«История евреев. Том 6»

defeated at Mount Baal-Perazim, 1, 116.

surrender Gath to the Israelites, 1, 117.

champions of, in the war with David, 1, 117.

routed by David, 1, 118.

at war with Nadab, 1, 189.

at war with Elah, 1, 192.

sell Judæan captives as slaves, 1, 227, 231.

attack Judah, 1, 258.

subdued by Sennacherib, 1, 270.

allied with Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 314.

molest Judæan fugitives, 1, 318.

in possession of Judæan territory under the Seleucidæ, 1, 435.

join Gorgias in his invasion of Judæa, 1, 467.

hostile to the Judæans during the Syrian invasions, 1, 473.

Philo the Elder, Egypto-Judæan poet, extols Jerusalem, 1, 517–18.

Philo Judæus, conception of the Messianic age held by, 2, 144–5.

brother of the Alabarch Alexander Lysimachus, 2, 176.

gives an account of Jewish renegades, 2, 184.

characterization of, 2, 184–5.

relation of, to Judaism, 2, 185.

wife of, 2, 186.

style of, 2, 186.

representative of the Alexandrian Judæans before Caligula, 2, 186.

contrasted with Apion, 2, 186–7.

as a writer, 2, 191.

visit of, to Jerusalem, 2, 194.

an allegorist, 2, 210.

reconciles the Law and his philosophy, 2, 210.

emphasizes obedience to the Law, 2, 210–11.

shows the beauty of the Jewish laws of humanity, 2, 211–12.

writes a philosophic commentary on the Pentateuch, 2, 212.

compared with Hillel and Jesus, 2, 214.

describes heathen proselytes of his day, 2, 215.

system of, aids Christianity, 2, 373.

the works of, read at the court of Louis the Pious, 3, 162.

the works of, connected with the Talmud, 4, 614.

studied by Frankel, 5, 684.

Филологи, еврейские. См. Грамматики, еврейские.

Philology, Hebrew, a special study of the Karaites, 3, 180.

Philosoph, Joseph, father-in-law of Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 166, 209.

supports the Messianic claims of Jacob Querido, 5, 210.

Philosophers, the Arabic, the sayings of, used by Solomon Ibn-Gebirol, 3, 267, 270.

Философы, еврейские, список:

Аарон бен Элия Никомеди,

Аарон бен Мешуллам,

Авраам бен Меир ибн-Эзра,

Авраам ибн-Дауд Халеви,

Авраам Маймони,

Абу-Амр Иосиф бен Цадик ибн-Цадик,

Алкути (Хефец),

Бахья бен Иосиф ибн-Пакуда,

Хасдай Крескас,

Давид ибн-Альбилла,

Элиас дель Медиго,

Исаак бен Сулейман Исраэли,

Исаак Альбалаг,

Исаак Пульгар,

Иехуда Халеви,

Иосиф бен Шем Тов ибн-Шем Тов,

Иосиф Альбо,

Иосиф Каспи,

Калонимос бен Калонимос,

Леон Иехуда Абрабанель,

Леви бен Авраам бен Хаим,

Леви бен Гершон,

Мантин, Яков,

Меир Альгуадес,

Моше бен Маймон,

Моше бен Иехошуа Нарбони,

Моше ибн-Эзра,

Филон,

Саадия бен Иосиф,

Самуил ибн-Аббас,

Самуил Халеви ибн-Нагрила,

Шем Тов Фалакера,

Шешет Бенвенисте,

Шломо ибн-Гебироль,

Спиноза, Барух,

Штейнхайм, Шломо Людвиг.

“Philosophical Conversations, The,” by Mendelssohn, 5, 298–9.

Philosophy, Philo’s attempt to reconcile, with the Law, 2, 210, 212–13.

cultivated by the Spanish Jews in the tenth and eleventh centuries, 3, 235.

characterized by Jehuda Halevi, 3, 328, 330, 331.

connected with Judaism by Maimonides, 3, 478–9.

in disrepute in Spain in the fourteenth century, 4, 91.

Phineas, high priest, punishes immoral practices, 1, 29.

seat of, at Shiloh, 1, 41.

Phineas, leader of the Idumæans, helps the Zealots, 2, 295.

Phineas, rabbi of Breslau, hangs himself, 4, 262.

Phineas ben Meshullam, rabbi of Alexandria, 3, 444.

Phineas ben Samuel, made high priest by the Zealots, 2, 294.

Phineas, son of Eli, character of, 1, 70.

death of, 1, 70.

Phocas, usurps the throne of Mauritius, 3, 18.

chastisement of, 3, 19.

Phœnicia, subdued by Shalmaneser, 1, 263, 264.

subdued by Sennacherib, 1, 270.

conquered by Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 304.

Nabonad permits native kings to rule over, 1, 342.

conquered by Alexander the Great, 1, 412.

Joseph made tax gatherer of, 1, 425.

Olympian games introduced into, 1, 445.

the towns of, revolt from Antiochus Epiphanes, 1, 463.

Phœnician merchants settle in Jerusalem, 1, 169.

Phœnicians, the, early culture of, 1, 53–4.

relations of, to the Israelites, 1, 56–8.

defeated by the Philistines, 1, 80.

weakened by civil wars, 1, 232.

hostile to the Judæans during the Syrian invasions, 1, 474.

См. также Ханаанеи.

Phraortes, king of Media, defeated by the Assyrians, 1, 287.

Phylacteries (Tephillin), the, the use of, prohibited under Hadrian, 2, 424.

abolished by Anan ben David, 3, 132.

Physicians, Jewish, popular with the clergy of the Frankish and Burgundian kingdoms, 3, 35.

in Taberistan, 3, 146.

на службе у христианских правителей, 3, 170, 213, 242, 292, 425, 536, 537, 583, 628; 4, 2, 80, 184, 185, 190, 275, 287, 367, 411, 413, 555, 584–5, 673, 692; 5, 76, 115.

employed by Mahometan rulers, 3, 211, 312, 443, 495, 638; 4, 401.

sought by the Christians in Palestine, 3, 341.

in Lynn, 3, 412.

popular with Christians, 3, 581.

prevented by the Council of Béziers from attending Christians, 3, 582.

indispensableness of, 3, 583.

employed by the popes, 3, 628; 4, 200, 407–8, 411, 515, 569.

not permitted to practice under Juan II, 4, 203.

forbidden to practice by Benedict XIII, 4, 216.

employment of, forbidden by the council of Basle, 4, 245.

proscribed by Eugenius IV, 4, 250.

protected by Juan II of Castile, 4, 252.

proscribed by Nicholas V, 4, 253, 287.

employed by the nobles and the clergy, 4, 275.

esteemed in Italy in the fifteenth century, 4, 287.

missed after the expulsion from Spain, 4, 353–4.

preferred in Turkey, 4, 401.

accused of quackery by Pfefferkorn, 4, 427.

the only ones in Portugal, 4, 488.

forbidden by Paul IV to attend Christians, 4, 567.

employment of, forbidden by Gregory XIII, 4, 653.

permitted by Sixtus V to practice, 4, 656.

defended by David de Pomis, 4, 656–7.

envied in Hamburg, 4, 690.

forbidden to practice among Christians in Hamburg, 4, 692.

of Berlin, not included in the list of physicians, 5, 461.

Врачи, еврейские, список:

