against the admission of Jews into England, 5, 46.

Düsseldorf, the Jews of, persecuted, 5, 530.

“Duties of the Heart, The,” by Bachya Ibn-Pakuda, translated, 3, 397.

Du Vallié, Antoinette, mother of the next, 5, 175.

Du Vallié, Paul, apostate, testifies falsely in a blood accusation case, 5, 175.

Dyeing, trade of the Jews of Jerusalem, 3, 427, 606.

Dzalski, Frankist family, 5, 289.

E

Earthquake, under Uzziah, 1, 229, 236.

under Hyrcanus II, 2, 61.

under Herod, 2, 95.

under Hadrian, 2, 408.

at Lisbon, 4, 505.

at Ferrara, 4, 615.

East, the, conversions to Judaism in, 2, 383.

Восток, империя. См. Византийская империя.

East, the, the Jews of, affected by Islam theology, 3, 148.

persecuted, 3, 245–8.

poor, 5, 205.

admire the European Jews, 5, 662–3.

См. также под заголовками Аббасидский халифат; Византийская империя.

Восток, римские наместники. См. Амантий; Боноз.

East India Company, the, Jews interested in, 4, 677.

Easter, the date of, fixed, 2, 563–4.

to be celebrated before the Passover, 3, 13.

tax to be paid at, by Jews, 3, 510.

Eastertide attacks upon Jews, in France, 3, 173–4.

in Béziers, 3, 394.

in Prague, 4, 164.

in Majorca, 4, 246.

in Trent, 4, 298.

Eastertide, Jews forbidden to appear in public during, by the Councils of Orleans, 3, 37.

by the Council of Mâcon, 3, 39, 171.

by the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 510.

by the Council of Narbonne, 3, 518.

by the Council of Béziers, 3, 582.

by the code of Alfonso X, 3, 595.

in Ratisbon, 3, 635.

by Eugenius IV, 4, 250.

by Henry IV of Castile, 4, 278.

Ebal, mountain, described, 1, 45.

“Eben Bochan,” polemic by Shem-Tob ben Isaac Shaprut, 4, 142.

Eben ha-Ezer, scene of battles between Israelites and Philistines, 1, 70, 78.

Eberard, Magister Judæorum, under Louis the Pious, 3, 161.

and the bishop of Lyons, 3, 164, 166.

Eberhard von Cleve, Dominican provincial, complains of the treatment of his order, 4, 465–6.

Ebionim (Dallim), disciples of Isaiah, 1, 254.

Ebionites (Ebionim), the, followers of Jesus, 2, 168, 366.

communists, 2, 220.

disappearance of, 2, 373.

use Akylas’ Scripture translation, 2, 387.

merged into the Catholic Church, 2, 500.

См. под заголовками Иудеохристиане; Иудейские христиане.

Ecbatana, taken by Cyrus, 1, 342.

the goddess of love worshiped in, 1, 408.

Ecclesiastes, the Book of, holiness of, discussed in the Synhedrion, 2, 343–4.

exposition of, by Samuel Ibn-Tibbon, 3, 398.

commentary on, by Nathaniel of Bagdad, 3, 442.

Ecclesiasticus, the Book of, by Jesus Sirach, 1, 439–41.

considered apocryphal, 2, 344.

translated into Greek, 2, 359.

Ecija, the Jews of, persecuted, 4, 170.

Eck, Dr. John, writes against the Jews, 4, 546–7.

accusations of, repeated by Luther, 4, 548, 549, 550.

Eden, garden of, name applied to Paradise, 1, 404.

Edessa, destroyed, 2, 398.

the Christians of, persecuted, 2, 524.

the Jews of, massacred, 2, 599.

taken by Nureddin, 3, 349.

Edict, banishing the Jews from Spain, 4, 347–8.

Edict of Grace, the, for Marranos, 4, 315.

Edles, Samuel, Talmudist, 4, 703.

Эдом. См. Идумеи.

Образование среди евреев. См. под заголовками Академии; Колледжи; Закон; Школы; Талмуд; Талмуд Тора.

Edward I, of England, Jews under, 3, 640–6.

stops the denunciations of coin counterfeiters, 3, 643.

and the charge of blasphemy against the Jews, 3, 643.

permits the Dominicans to preach to the Jews, 3, 643–4.

erects a house for Jewish converts, 3, 644.

banishes the Jews, 3, 645.