Аарон бен Цион ибн-Аламани,

Авраам де Бальмес,

Авраам из Арагона (окулист),

Авраам бен Иосиф Старший,

Авраам ибн-Дауд Халеви,

Авраам ибн-Зарзаль,

Авраам Маймони,

Авраам Закуто Лузитано,

Абу Аюб,

Абу Ибрагим Исаак ибн-Кастан,

Абу Сахал Али,

Абульхассан Авраам бен Меир ибн-Камниаль,

Аматус Лузитанус,

Амрам бен Исаак ибн-Шалбиб,

Бахья ибн-Альконстантини,

Биньямин Ассия,

Бонет де Латес,

Кардоза, Авраам Михаэль,

Кардозо, Фернандо (Исаак),

Кастро, Бальтазар Оробио де,

Кастро, Бендито де,

Кастро, Родриго де,

Хамиз, Иосиф,

Хасдай ибн-Шапрут,

Коэн, Перахия,

Давид де Помис,

Делла Вольта, Самуил Вита,

Дельмедиго, Иосиф Шломо,

Дунаш бен Тамим,

Элиас Монтальто,

Фаррадж ибн-Шломо,

Гамлиэль VI,

Гульельмо ди Порталеоне,

Хамон, Исаак,

Хамон, Иосиф,

Хамон, Моше,

Герц, Маркус,

Гиллель бен Самуил,

Исаак бен Мордехай,

Исаак бен Сулейман Исраэли,

Исаак II Абрабанель,

Исаак Бенвенисте,

Яков бен Махир Тиббон,

Яков бен Йехиэль Лоанс,

Яков ибн-Нуньес,

Яков Аби-Аюб,

Иехуда бар Иосиф ибн-Альфахар,

Иехуда Халеви,

Иосиф бен Иехошуа Коэн,

Иосиф бен Сабара,

Иосиф Альбо,

Иосиф Орабуэна,

Иехошуа бен Иосиф ибн-Вивес Аллоркви,

Иехуда де Бланис,

Иехуда бен Моше Коэн,

Иехуда бен Шауль ибн-Тиббон,

Иехуда бен Йехиэль,

Иехуда Леон Абрабанель,

Леви бен Гершон,

Липпольд,

Мантин, Яков,

Меир Альгуадес,

Мессер-Джаваи,

Моше бен Исаак да Риети,

Моше бен Маймон,

Моше бен Нахман,

Моше ибн-Тиббон,

Моше Зарзель,

Мусафия, Биньямин,

Натаниэль из Багдада,

Натаниэль из Египта,

Натаниэль ибн-Альмали,

Непи, Грациадио,

Нието, Давид,

Овадья де Сфорно,

Профиат Дуран,

Раймух, Аструк,

Саад-ад-Даула,

Шабтай Донноло,

Сахал Раббан,

Самуил,

Самуил ибн-Вакар,

Самуил Шулам,

Шауль Аструк Коэн,

Серахья бен Исаак,

Шем Тов бен Исаак,

Шешет бен Бенвенисте,

Сильва, Самуил да,

Шимон бен Цемах Дуран,

Шимон Зарфати,

Шломо Египтянин,

Шломо бен Яков,

Штейнхайм, Шломо Людвиг,

Товия из Тренто,

Весиньо, Иосиф,

Видаль бен Бенвенисте ибн-Лаби,

Цедекия,

Цемах, Яков.

Physicians, Samaritan and Saracen, in favor with the Christians in Palestine, 3, 341.

Picard, the family of, culture of, 5, 476.

Picciotto, Isaac Levi, accused of ritual murder, 5, 638.

upbraids the accusers with their inhumanity, 5, 639.

protected by the Austrian consul, 5, 639, 646.

Пишон, Иосиф. См. Иосиф Пишон.

Pico di Mirandola, disciple and friend of Elias del Medigo, 4, 290.

erudition of, 4, 290–1.

student of the Kabbala, 4, 291–2.

translates Kabbalistic writings, 4, 292.

friend of Judah Leon Abrabanel, 4, 384.

inspires Reuchlin with love of Hebrew learning, 4, 433.

admirer of the Kabbala, 4, 443, 583.

Piedmont, French exiles settle in, 4, 177.

Pieva di Sacco. Jewish printing house in, 4, 289.

Pilate, Pontius, fifth procurator of Judæa, administration of, 2, 138–9.

uses the Temple treasures for an aqueduct, 2, 139–40.

permits the execution of Jesus, 2, 164.

declares Jesus guilty of treason, 2, 164.

hated, 2, 171.

cruelty of, to Samaritans, 2, 171–2.

summoned to Rome, 2, 172.

Pilgrimages among Asiatic Jews, 3, 440–1.

of the Egyptian Jews, 3, 445.

to Jerusalem in the fourteenth century, 4, 73–4.

Pilpul, method of Talmud study attributed to Jacob Polak, 4, 418.

Пиментель, Мануэль. См. Абенакар, Исаак.

Пина, Пауль де. См. Йешурун, Рохель.

Pinchas ben Jaïr, opposes the abolition of the year of release, 2, 459–60.

Pinchas Ibn-Azura, Jewish opponent of Mahomet, 3, 74.

one of the Benu-Kainukaa, 3, 76.

Pinczovinians, the, Unitarians in Poland, 4, 647.

Pinedo, Isaac (Thomas) de (1614–1679), Marrano scholar, 5, 114.

unaffected by Spinoza’s attack upon Judaism, 5, 117.

Sachs compared with, 5, 688.

Pinheiro, Diogo, bishop, opposes the establishment of the Portuguese Inquisition, 4, 500.

Pinheiro, Moses, follower of Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 123.

encourages the Sabbatian movement in Italy, 5, 160.

teaches the Kabbala, 5, 164.

Pinto, Aaron de, supports Chayon’s cause, 5, 223.

refuses reconciliation with Chacham Zevi, 5, 224.

forbids opposition to Chayon, 5, 224.

summons Chacham Zevi before the Council, 5, 226.

Pinto, Abraham, founder of the Rotterdam Jewish community, 4, 685.

Pinto, David, founder of the Rotterdam Jewish community, 4, 685.

Pinto, David, espouses Eibeschütz’s cause, 5, 264.

Pinto, Diogo Rodrigues, advocate of the Portuguese Marranos at Rome, 4, 515, 516.

Pinto, Isaac (1715–1787), Marrano, disinterestedness of, 5, 340.

devoted to the Portuguese Jews, 5, 341, 344.

wins the Duc de Richelieu to his side, 5, 343.

answers Voltaire’s defamation of Judaism, 5, 345, 346.

distinguishes the Portuguese Jews, 5, 345–6.

the work by, quoted in the Batavian National Assembly, 5, 456.

Pintos, the, millionaires in Amsterdam, 5, 205.

Пирес, Диогу. См. Молхо, Шломо.

Pirke Aboth, a treatise of the Mishna, 2, 478.

Pirkheimer, Willibald, humanist, and the expulsion of the Jews, 4, 416.

Pisa, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 424.

the commerce of, in the fifteenth century, 4, 285.

the Spanish exiles well treated in, 4, 360.

exiles from the Papal States in, 4, 659.

Pisidia, mercenaries from, hired by Alexander Jannæus, 2, 39.

Pitholaus, general of Hyrcanus II, joins Aristobulus II, 2, 73.

sentenced to death, 2, 74.

Pius IV, pope, appealed to in behalf of the Jews of Prague, 4, 586–7.

character of, 4, 588.

appealed to by the Jews of Rome, 4, 588.

permits the appearance of the Talmud, 4, 589.

recommends censorship to be exercised over the Talmud, 4, 658.

Pius V, pope, severity of, 4, 589.

places the old canonical restrictions on the Jews, 4, 590.

persecutes the Jews of the Papal States, 4, 590.

expels the Jews from the Papal States, 4, 591–2.

tries to organize a crusade against Turkey, 4, 601.

hostility of, to the Jews, 4, 653.

Pius VII, pope, opposed to the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 518.

Pius IX, pope, action of, in the Mortara case, 5, 701.

reactionary policy of, 5, 701.

Piyutim, the productions of the poetans, introduced into the liturgy, 3, 117–18.

objected to by the Chassidim, 5, 386–7.

См. также Литургическая поэзия; Неогебраическая поэзия; Поэзия; Пайтаним.

Place of the sellers of Ointment in Jerusalem, 1, 140.

Placidus, Roman general under Titus, 2, 290.

Plague, the, under Marcus Aurelius, 2, 451.

attacks the Spanish exiles in Naples, 4, 359–60.

keeps the Spanish exiles out of Italy, 4, 363.

in Portugal attributed to the Jews, 4, 368.

attributed to the Marranos, 4, 486–7.

“Plaints of a Jew, The,” by Joel Jacoby, 5, 630–1.

Plantavicius, Jacob, bishop, taught by Leo Modena, 5, 71.

Plato, read by the Alexandrian Judæans, 1, 505.

style of, and Philo’s, 2, 186.

the sayings of, used by Solomon Ibn-Gebirol, 3, 267.

theories of, in the prophetical writings and the Agada, 3, 479.

in Immanuel Romi’s work, 4, 66.

quoted by Jewish preachers, 4, 232.

Plotina, wife of Trajan, counsels the punishment of the Jews, 2, 395.

names Hadrian as Trajan’s successor, 2, 399.

Пневматики. См. Гностицизм.

Podolia, Haidamaks in, 5, 11.

Jews banished from a part of, 5, 12.

immorality of the Sabbatians of, 5, 228.

Sabbatians in, 5, 272.

leader of the Sabbatians of, 5, 273–4.

devastated by the Cossacks, 5, 388.

Poetanim, the, earliest works of, 3, 114.

introduce rhyme into Neo-Hebraic poetry, 3, 116.

liturgical compositions of, forbidden by Anan ben David, 3, 132.

См. Литургическая поэзия; Неогебраическая поэзия; Поэзия; Пиютим; Поэты.

Poetry, early Hebrew, 1, 29.

on the destruction of Jerusalem, 1, 316.

cultivated by the Arabic Jews, 3, 57–8.

cultivated by the Spanish Jews in the tenth and eleventh centuries, 3, 235.

as viewed by Maimonides, 3, 449–50.

the Jews in, 4, 164.

См. Еврейская литература; Литература, еврейская; Литургическая поэзия; Неогебраическая поэзия.

Poetry, Jewish mediæval, treated of by Sachs, 5, 693–4.

by Zunz, 5, 694.

Poetry, Spanish-Jewish, in the twelfth century, 3, 317–18.

history of, by Moses Ibn-Ezra, 3, 320.