Edward, Prince of Wales (the Black Prince), aids Pedro the Cruel, 4, 124, 125.

Edzardus, Esdras, Hamburg preacher, and David de Lara, 5, 115.

and the Sabbatian movement, 5, 151.

Эфоди. См. Профиат Дуран.

Eger, Akiba, reverence paid to, 5, 567.

Eger, Samuel, protests against reforms, 5, 562.

Egica, Visigothic king, forbids Jews to hold real estate, 3, 107–8.

Egidio de Viterbo, cardinal, sides with Reuchlin, 4, 457.

patron of Elias Levita, 4, 472, 564.

interested in the Kabbala, 4, 481, 583.

opposes the Portuguese Inquisition, 4, 507.

Egilbert, bishop of Treves, forcibly baptizes Jews, 3, 300, 306.

Eglon, king of Moab, killed by Ehud, 1, 60.

Eglon, king of, defeated by Joshua, 1, 34–5.

Egypt, priests of, 1, 10.

allied with Solomon, 1, 170.

hostile to Ben-hadad III, 1, 221.

helps the Idumæans against Uzziah, 1, 226.

allied with Hoshea, 1, 263.

allied with Hezekiah, 1, 270.

counsels resistance to Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 304, 306, 309.

Judæans take refuge in, 1, 317, 318, 324.

rebels against Persia, 1, 407–8.

given to Ptolemy I, 1, 418.

Judæans settle in, 1, 419.

taken by Antiochus III and Philip V of Macedon, 1, 432.

wars of, with Antiochus IV, 1, 450–1, 452–3.

number of Judæans in, 2, 201.

Zealots flee to, 2, 317–18.

study of the Law in, 2, 359.

succumbs to the Arabs, 3, 86.

Rabbanites in, in the ninth century, 3, 180.

Karaites spread to, 3, 182.

schools founded in, by the emissaries from Sora, 3, 208, 210.

part of the Fatimide Caliphate, 3, 248.

Jehuda Halevi in, 3, 339–41.

Abraham Ibn-Ezra in, 3, 369.

Maimonides in, 3, 445, 457.

Louis IX taken prisoner in, 3, 585.

in the Zohar, 4, 23.

Karaites of, inclined to Rabbanism, 4, 72.

the Spanish exiles in, 4, 392–6.

taken by the Turkish sultan, 4, 393.

Isaac Lurya in, 4, 618, 622.

conquered by Napoleon, 5, 459.

Crémieux’s schools in, 5, 671.

Egypt, the Jews of, celebrate two days of the new-moon, 2, 363.

rebel against Trajan, 2, 394, 395–8.

hail the Mahometans as liberators, 3, 88–9.

in the twelfth century, 3, 443–5.

governed by a Nagid, 3, 443.

lack of culture of, 3, 444–5.

pilgrimages of, 3, 445.

under Saladin, 3, 461.

liturgy of, changed by Maimonides, 3, 465–6.

exhorted to establish schools, 5, 663.

Egypt, the Judæans of, practice idolatry, 1, 326–7.

neglected under Amasis, 1, 327.

settlement of, encouraged, 1, 503.

equality of, with the Greeks, 1, 503.

alliance of, sought by Syrians and Egyptians, 1, 503–4.

faithful to the Ptolemies, 1, 504.

occupations of, 1, 504–5.

Greek learning of, 1, 505.

espouse the cause of Ptolemy VI, 1, 507.

recognize Onias IV as ethnarch, 1, 507.

sacrifice in the Temple of Onias, 1, 509.

maintain connection with the Temple at Jerusalem, 1, 509; 2, 52.

pleased with the Septuagint, 1, 511–12.

originate the sermon, 1, 515.

dispute with the Samaritans, 1, 517.

informed of the independence of Judæa, 1, 522–3.

urged to celebrate Chanukah, 2, 6–7.

prosperous under Cleopatra and Ptolemy VIII, 2, 12.

devoted to the cause of Octavius, 2, 102.

control the Nile harbors, 2, 102.

make annual pilgrimages to Jerusalem, 2, 220.

go to Jerusalem for the Passover of 66, 2, 251.

Egyptians, the, culture of, 1, 8.

pantheon of, 1, 9.

enslave the Israelites, 1, 11.

refuse to liberate the Israelites, 1, 16–17.

at the Red Sea, 1, 18–19.