Поэты, еврейские, список:

Аарон бен Цион ибн-Аламани,

Авраам бен Хасдай,

Авраам бен Меир ибн-Эзра,

Авраам Бедареси,

Абу-Афак,

Абу-Амр бен Иосиф ибн-Цадик,

Абу Аюб,

Абу Фадль Хасдай,

Алмейда, Мануэлла Нуньес да,

Аскарелли, Дебора,

Асма,

Бельмонте, Бьенвенида Коэн,

Бельмонте, Яков Исраэль,

Бельмонте, Мануэль,

Бен Ашер, Аарон и Моше,

Берахья бен Натронай Накдан,

Дунаш бен Лабрат,

Элеазар бен Калир,

Эншейм, Моше,

Эфраим бен Яков из Бонна,

Эртер, Исаак,

Фонсека Пинто и Пиментель, Сара де,

Гомес, Исаак, де Соса,

Халеви, Элия,

Ибн-Сахула,

Иммануэль бен Шломо Роми,

Исаак бен Иехуда ибн-Гиат,

Исаак бен Реувен Албергелони,

Исаак ибн-Эзра,

Исаак ибн-Гикатилья,

Исраэль Наджара,

Яннай,

Иехуда бен Исаак бен Шабтай,

Иехуда Альхаризи,

Иехуда Халеви,

Иехуда Зарко,

Йефет ибн-Али Халеви,

Йешурун, Давид,

Йешурун, Рохель,

Хосе бар Хосе Хаятом,

Иосиф бен Хасдай,

Иосиф бен Исаак ибн-Абитур,

Иосиф бен Сабара,

Иосиф Эзоби,

Иехуда ибн-Аббас,

Иехуда ибн-Гиат,

Иехуда Сицилиано,

Калонимос бен Калонимос,

Лагуна, Лопес,

Луццатто, Моше Хаим,

Луццатто, Самуил Давид,

Мар-Укба,

Менахем бен Сарук,

Мендес, Давид Франко,

Мешуллам Эн-Видас Дафьера,

Михаэль бен Калеб,

Моше бен Исаак да Риети,

Моше ибн-Эзра,

Моше Зарзель,

Пас, Энрике Энрикес де,

Пенсо, Иосиф,

Саадио Лонго,

Шабтай Донноло,

Самуил ибн-Аббас,

Самуил ибн-Адия,

Самуил Халеви ибн-Нагрила,

Сантоб де Каррион,

Шем Тов Фалакера,

Сивилла,

Сильвейра, Мигель,

Шимон бар Каппара,

Шимон бен Каифа,

Шимон бен Исаак бен Абун,

Шломо бен Реувен Бонфед,

Шломо бен Йерухам,

Шломо ибн-Гебироль,

Шломо ибн-Сакбель,

Шломо Алькабец,

Шломо Дафьера,

Суллам, Сара Копия,

Зюскинд из Тримберга,

Уске, Самуил,

Уске, Шломо.

Видаль бен Бенвенисте ибн-Лаби,

Вессели, Нафтали Хартвиг,

Йедая Эн-Боне,

Зарак Барфат.

Poitou, rabbis from, at the first rabbinical synod, 3, 377.

Poitou, the Jews of, under Henry II, 3, 409.

maltreated by crusaders, 3, 570.

persecution of, 3, 573.

Полак, Яков. См. Яков Полак.

Poland, Jews in, in the ninth century, 3, 144.

Jewish exiles from Austria settle in, 4, 224.

a refuge for persecuted Jews, 4, 263, 418–19, 420, 631–2.

clergy of, hostile to the Jews, 4, 265.

at war with the Teutonic knights, 4, 266.

the rabbis of, important to the crown, 4, 420.

rabbinical schools established in, 4, 420.

the Protestant Reformation in, 4, 469.

professorships for Hebrew instituted in, 4, 471.

Messianic hopes in, connected with Solomon Molcho, 4, 497.

refuge of the Bohemian Jews, 4, 544.

election of a king of, 4, 603–5.

a party in, hostile to the Jews, 4, 632.

number of Jews in, 4, 632.

influence of the Reformation in, 4, 633, 646–7.

Talmudical schools in, 4, 634, 639–40.

refuge for the Jewish victims of the Thirty Years’ War, 5, 2.

value of Jews to, 5, 2.

Joseph Delmedigo in, 5, 76–7.

exiles from Vienna settle in, 5, 173.

Karaites in, 5, 182–3.

the Sabbatian movement in, 5, 209, 212.

spread of Sabbatianism in, 5, 228.

the rabbis of, express willingness to excommunicate Luzzatto, 5, 241.

the rabbis of, excommunicate Eibeschütz’s opponents, 5, 261.

the Eibeschütz-Emden controversy transplanted to, 5, 262–3.

subscribers to Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation in, 5, 329.

feverish Messianic expectations in, 5, 377.

power of the Kabbala in, 5, 382.

dismembered, 5, 392.

second partition of, 5, 394.

the rabbis of, oppose the Reform movement, 5, 571.

Poland, the Jews of, begin the study of the Talmud, 3, 421.

indispensable to the country, 3, 613; 4, 263.

proscribed by the Council of Buda, 3, 614.

privileges of, extended by Casimir III, 4, 111.

protected by Casimir III during the Black Death persecutions, 4, 111, 112.

the liturgy of, compiled by Maharil, 4, 225.

privileges granted to, by Casimir IV, 4, 263–5.

privileges of, revoked, 4, 266.

occupations of, 4, 418–19.

under Casimir IV, John Albert, Alexander, and Sigismund I, 4, 419.

supported by the Polish nobility, 4, 419–20.

culture of, in the sixteenth century, 4, 633–4.

influenced by Talmud study, 4, 634.

Talmudic attainments of, 4, 639–41.

language of, 4, 641; 5, 206.

privileges of, 4, 642–3.

profit by the elective monarchy, 4, 642.

well treated by Stephen Bathori, 4, 642–3.

assailed by Klonowicz, 4, 643.

under Sigismund III, 4, 643.

organize regular conferences, 4, 643–5.

influence of the Reformation on, 4, 647–8.

helped by those of Germany, 4, 707–8.

persecuted at the instigation of the Jesuits, 5, 1.

made tax farmers in Cossack districts, 5, 3.

form a state within the state, 5, 3–4.

devoted to the study of the Talmud, 5, 4–6.

help to enslave the Cossacks, 5, 6.

slain by the Cossacks, 5, 6.

plundered and murdered by Tartars and Cossacks, 5, 7–8.

sufferings of, from the Haidamaks, 5, 8–10, 11–12.

protected by Vishnioviecki, 5, 10.

banishment of, from Cossack provinces, stipulated by Chmielnicki, 5, 12.

banished from the Cossack provinces, 5, 12.

attacked by the Cossacks, 5, 14.

rights of, guarded in the second treaty with Chmielnicki, 5, 14.

suffering of, from Russians and Cossacks, 5, 14–15.

suffering of, in the Swedish war, 5, 15.

ill-used by Czarnicki, 5, 15.

ill-used by Ragoczi, 5, 15.

losses of, during the Cossack wars, 5, 15.

as fugitives in Europe, 5, 15–16.

spread their method of Talmud study throughout Europe, 5, 16–17.

poverty of, 5, 205–6.

fill the rabbinates of Europe, 5, 206.

suffer during the Confederation War, 5, 387–8.

Poland, the Sabbatians of, encouraged by the Eibeschütz controversy, 5, 272.

Jacob Frank the leader of, 5, 273.

scoff at Rabbinical Judaism, 5, 276.

См. Франкисты.

Poland, Greater, adopts the Jewish statute of Frederick the Valiant, 3, 569.

the Jews of, represented in the Synod of the Four Countries, 4, 644.

Poland, Little, the Jews of, represented in the Synod of the Four Countries, 4, 644.

Poland, Southern, the Karaites emigrate from, 4, 269.

Polemical works against Christianity, by Jews in Spain in the seventh century, 3, 50–1.

under Wamba, 3, 105.

by Joseph Kimchi, 3, 392–3.

by Solomon ben Adret, 3, 623.

by Shem-Tob ben Isaac Shaprut, 4, 142.

by Solomon Bonfed, 4, 182.

by Joshua Vives, 4, 187.

by Profiat Duran, 4, 188–90.

by Isaac ben Kalonymos, 4, 234.

by Joseph Ibn-Shem Tob, 4, 235.

by Chayim Ibn-Musa, 4, 237.

by Simon and Solomon Duran, 4, 237–8.

by Abraham Farissol, 4, 413.

by Isaac Troki, 4, 648.

by Jacob Jehuda Leon (?), 4, 691–2.

Polemon, prince of Cilicia, allied with Agrippa I, 2, 196.

husband of Berenice, 2, 235.

Polish Jews in intercourse with Mendelssohn, 5, 317–18.

Polish translation of the Bible, 4, 647.

Poll-tax (Leibzoll), the, on Jews, levied by Domitian, 2, 388–9.

reduced by Nerva, 2, 391–2.

paid by the Babylonian Jews, 2, 508; 3, 5.

imposed by Wenceslaus, 4, 166.

removed by Joseph II, 5, 357.

the abolition of, agitated in Prussia, 5, 414.

partially abolished in Prussia, 5, 415.

abolished in France and Austria, 5, 415.

abrogated by Louis XVI in France, 5, 432.

objected to by the Dutch Jews in Germany, 5, 458.

abrogated by Austria and Prussia, 5, 464.

imposed upon foreign Jews in Germany, 5, 464.

objected to by the French government, 5, 465.

removed in several small German states, 5, 465.

the removal of, agitated before the Congress of Ratisbon, 5, 466.

the agitation against, led by Jacobson and Breidenbach, 5, 466–7.

abolished in Brunswick Lüneburg, 5, 467.

the agitation against by Breidenbach, 5, 467–8.

abolished in some districts, 5, 468.

not completely abolished, 5, 472.

paid by Jews in Lübeck, 5, 506.

in Bremen, 5, 507.

retained in Saxony, 5, 509.