Ehud, judge, routs the Moabites, 1, 60–1.

Eibeschütz, Jonathan (1690–1764), disciple of Nehemiah Chayon, 5, 218.

supposed Sabbatian, 5, 229, 248.

early education of, 5, 246–7.

as a Talmudist, 5, 247.

mysticism of, 5, 248.

weakness of the character of, 5, 248–9.

as teacher in Prague, 5, 249, 250.

excommunicates the Sabbatians, 5, 249.

clemency shown towards, 5, 249–50.

in intercourse with Jesuits, 5, 250.

obtains the right of printing the Talmud, 5, 250.

and the rabbinate of Metz, 5, 251.

accused of treason, 5, 252.

intercedes for the Jews of Moravia and Bohemia, 5, 253.

declared a traitor, 5, 253.

popular in Metz, 5, 253.

rabbi of the “three communities,” 5, 254, 256.

distributes amulets, 5, 257, 260.

called on by Emden to clear himself of the charge of Sabbatianism, 5, 258.

supported by his disciples, 5, 258, 259.

дело, поддержанное «тремя общинами», 5, 260–1.

opponents of, excommunicated, 5, 261.

publishes an encyclical, 5, 261–2.

invited to exculpate himself, 5, 262, 263.

excommunicated, 5, 263–4.

cause of, espoused by some rabbis, 5, 264.

case of, submitted to the king of Denmark, 5, 265, 268, 269.

letter to, from Ezekiel Landau, 5, 265–6.

associates himself with an apostate, 5, 267.

protected by the princes of Brunswick, 5, 267–8.

before a rabbinical court, 5, 268–9.

publishes a defense, 5, 270.

supposed to be a secret Christian, 5, 270.

again acknowledged rabbi of the “three communities,” 5, 271.

and the Frankists, 5, 289.

distrust of, 5, 289.

Eichhorn, exegete, 5, 623, 695.

Восемнадцать благословений. См. Берахот.

“Eighteen Things, The,” decreed by the school of Shammai, 2, 270.

permitted by Judah II, 2, 483–4.

Eisenach, the Jews of, during the Black Death persecutions, 4, 109.

Eisenmenger, John Andrew, Hebraist, revives the blood accusation, 5, 187.

title of the book by, against the Jews, 5, 188.

charges raised against the Jews by, 5, 188–9.

work of, suppressed, 5, 190.

death of, 5, 190.

См. «Разоблачённый иудаизм».

“Eisenmenger the Second, an open letter to Fichte,” by Saul Asher, 5, 463.

Ekron, Philistine city, 1, 54.

left in the possession of the Philistines, 1, 117.

center of Baal-zebub worship, 1, 207.

given to Jonathan Haphus, 1, 496.

fortified by the Syrians, 1, 529.

Elah, king of Israel, dissipation and death of, 1, 192.

El-Arish, taken by Napoleon, 5, 459.

El-Arish, the river of Egypt, boundary under David, 1, 129.

Elath, port on the Red Sea, 1, 170, 171, 177, 230.

Elchanan ben Isaac, descendant of Rashi, Tossafist, martyr, 3, 404.

Eldad, Karaite, adventurer, 3, 182.

spreads the news of the Jewish Chazar kingdom, 3, 220.

Elder, title of the ordained, 2, 361.

Elders, Council of the, formed by Moses, 1, 25–6.

Eleanor, mother of Edward I, hostile to the Jews, 3, 641, 645.

Eleanor, wife of Edward I, favorably inclined to the Jews, 3, 644.

Eleanora, wife of Louis VII of France, accompanies him on the second crusade, 3, 349.

Eleasa, camp of Judas Maccabæus at, 1, 486.

the battle of, Judas Maccabæus falls in, 1, 487.

Eleazar, Galilæan Judæan, persuades Izates of Adiabene to be circumcised, 2, 217.

Eleazar, high priest, and the Septuagint, 1, 514.

Eleazar, Jewish name of Bishop Bodo, 3, 169.

Eleazar, one of David’s warriors, 1, 116.

Eleazar of Antioch, refuses to sacrifice to the Greek gods, 1, 456.

Eleazar of Modin, member of the Jamnia Synhedrion, 2, 357.