См. также Налог.

Polonnoie, the Jews of, massacred by the Cossacks, 5, 11.

Polygamy, forbidden by Gershom ben Jehuda, 3, 244.

the abrogation of Gershom ben Jehuda’s ordinance on, 3, 378.

discussed by the Assembly of Jewish Notables, 5, 489, 491.

discussed by the Synhedrion, 5, 497.

Polytheism, effects of, 5, 709.

Pompey, legate of, in Judæa, 2, 61–2.

bribed by Aristobulus II, 2, 62–3.

summons Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II to Damascus, 2, 63.

favors Hyrcanus II, 2, 64.

takes the field against Aristobulus II, 2, 64.

besieges Jerusalem, 2, 64–6.

enters the Holy of Holies, 2, 66.

makes Hyrcanus II ethnarch, 2, 66.

treats Judæa as a conquered province, 2, 67.

a member of the first triumvirate, 2, 73.

partisans of, poison Aristobulus II, 2, 75.

Pons Judæorum in Rome, 2, 68.

Pontus, the soldiery of Vibius Marsus banished to, 2, 197.

Popes, the, tolerant of the Jews, 3, 25, 33.

denounced by Arnold of Brescia, 3, 370.

fugitive, convene Church Councils in France, 3, 376–7.

employ Jewish physicians, 3, 628; 4, 200, 407–8, 411, 515, 569.

in Avignon, tolerate the Jews after their banishment by Charles VI, 4, 177.

См. также Буллы; Папство.

Porcelain, forced on the Berlin Jews, 5, 415.

Porobischa, the Jews of, surrender to the Tartars, 5, 8.

Portugal, Jews in, in the twelfth century, 3, 384.

union of, with Castile, 4, 161.

Marranos escape to, from the Inquisition, 4, 318.

Jewish exiles from Spain go to, 4, 352.

the Spanish exiles in, 4, 365–81.

fever for discoveries in, 4, 368.

the Spanish exiles leave, 4, 369.

Spanish exiles sold as slaves in, 4, 371.

exiles from, form a congregation in Constantinople, 4, 402.

considered a refuge for Marranos, 4, 486.

the plague in, attributed to the Marranos, 4, 486, 487.

Marranos a profitable population to, 4, 527–8.

autos-da-fé in, 5, 91.

discusses the re-admission of Jews, 5, 532.

Portugal, the Jews of, in the thirteenth century, 3, 617–18.

under Ferdinand I, 4, 158–9.

under João I, 4, 173.

spared Vincent Ferrer’s propaganda, 4, 218.

prosperity of, under Alfonso V, 4, 338–9.

oppose the settlement of the Spanish exiles, 4, 366.

kindly treated by Manoel, 4, 372.

banished, 4, 374.

delay departure, 4, 374–5.

children of, baptized, 4, 375–6.

urged to accept Christianity, 4, 377–8.

depart, 4, 380–1.

in the Netherlands, 4, 662.

См. также Марраны, португальские.

Porphyry (Malchus), philosopher, writes a commentary on Daniel, 2, 502.

Порталеоне, Гульельмо. См. Гульельмо ди Порталеоне.

Portalis, imperial commissioner to the Assembly of Jewish Notables, 5, 485.

Porteiro jurado, Jewish-Portuguese sheriff, 4, 159.

Porto, Jewish center in Portugal, 4, 159.

Posen, the Jewish charter burnt at, 4, 263.

number of the Jews of, 4, 632.

the Jews of, protected by Stephen Bathori, 4, 642.

the German population of, 5, 3.

Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation forbidden in, 5, 332.

the rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, 5, 571.

Posidonius, Nicanor’s envoy to Judas Maccabæus, 1, 484.

Posidonius, Stoic philosopher, maligns Judaism, 2, 178.

Posquières, the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 399.

Potocki, Polish general, delivered to the Tartars by the Cossacks, 5, 7.

Potocki, the house of, controls Cossack colonization, 5, 3.

Prague, Joseph Delmedigo at, 5, 80.

rabbis of, Poles, 5, 206.

refuses to admit Chayon, 5, 231.

Eibeschütz as teacher in, 5, 249.

occupied by Charles VII, 5, 251.

appoints no rabbi, 5, 566.

the Talmud school of, closed, 5, 567.

Prague, the Jews of, suffering of, during the first crusade, 3, 305.

charged with host desecration, 4, 164–6.

massacred, 4, 165.

attacked on account of the Alenu prayer, 4, 178.

plundered, 4, 417.

lack of rabbinical learning among, 4, 418.

exiled by Ferdinand I, 4, 544, 586.

deprived of their prayer books, 4, 584.

suffer from fire, 4, 585.

in bad repute, 4, 585–6.

appeal to Pius IV, 4, 586.

recalled, 4, 587.

submit disputes to the Polish Talmudists, 4, 639.

number of, in the seventeenth century, 4, 694.

accuse Lipmann Heller, 4, 704–5.

participation of, in the Thirty Years’ War, 4, 707.

suffering of, on being banished, 5, 252.

restrictions against, 5, 253.

welcome Joseph II’s reforms, 5, 370.

establish a secular school, 5, 371.

modify their divine service, 5, 582.

Prayer, the order of, introduced by the Sopherim, 1, 401.

mystical importance of, in the Kabbala, 3, 553–4.

book, Karaite, 4, 71.

devotion in, emphasized in Lurya’s Kabbala, 4, 626.

См. также Литургия.

“Prayer Book for Israelites,” compiled by the Reform Temple Union in Hamburg, 5, 673.

the use of, forbidden by Chacham Bernays, 5, 673.

Молитвенники. См. Конфискация; Литургия.

Prayers, penitential, commemorating the Cossack massacres, 5, 13.

Prayers for rain, 2, 492, 541–2, 579.

Prayers, set, introduced by Gamaliel II, 2, 363.

См. также Литургия.

Press, the, censorship of, introduced by Caraffa, 4, 563.

Prester John, alluded to, 4, 368.

Preteau, president of the National Assembly, on the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 440–1.

Priesthood, the, defended by Jesus Sirach, 1, 440–1.

Priests, the, at Shiloh, 1, 57.

under Samuel, 1, 79.

under Ahaz abet licentiousness and idolatry, 1, 261.

recalled to the Temple under Josiah, 1, 289.

instigate an attack on Jeremiah, 1, 302–3.

carry the Pentateuch into captivity with them, 1, 334.

abandon the Temple after the sack of Jerusalem by Apollonius, 1, 454.

re-instated by the Maccabees, 1, 473.

members of the Hellenist party, 1, 489.

fugitive, officiate in the Temple of Onias, 1, 508.

См. также Аарониды; Первосвященники; Левиты.

Primates, heads of the Jewish communities of Palestine, 2, 612, 613.

Primo, Samuel, private secretary of Sabbataï Zevi, accompanies him to Smyrna, 5, 133.

spreads abroad the Messiah’s fame, 5, 137.

wishes to modify the Rabbinical system, 5, 142.

abolishes the Fast of Tebeth, 5, 143.

accompanies Sabbataï to Constantinople, 5, 146.

spreads reports of Sabbataï’s reception at Constantinople, 5, 147–8.

accompanies Sabbataï to his Abydos prison, 5, 148.

proposes capital punishment for the Kofrim, 5, 150.

abolishes the Fast of Tammuz, 5, 151.

clings to Sabbataï after his apostasy, 5, 156.

proves Sabbataï the true Messiah through his conversion, 5, 157–8.

and Chayim Malach, 5, 213.

and Nehemiah Chayon, 5, 216.

Prince, title of the president of the Synhedrion, 2, 334.

“Prince and the Dervish, The,” moral romance by Abraham Ibn-Chasdaï, 3, 388, 560.

Князья изгнания. См. Эксилархат; Эксилархи.

Printing, the art of, among the Jews of Italy in the fifteenth century, 4, 289.

Printing presses, Hebrew, in Italy, 4, 289.

in Prague, 4, 418.

at Isny, 4, 474.

at Ferrara closed, 4, 580.

of the Soncin family, 4, 586.

established by Reyna Nassi, 4, 628.

in Amsterdam, 4, 675.

in Altona, 5, 255.

in Berlin, 5, 416.

Priscus, name borne by Gallic Jews, 3, 36.

Procopius, historian, on the bravery of the Jews of Naples, 3, 32.

Procurator, the, title of the representative of Imperial Rome in Judæa, 2, 128.

duties of, 2, 129.

installs the high priests, 2, 129.

Прокураторы Иудеи, список:

Амбивий, Марк,

Альбин,

Копоний,

Куман,

Фадус, Куспий,

Феликс,

Фест,

Флор, Гессий,

Гратус, Валерий,

Пилат, Понтий,

Руф, Анний,

Тиберий Юлий Александр.

См. также Иудея, римские наместники; Сирия, римские наместники.

Профиат (Профаций). См. Яков бен Махир Тиббон.

Profiat Duran (Isaac ben Moses, Efodi), Marrano, scholar, returns to Judaism, 4, 188.

attacks Christianity, 4, 188–90, 235.

commentaries, mathematical work, and grammar by, 4, 191.

Prophecies, the, before the exile, summed up, 1, 335.

Prophecy, meaning of, 1, 14–15.

displaced by the written law, 1, 385.

как объяснено в «Путеводителе растерянных», 3, 482–3.

in Maimonides’ system, 3, 523.

“Prophet of Samaria,” Elisha, 1, 218.

Prophet, the, of the Captivity, Isaiah the Babylonian, 1, 345.

Prophets, the, activity of, under Jehoiakim, 1, 301.

characteristics of, 5, 719.

Prophets, the associations of, 1, 205.

development of, under Jeroboam II, 1, 234.

Prophets, the, the writings of, carried into the Babylonian exile, 1, 334.

collected by the Sopherim, 1, 400.

rejected by the Samaritans, 1, 400.

Chaldaic translation of, 2, 131.

translated into Chaldaic by Joseph ben Chiya, 2, 581–2.

commentaries on, by Joseph Kara, 3, 346.

contain philosophical doctrines, 3, 479.

Пророки, список:

Ахия из Шило,

Амос,

Девора,

Илия,

Елисей,

Иезекииль,

Гад,

Аввакум,

Аггей,

Осия (I),

Осия (II),

Хульда,

Исаия, сын Амоца,

Исаия Вавилонский,

Иеремия,

Иоиль,

Иона,

Малахия,

Михей (II),

Михая (Михей I),

Моше,

Нафан,

Овадья,

Шемая,

Урия,

Захария I,

Захария II,

Софония.

“Prophets of the Old Testament, The,” by Ewald, 5, 696.

Prophets, the Earlier, four historical books in the Scriptures, 1, 400.

commentary on, by Isaac Abrabanel, 4, 342–3.

Prophets, the false, under Ahaz, 1, 262.

under Manasseh, 1, 283.

under Jehoiakim, 1, 300.

instigate an attack upon Jeremiah, 1, 302–3.

urge Zedekiah to revolt, 1, 310.

Prophets, the Later, fifteen prophetical books in the Scriptures, 1, 400.

Prophets, the Twelve, commentary on, by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, 3, 373.

“Proposals in Favor of the Jews,” pamphlet by Grégoire, 5, 437.

Prosbol, the statute concerning debts, enacted under Hillel, 2, 100.

Proselytes, standing of, according to Ezra, 1, 367.

various authorities on the admission of, 2, 384–5.

true, in the daily prayers, 2, 384.

severely treated by Domitian, 2, 388–9.

under Nerva, 2, 391–2.

См. также Обрезание; Обращение в иудаизм.

Прозелиты, список:

Fulvia, Roman patrician, 2, 136, 215.

the royal house of Adiabene, 2, 194, 216–19.

Polemon of Cilicia, 2, 235.

Aziz of Emesa, 2, 235.

Akylas, 2, 385.

Clemens, Flavius, 2, 387.

the inhabitants of Machuza, 2, 507, 586–8.

Issor, 2, 587–8.

Abraham, a monk, 3, 21.

the kings of the Jewish-Himyarite empire, 3, 51.

Arab tribes before the sixth century, 3, 61.

Abu-Kariba, 3, 62–3.

Harith Ibn-Amru, 3, 63.

the Kendites, 3, 63.

Waraka Ibn-Naufal, 3, 71.

the Chazars, 3, 139–41.

Bodo, bishop, 3, 168–70.

Wecelinus, chaplain, 3, 245.

the inhabitants of the Moshic hills in Armenia, 3, 439–40.

a dignitary of the Church in England, 3, 516.

Redingge, Robert de, 3, 640–1.

La Asumção, Diogo de, 4, 668–70.

Speeth, John Peter, 5, 177–8.

См. также Обрезание; Обращение в иудаизм.

Proselytism, Manasseh ben Israel exonerates the Jews from, 5, 42.

Prosnitz, Chayon at, 5, 218.

Protection-Jews (Schutz-Juden), in Hamburg, 4, 688.

Mendelssohn one of the, 5, 304.

an insulting epithet in Westphalia, 5, 500.

in Lübeck, 5, 506.

abolished in Prussia, 5, 507.

Протестантская Реформация. См. Реформация, протестантская.

Protestantism hostile to the Jews, 4, 552.

Provence, the Talmudists of, use the works of Maimonides, 3, 624.

French Jews expelled by Philip IV, settle in, 4, 49.

Marranos flee to, from the Inquisition, 4, 318.

Provence, the Jews of, dependent on vassal princes, 3, 242.

culture of, in the twelfth century, 3, 373, 389–91.

use Jacob Anatoli’s Malmed, 3, 566.

neglect Jewish studies, 4, 133.

persecuted in 1392, 4, 173.

presented to the Church, 4, 175.

Proverbs, the, collected and amplified under Hezekiah, 1, 279.

carried into the Babylonian exile, 1, 335.

produced during the exile, 1, 341.

Provost, title of the chief Jewish officer in France in the twelfth century, 3, 343.

Prussia, the Protestant Reformation in, 4, 469.

at war with Austria, 5, 251.

willing to grant citizenship to the Jews, 5, 518.

protects the Frankfort Jews, 5, 520.

hatred of Jews in, 5, 524–5.

in the Quadruple Alliance, 5, 658.

Prussia, the Jews of, under Frederick I, 5, 190–1.

prejudice aroused against, 5, 191.

the “general privilege” issued for, 5, 304.

make efforts to obtain political rights, 5, 414–16.

restrictions against, 5, 415.

decay of morality among, 5, 419–20, 422.

apostasy among, 5, 420.

continued abasement of, 5, 461.

freed from the poll-tax, 5, 464.

mourn over the national defeats, 5, 495.

patriotism of, 5, 507.

partial emancipation of, 5, 507.

in the French wars, 5, 511, 518.

the emancipation of, a dead letter, 5, 524.

laws for, 5, 524.

restricted in commerce, 5, 524–5.

forbidden to bear Christian names, 5, 630.

Prynne, William, publishes an anti-Jewish pamphlet, 5, 45–6.

Psalm, at the celebration of Passover in Jerusalem, 1, 295–6.

of the return from the Captivity, 1, 352.

LXXII, commentary on, by Juan de España, 4, 233.

Psalms, composed in celebration of Sennacherib’s failure, 1, 278.

in honor of Hezekiah, 1, 279.

penitential, originate among the Babylonian exiles, 1, 337.

produced during the Captivity, 1, 340.

Psalms, the, carried into the Babylonian exile, 1, 335.

introduced into the Temple service, 1, 401.

homiletic exposition of, by Cassiodorus, 3, 31.

the singing of, at Jewish funerals forbidden, 3, 47.

certain of, attributed to a late period by Moses Ibn-G’ikatilia, 3, 290.

commentary on, by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, 3, 373.

translated into Spanish by Templo, 5, 115.

translated into Spanish by Lopez Laguna, 5, 203.

imitated by Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 5, 234.

Mendelssohn’s translation of, 5, 335.

translated by Sachs, 5, 693.

Psammetich, king of Egypt, propitiates the Scythians, 1, 287.

Psusennes, king of Egypt, Solomon marries the daughter of, 1, 161.

Психики. См. Гностицизм.

Птолемаида. См. Акко.

Ptolemy, of Chalcis, protects Aristobulus II’s family, 2, 75.

son-in-law of Aristobulus II, 2, 75.

conspires against Herod and Phasael, 2, 80–1.

Ptolemy I Soter, of Egypt, conquers Cœlesyria, 1, 416.

opposed by Antigonus, 1, 417.

defeats Antigonus, 1, 417–18.

protects the Judæans, 1, 418.

Ptolemy II Philadelphus, of Egypt, threatens to divide Judæa among foreign colonists, 1, 423.

and the Septuagint, 1, 514.

Ptolemy III Euergetes, of Egypt, makes Joseph tax-gatherer, 1, 425.

Ptolemy IV Philopator, of Egypt, retains Joseph, son of Tobiah, in office, 1, 425.

defeats Antiochus the Great, 1, 426.

introduces bacchanalian revelries, 1, 428.

son of, 1, 429.

favors Hyrcanus, 1, 430.

death of, 1, 432.

Ptolemy V Epiphanes, of Egypt, Cœlesyria re-conquered for, 1, 433.

makes Hyrcanus governor of trans-Jordanic territory, 1, 437.

Ptolemy VI Philometor, of Egypt, treaty of, with Antiochus Epiphanes, 1, 450.

proclaimed king, 1, 452.

daughter of, marries Alexander Balas, 1, 496.

receives Onias IV kindly, 1, 506.

ally of Demetrius I, 1, 506.

struggle of, with Ptolemy Physcon, 1, 506–7.

assisted by the Judæans, 1, 507.

presents Onias IV with land for a Temple, 1, 508.

permits Onias IV to fortify his Temple, 1, 510.

entrusts the Egyptian ports to Onias IV, 1, 510.

causes a Greek translation of the Law to be made, 1, 510–11.

appoints a conference between the Judæans and the Samaritans, 1, 517.

death of, 1, 518.

heir of, slain, 1, 518.

Ptolemy VII Physcon, of Egypt, proclaimed king, 1, 450.

reconciled with his brother, 1, 452.

conspires against Ptolemy VI, 1, 506, 507.

Cyrene given to, 1, 507.

marries Cleopatra, his brother’s widow, 1, 518.

cruelty of, 1, 518–19.

revenge of, on the Judæans, 1, 519.

as author, 1, 519.

supports Alexander Zabina, 2, 6.

Ptolemy VIII Lathurus, of Egypt, aids Antiochus IX, 2, 10–11.

flees from Alexandria, 2, 12.

defeats Alexander Jannæus, 2, 40.

ravages Judæa, 2, 40.

retreats to Cyprus, 2, 41.

Ptolemy, astronomer, work of, translated into Arabic, 3, 146.

Ptolemy, brother of Nicolaus of Damascus, and Herod’s will, 2, 119.

Ptolemy ben Habub, son-in-law of Simon Tharsi, governor of Jericho, 1, 530.

assassinates Simon Tharsi at Dok, 1, 530.

meditates treachery against John Hyrcanus, 1, 530–1.

shuts himself up in Dok, 1, 531.

besieged by John Hyrcanus, 2, 2–3.

Ptolemy, son of Dorymenes, general under Lysias, 1, 466.

Ptolemy Macron, advocate of the Judæans at the Syrian court, 1, 476–7, 478.

Publicans, the, addressed by Jesus, 2, 152.

Пуччи, Антонио, кардинал Сантикватро, великий пенитенциарий папы, сыграл важную роль в создании португальской инквизиции, 4, 507.

on the commission on the Portuguese Inquisition, 4, 514.

opposed to the Marranos, 4, 516.

Pucci, Lorenzo, grand penitentiary of the pope, attached to Molcho, 4, 503.

opposes the establishment of the Portuguese Inquisition, 4, 505.

death of, 4, 507.

Puffendorf, John, interested in the Karaites, 5, 183.

Pul, king of Assyria, invades the kingdom of Israel, 1, 246–7.

Menahem of Israel submits to, 1, 247.

Pulcelina, innocently causes a persecution of the Jews of Blois, 3, 379.

saved by Theobald of Chartres, 3, 379.

death of, 3, 380.

Pumbeditha, a district of Jewish Babylonia, 2, 505.

Pumbeditha, capital of Jewish Babylonia, description of, 2, 506.

cunning of the inhabitants of, 2, 506.

homage paid at, to the Exilarchs, 2, 607.

Pumbeditha, the academy of, superior to the Palestinian academies, 2, 532.

founded by Judah ben Ezekiel, 2, 545, 549.

pre-eminence of, 2, 549–50.

method pursued at, 2, 574–5.

numerical strength of, 2, 576–7.

prosperity of, under Rabba bar Nachmani, 2, 578.

fund established for, 2, 580.

generosity of Ifra-Ormuzd to, 2, 581.

under Abayi Nachmani, 2, 584–5.

produces the Talmud, 2, 591.

rise of, 2, 593.

during Ashi’s time, 2, 606.

closed under Hormisdas IV, 3, 8.

re-opened under Bahram Tshubin, 3, 9.

prosperity of, under Chosru II, 3, 9.

districts under the jurisdiction of, 3, 98.

quarrels in, about the principalship, 3, 155–6.

gains by the decline of the Exilarchate, 3, 177, 183.

independent of the Exilarch, 3, 177.

claims an increase of revenue, 3, 184.

inferior to Sora, 3, 193.

importance of, under Aaron Ibn-Sarjadu, 3, 202, 207.

decay of, under Sherira, 3, 233.

place of, taken by the Spanish schools, 3, 236.

dissolution of, 3, 253.

Isaac Ibn-Sakni teacher at, 3, 285.

См. также Академии, вавилонские.

Pumbeditha, the academy of, principals of, poor, 2, 580.

office of, religious, 3, 93.

bear the title of Gaon by courtesy, 3, 93, 177.

elected from among the members of Sora, 3, 94.

at the installation of an Exilarch, 3, 94–5.

rank of, 3, 96.

appoint the judges of their district, 3, 98.

Пумбедита, академия, главы (гаоны), список:

Аарон ибн-Сарджаду,

Аби Нахмани,

Хама из Нахардеи,

Ханан из Искии,

Ханинаи,

Хизкия,

Дудаи бен Нахман,

Хай бен Давид,

Хай бен Шерира,

Хуна бен Хия,

Хосе,

Иосиф бар Абба,

Иосиф бен Хия,

Коэн Цедек II бен Иосиф,

Малка бар Аха,

Мар-Авраам бен Шерира,

Мари бар Мар,

Мар-Раба,

Мар-Цемах I бен Палтой,

Нахман бен Исаак,

Натронай бен Нехемия,

Нехемия,

Палтой бен Абай,

Раба бар Иосиф бар Хама,

Рабба бар Нахмани,

Рабба бен Ами,

Семуна,

Шерира бен Ханина,

Цемах бен Кафнаи.

Пуото. См. Бодо.

Purgation, the oath of, introduced by Nachman ben Jacob, 2, 556.

Purgatory, the dogma of, in the Kabbala, 4, 292.

Purim, pleasantry on, punished by Theodosius II, 2, 620–1.

treatise on, by Kalonymos ben Kalonymos, 4, 63.

the feast of, ridiculed by Solomon Levi, 4, 185.

Purim of Cairo, 4, 396.

Purim-Vincent celebrated in Frankfort, 4, 700.

Puritans, the, obtain religious liberty for England, 5, 26.

inspired by the Old Testament, 5, 26.

regard the Jews kindly, 5, 27.

Jewish spirit among, 5, 27–8.

Pyrenees, the, Jews defend the passes of, 3, 45.

Pyrenees, the Lower, the department of, the Jews of, excepted from Napoleon’s restrictive laws, 5, 499.

Q

Quadratus, Church teacher, demonstrates the independence of Christianity from Judaism, 2, 431.

Quadratus, Umidius, governor of Syria, arbiter between Judæans and Samaritans, 2, 244.

Quadruple Alliance, the, against France, 5, 658.

Quemadero, place of burning, in Seville, 4, 317.

Керидо, Яков. См. Яков Керидо.

Quietus, Lucius, Trajan’s commander in the district of the Euphrates, 2, 397.

lays waste Babylonian towns, 2, 398.

governor of Palestine, 2, 399.

desired by Trajan as his successor, 2, 399.

war of, in Judæa, 2, 400–1.

destroys the Synhedrion in Jamnia, 2, 400.

removal of, asked by the Jews, 2, 400–1.

execution of, 2, 401.

Quinon, Denis, receiver-general of taxes in Languedoc, 4, 132.

Quirinius, governor of Syria, instructions of, with regard to Judæa, 2, 129.

deposes the high priest, 2, 135.

R

Рав. См. Абба Арика.

Раба. См. Мар-Раба.

Raba bar Joseph bar Chama (299–352), Babylonian Amora, 2, 560.

informed of calendar changes, 2, 571.

disciple of Rabba bar Nachmani, 2, 575, 580.

proposed as principal of the Pumbeditha academy, 2, 583.

precocity of, 2, 584.

rival of Abayi Nachmani, 2, 584–5.

dialectics of, 2, 585, 591.

principal of the Pumbeditha academy, 2, 585.

characteristics of, 2, 585–6.

rebukes Zeïra II, 2, 586.

and the Machuzan marriages, 2, 587.

covetousness of, 2, 587–8.

heartlessness of, 2, 588.

partiality of, in applying the Law, 2, 588–9, 628.

and Benjamin Assia, 2, 590.

discourses of, popular, 2, 590.

method of, 2, 590–1.

authority of, 2, 591.

prevents persecutions, 2, 591–2.

punished by Shabur II for exercising criminal jurisdiction, 2, 592.

assisted by Ifra-Ormuzd, 2, 592.

death of, 2, 593, 602.

Рав Абба. См. Рабба бар Хуна.

Rabaï of Rob, a Saburean, 3, 5.

Rabba bar Abbahu, a Babylonian Amora, 2, 545.

Rabba bar Chana, authorized by Judah I to teach, 2, 454.

Rabba bar Huna (Rab Abba, 309–320), principal of the Sora academy, 2, 548, 583.

modesty of, 2, 585.

Rabba bar Matana, Amora, proposed as principal of the Pumbeditha academy, 2, 583.

Rabba bar Nachmani (270–330), Babylonian Amora, 2, 560.

dialectics of, 2, 575, 576.

a member of the family of Eli, 2, 575.

brothers of, 2, 575–6.

emigrates to Judæa, 2, 576.

returns to Babylonia, 2, 576.

proposed as the principal of the academy of Pumbeditha, 2, 576.

and Joseph ben Chiya, 2, 577.

principal of Pumbeditha, 2, 578.

subjects treated by, 2, 578.

method of, 2, 578–9.

position of, among students of the Law, 2, 579.

rebukes the immorality of the Jews, 2, 579.

and Mar-Ukban, 2, 579.

death of, 2, 580–1.

foster-father of Abayi Nachmani, 2, 583.

Rabba ben Ami (869–872), Gaon of Pumbeditha, 3, 178.

Rabban, title of the president of the Synhedrion in his capacity as teacher of the Law, 2, 335.

Rabbana, title of honor in Babylonia, 2, 544.

title given to Ashi, 2, 606.

Rabbanism, certain features of, adopted by Benjamin Nahavendi, 3, 151.

Rabbanites, the, partisans of authority, opponents of the Karaites, 3, 134.

denounce the Karaites as heretics, 3, 134.

literary unfruitfulness of, in the eighth century, 3, 136.

antagonistic to science, 3, 149.

adopt Karaite teachings, 3, 157.

begin scientific work in the ninth century, 3, 180.

shunned by the Karaites, 3, 182.

neglect the Scriptures, 3, 189.

endeavor to effect a reconciliation with the Karaites, 4, 69–70, 71–2, 270.

in Jerusalem in the fourteenth century, 4, 74–5.

teach Karaites, 4, 269–70.

bigotry of, 4, 403.

См. также Раввинистический иудаизм; Талмудический иудаизм и т. д.

Rabbath Ammon (Philadelphia), capital of the Ammonites, 1, 126.

taken by David, 1, 128.

taken by Judas Maccabæus, 1, 474.

refuge of Ptolemy ben Habub, 2, 3.

Aretas defeated at, 2, 62.

Rabbenu, title given to Judah II, 2, 480.

Рабби. См. Иехуда I ха-Наси.

Rabbi, title of a teacher of the Law, 2, 335.

introduction of the title, 2, 357.

title given to Judah II, 2, 480.

Rabbi, chief, of England, functions of, 3, 588.

“Rabbi of Bacharach,” by Heine, 5, 549–50, 552.

Rabbinical conference, the, at Brunswick, composition of, 5, 677–8.

dominated by Holdheim, 5, 678, 681.

spirit of, 5, 682.

protests against, 5, 682.

Rabbinical conference, the, at Frankfort, to ratify the programme of the Berlin Reform Association, 5, 683.

excitement aroused by, 5, 683–4.

the orthodox party represented at, 5, 684, 685.

discusses the abolition of the Hebrew language, 5, 685.

attitude of, towards the Berlin Reform Association, 5, 685–6.

Rabbinical Judaism proved to rest on unbroken tradition, 3, 366.

originates in Jacob Asheri’s code, 4, 89.

practical, 4, 534.

beginnings of the criticism of, 5, 55.

defended by Immanuel Aboab, 5, 55.

attacked and defended by Leo Modena, 5, 72–4.

attacked by Joseph Delmedigo, 5, 77.

as viewed by Sabbatians, 5, 142, 143–4.

guarded by the Kofrim, 5, 144.

at variance with the Kabbala, 5, 144.

set at defiance by Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 148–9, 152, 159.

exalted by Richard Simon, 5, 180.

attacked by Mordecai ben Nissan, 5, 184.

destruction of, aimed at by Chayim Malach, 5, 214.

opposed by the Frankists, 5, 274–5.

scoffed at in Poland, 5, 276.

opposed by the Kabbala, 5, 277.

attacked by Mendelssohn’s followers, 5, 371, 375, 379.

attacked by the Chassidim, 5, 375, 379.

inadequacy of, 5, 385.

undermined by Holdheim, 5, 680–1.

См. также Талмудический иудаизм.

Rabbinical literature, studied by Christians, 5, 21–2, 179.

Rabbinical schools, established in Poland by German exiles, 4, 420. See under Colleges.

Rabbinical synod, the, of Konstantinov, appeals to Jacob Emden, 5, 277.

of Lublin, decision of, on cases of supposed death, 5, 13.

of Mayence, decision of, on commercial honesty, 3, 517.

of Mayence, on the marriage law, 4, 135.

of Nuremberg, taxes the Bavarian Jews, 4, 305.

of Weissenfels, 4, 163.

of Worms, rejoices over the Dominican defeat, 4, 452–3.

Rabbinical synod, the first, under the presidency of Jacob Tam, 3, 376–7.

members of, 3, 377.

resolutions of, 3, 377.

Rabbinical synods, instituted, 3, 376–7.

the Italian, 4, 218.

См. также Раввинистическая конференция.

Rabbis, the, disinterestedness of, in the Middle Ages, 3, 287.

superior to other religious leaders in the twelfth century, 3, 347.

high morality of, in the fourteenth century, 4, 162.

compared with the Christian clergy, 4, 162.

characteristics of, in the seventeenth century, 5, 200–1.

of Europe, recruited from Poland, 5, 206.

lack of culture among, 5, 559.

not respected, 5, 566.

Раввины, списки:

Александрии:

Аарон бен Цион ибн-Аламани,

Финеес бен Мешуллам.

Алжира:

Исаак бен Шешет Барфат,

Шимон бен Цемах Дуран,

Шимон Дуран II,

Шломо Дуран.

Альколеа-де-Синка:

Эн-Заг Видаль де Толоса.

Амстердама:

Абоаб, Исаак, де Фонсека,

Айллон, Шломо,

Менаше бен Исраэль,

Мортейра, Шауль Леви,

Мусафия, Биньямин,

Пардо, Давид,

Пардо, Иосиф,

Пардо, Иосия,

Узиэль, Исаак,

Вега, Иехуда,

Вейль, Моше,

Цви Ашкенази.

Арада:

Хорин, Аарон.

Барселоны:

Шломо бен Авраам бен Адрет,

Ниссим Герунди бен Реувен.

Берлина:

Френкель, Давид,

Хиршель, Левин,

Закс, Михаэль,

Вольф, Аарон Биньямин.

Безье:

Мешуллам.

Болоньи:

Ишмаэль Ханина.

Бреславля:

Финеес.

Брауншвейга:

Эгер, Самуил.

Каира:

Альгази, Моше Иосиф,

Давид ибн-Аби Зимра,

Моше бен Маймон.

Ханьи:

Дельмедиго, Иехуда

Элиас бен Элкана Капсали.

Кастилии:

Авраам Сениор,

Меир Альгуадес.

Казале:

Баки, Шимон.

Шато-Тьерри:

Самуил бен Шломо.

Куито:

Непи, Грациадио.

Кёльна:

Элеазар бен Самсон.

Константинополя:

Элиас Мизрахи,

Фреско, Моше,

Моше Капсали.

Кордовы:

Абу-Амр Иосиф бен Цадик ибн-Цадик,

Иосиф бен Яков ибн-Сахаль.

Дамаска:

Антери, Яков,

Халфен, Азария,

Халфен, Шломо.

Феса:

Яков Бераб.

Франции:

Иоханан бен Маттафия Прованси,

Маттафия бен Иосиф Прованси.

Франкфурта:

Фальк, Яков Иехошуа,

Гурвиц, Финеес Леви,

Кахана, Яков.

Германии:

Меир бен Барух Халеви.

Жироны:

Моше бен Нахман.

Гамбурга:

Атиас, Исаак,

Бернайс, Исаак,

Саломон, Готхольд.

Ямполя:

Ландау, Иехезкель.

Иерусалима:

Леви бен Яков Хабиб,

Овадья ди Бертиноро.

Жуаньи:

Менахем бен Перец.

Ливорно:

Коэн, Малахия,

Самун.

Лемберга:

Оренштейн, Яков.

Лондона:

Абендана, Яков,

Айллон, Шломо,

Хиршель, Шломо,

Яков,

Мельдола, Давид,

Нието, Давид,

Саспортас, Яков.

Лусены:

Исаак бен Яков Альфаси,

Иосиф бен Меир ибн-Мигаш Халеви.

Мантуи:

Бриэли, Иехуда Леон,

Иосиф бен Шломо Колон,

Иехуда бен Йехиэль,

Вита, Авраам, ди Колонья.

Майнца:

Элеазар бен Натан,

Яков бен Моше Мёлин Халеви.

Мекленбург-Шверина:

Хольдхайм, Самуил.

Мелёна:

Иехуда бен Давид.

Меца:

Эйбешюц, Йонатан,

Фальк, Яков Иехошуа.

Минска:

Хейльприн, Иехиэль.

Неаполя:

Давид ибн-Яхья.

Наварры:

Орабуэна, Иосиф.

Нойштадта:

Шалом.

Никольсбурга:

Бенет, Мордехай.

Нюрнберга:

Спринц, Давид.

Падуи:

Гиронди,

Иехуда Менц.

Пальмы:

Эн-Видаль Эфраим Герунди.

Памплоны:

Хаим бен Галлипапа.

Парижа:

Йехиэль.

Перпиньяна:

Видаль Менахем бен Шломо Меири.

Персии:

Сар Шалом.

Португалии:

Моше Наварро,

Шимон Майми.

Позена:

Янов, Гирш.

из Праги:

Авигдор Кара,

Хеллер, Липман

Ландау, Иезекииль

Оппенгейм, Давид

Рапопорт, Соломон Иегуда.

из Пресбурга:

Софер, Моше.

из Регенсбурга:

Бруна, Исраэль.

из Цфата:

Моше бен Иегуда Коэн.

из Сен-Эспри:

Андраде, Авраам.

из Сарагосы:

Исаак бен Шешет Барфат.

из Сепульведы:

Соломон Пичо.

из Смирны:

Бенвенисте, Хаим

Папа, Аарон де ла.

из Страсбурга:

Зинцгейм, Иосиф Давид.

из Тамарики:

Лагарто, Яков.

из Тарнополя:

Рапопорт, Соломон Иегуда.

из Трех общин:

Коэн, Рафаэль

Эйбешюц, Ионатан

Каценеленбоген, Иезекииль.

из Толедо:

Абоав, Исаак

Ашер бен Иехиэль,

Исаак де Леон,

Иегуда Ашери,

Меир бен Тодрос ха-Леви Абулафия,

Менахем бен Аарон бен Зерах.

из Триеста:

Галайго, Иосиф Хаим.

из Туделы:

Хасдай бен Соломон.

из Венеции:

Абоав, Самуил

Белильос, Яков

Коэн, Нехемия Виталь

Мерари, Моше Менахем.

из Верчелли:

Сегре, Иешуа Бенцион.

из Вены:

Эскелес, Иссахар Беруш

Хеллер, Липман

Иона,

Мангеймер, Исаак Ной

Меир бен Барух ха-Леви.

из Вормса:

Калонимос из Рима.

из Вюрцбурга:

Исаак бен Эльяким.

Раввины странствующие:

Конфорте, Давид

Моше из Куси.

Rabbis, the German, insignificance of, in the fourteenth century, 4, 134–5.

appointed by order of Sigismund, 4, 227.

Rabbis, the Spanish, hostile to science, 4, 143.

slight attainments of, 4, 144.

Рабед II. См. Авраам бен Давид.

Rabina (488–499), Amora, principal of the Sora academy, 2, 630.

completes the Babylonian Talmud, 2, 630–1.

death of 2, 631.

Rab-shakeh, Assyrian official sent to Hezekiah, 1, 274–5.

Rachel, wife of Akiba, 2, 351, 355.

Rachel Formosa, mistress of Alfonso the Noble, 3, 386.

Radziwill, prince, employs Joseph Delmedigo as physician, 5, 76.

Ragesh (Razis), demanded as hostage by Nicanor, 1, 485.

Ragoczi, Prince of Transylvania, ill-uses the Jews of Poland, 5, 15.

Раймух, Аструк. См. Аструк Раймух.

Ральбаг. См. Леви бен Гершон.

Ramadhan, the fast of, instituted by Mahomet, 3, 75.

Ramah, home of Samuel, 1, 73.

meeting of elders at, 1, 78.

David at, 1, 96–7.

taken and fortified by Baasha, 1, 191.

re-conquered by Asa, 1, 191.

Jeremiah released at, 1, 320.

Ramathaim, taken by the Samaritans, 1, 410.

Рамбам. См. Моше бен Маймон.

Рамбан. См. Моше бен Нахман.

Rameru, the Jews of, attacked during the second crusade, 3, 355–6.

center of Talmud study, 3, 403.

Rameses, rallying place of the Israelites on leaving Egypt, 1, 17.

Rami, brother of Judah ben Ezekiel, his critic and opponent, 2, 550–1.

Ramon Berengar IV, unites Aragon and Catalonia, 3, 387.

Ramoth-Gilead taken by Ben-hadad II, 1, 205, 206.

Jehu made king of Israel at, 1, 210.

Ramson, defender of the Jews, 5, 470.

Raphael, the healer, name of an angel, 1, 403.

Raphia, Antiochus the Great defeated at, 1, 426.

south-western limit of Judæa under Alexander Jannæus, 2, 46.

Rapoport, Solomon Jehuda (1790–1867), founder of the Galician school, 5, 607.

disciple of Krochmal, 5, 610.

descent of, 5, 610.

learning of, 5, 610–11.

and Erter, 5, 614.

makes pilgrimages to Krochmal, 5, 614, 617.

excommunicated, 5, 614.

rabbinical appointments of, 5, 615, 619.

style of, 5, 617.

influence of Krochmal on, 5, 617–18.

devotes himself to biographical research, 5, 618–19.

the father of Jewish science, 5, 619.

system of, used by Zunz, 5, 620.

contributor to the Kerem Chemed, 5, 621–2.

inspires Luzzatto, 5, 624.

influence of, on Sachs, 5, 690.

Рашба. См. Соломон бен Авраам бен Адрет.

Рашбам. См. Самуил бен Меир.

Раши. См. Соломон Ицхаки.

Rastadt, the Peace Congress at, to abolish the poll-tax on Dutch Jews in Germany, 5, 458.

“Summons” addressed to, by Michael Berr, 5, 460.

addressed by Christians on the subject of Jewish emancipation, 5, 463.

Рационалисты магометанские. См. Мутазилиты.

Ratisbon, Jews in, in the ninth century, 3, 144.

council of, protects the Jews during the Black Death persecutions, 4, 110.

under the ban of the empire, 4, 305.

fined by the emperor, 4, 306.

Molcho and Reubeni at, 4, 510.

Ratisbon, the diet at, refuses to form a crusade against the Turks, 4, 267–8.

petitioned in behalf of the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 465.

petition to, supported by the Austrian representative, 5, 466.

Ratisbon, the Jews of, suffer during the first crusade, 3, 305.

privileges granted to, 3, 635.

not permitted to appear on the street at Easter, 3, 635.

saved from the Rindfleisch persecution, 4, 36.

protected from persecution, 4, 99.

contributions exacted from, 4, 254.

brutal treatment of, 4, 258–9.

held in high esteem, 4, 300.

morality of, 4, 300.

claimed by various parties, 4, 300.

appeal to the Hussites for protection, 4, 301.

slandered by apostates, 4, 301–2.

imprisoned on the blood accusation, 4, 304.

assisted by the Bavarian Jews, 4, 305.

protected by Frederick III, 4, 305–6.

released, 4, 306.

refuse to pay unjust fines, 4, 306–7.

strained relations between, and the Christians, 4, 416–17.

threatened with expulsion, 4, 417.

send a defender of their cause to Maximilian I, 4, 436–7.

the extermination of, suggested by Pfefferkorn, 4, 463.

Ratisbonne family, the, culture of, 5, 476.

Ratti Menton, French consul in Damascus, opponent of the Jews, 5, 633.

appealed to, to search for the murderer of Tomaso, 5, 635.

suspects the Damascus Jews of Tomaso’s murder, 5, 635.

employs a spy against the Jews, 5, 635.

cross-examines Jewish suspects, 5, 636.

orders the Jewish suspects to be tortured, 5, 637–8.

hushes up evidence in favor of the Jews, 5, 637.

abetted by the European consuls, 5, 639.

has an anti-Jewish book circulated, 5, 639.

pronounces the Jews guilty of Tomaso’s murder, 5, 640.

publishes the Damascus affair in French journals, 5, 643.

deceives the vice-consul of France, 5, 645.

conduct of, described in the Austrian report, 5, 646.

excluded from the consular court of justice, 5, 649.

defended by Thiers, 5, 650, 659.

accused by Isambert, 5, 650.

shielded by Cochelet, 5, 660.

Ravenna, a Jewish community in, under the Ostrogoths, 3, 28.

asks for Jewish bankers, 4, 286.

Ravensburg, the Jews of, burnt on the blood accusation, 4, 227.

Rawitz, the rabbi of, opposes the Reform movement, 5, 571.

Raymond V, of Toulouse, the Jews of Bourg de St. Gilles under, 3, 399.

Raymond VI, of Toulouse, persecuted by Innocent III, 3, 400.

reproached with employing Jews, 3, 501.

forced to promise not to employ Jews, 3, 501–2, 503.

laid under the ban, 3, 503.

deposition of, 3, 508, 509.

Raymond VII, of Toulouse, victorious over the crusaders, 3, 513.

promotes Jews to offices, 3, 514.

Raymund Roger, of Béziers, during the Albigensian crusade, 3, 502, 503.

Raymund Trencaval, count of Béziers, the Jews under, 3, 394.

assassination of, 3, 394–5.

“Raza di Yechuda,” by Nehemiah Chayon, 5, 217.

Razi, Arabic medical authority, taught by a Jew, 3, 146.

Рацио. См. Рагеш.

Reaction, the, in France under the Bourbons, 5, 596.

Reactionary movement, the, in Germany, 5, 508–9.

after Napoleon’s fall, 5, 512–13.

Real estate, Jews of Visigothic Spain forbidden by Egica to hold, 3, 107–8.

owned by Jews in France in the tenth century, 3, 242.

German Jews under the Saxon emperors forbidden to own, 3, 242.

owned by German and French Jews in the eleventh century, 3, 281, 297.

owned by French Jews in the twelfth century, 3, 343.

owned by Silesian Jews in the twelfth century, 3, 418.

owned by the Jews of Tyre, 3, 426.

Jews forbidden to buy, from Christians, 3, 592.

acquired by Jews in Castile, 4, 193.