psychic influence on flow of, 62, 566
Saponin, haemolytic action of, 389;
and cholesterin, 389;
and antisaponic power, 390
Saprolegnia. См. Грибки
Sarcinae as adjuvant organisms, 426
Sarcinae, acidophile, 418
Sclerotinia, pathogenic action of, 32
Scolopendra, acquired immunity in, against anthrax, 209
Scorpion, natural immunity of, against tetanus toxin, 326;
against its own poison, 327;
antivenomous property of blood of, 328;
supposed suicide of, 327
Scorpion serum, action of antivenomous serum on, 365
Scorpion venom, antitoxic action of crayfish blood against, 366
Scrofula in immunity against tuberculosis, 436
Secretion of bactericidal substance, theory of, 187–191, 533–537, 540, 542
Sensibilising substance of Bordet (fixative), 91, 199, 298, 535, 537, 557
Sensitiveness of plants to osmotic pressure, 37, 566
Септицемия гусей. См. Spirochaete anserina
Септицемия мышей. См. Мышиная септицемия
Septic vibrio, 170
Сыворотки. См. также Кровь, Жидкости организма, Гуморальная теория, Токсины
Serums, haemolysis by, 83, 87–95 (see also Haemolysis);
effect of injections of, 68;
increasing haemolytic power of, 90;
isotoxic, 104;
absorption of, 106;
antihaemotoxic, 111, 112;
haemolytic or haemotoxic, 111, 112;
anticoagulating, 190;
anticytase, 115, 371;
antispermotoxic, 116, 122–126;
бактерицидные свойства, 184, 190, 191, 192, 193, 206, 211, 226, 233, 238, 241, 243, 244, 260, 298, 554;
influence of alkalinity or acidity on bactericidal action of, 196;
agglutination of red blood corpuscles by, 258;
agglutination of bacteria by, 256–265, 380;
protective power of, in the immunised organism, 266–280, 287, 293, 295, 532;
differs from bactericidal power, 268;
and from agglutinative power, 268;
and is not a measure of acquired immunity, 271, 274, 275;
protective, may be only feebly antitoxic, 497;
modified growth of bacteria in immunised, 256, 259 (see also Agglutination);
resistance to heat of protective substance of, 268;
fixatives in protective, 269, 438;
their origin, 294;
protective and fixative substances contrasted, 269;
relations of fixative and cytase in bactericidal action of, 298;
stimulating action of, 270–274, 301, 308–320, 365;
absence of protective power in specific, 270, 276–279;
origin of protective power in, 291–294;
theory of attenuation of micro-organisms by immune, 286–289;
inactive specific, rendered active by addition of normal serum, 215, 268, 298, 302, 317;
protective action of heated normal serum, 273, 318;
protective action of non-specific, against toxins, 365;
from convalescents, protective action of, 437–444;
temporary immunity against micro-organisms conferred by specific, 301–317;
conferred by normal, 317–320;
conferred by fluids other than, 320–322;
phagocytosis in the immunity conferred by specific, 303–306;
influence of opium on immunisation by specific, 306;
antivenomous action of, 334, 338, 358, 360, 361;
antitoxic action of non-specific and normal, 365, 380;
anti-arsenic, 390;
antileucocidic, 359;
antidiastatic, 361;
testing and standardisation of antitoxic, 376, 476, 496–498
Оболочка, защитная. См. Мембрана
Sheep, natural immunity of, against anthrax, 159, 289;
acquired immunity of, against anthrax, 241–3, 289;
bactericidal action of blood serum of, 241, 286;
protective power of serum of, immunised against anthrax, 276;
immunised with blood from dog affected by a haematozoon, 279;
vaccination of, against sheep-pox, 460;
against rabies, 466;
against anthrax, 469;
protection against tetanus in, 493;
fate of anthrax bacilli in Algerian, 512
Sheep-pox (la clavelée), heredity of immunity against, 452;
vaccinations against, 460–461
Side-chains or receptors, theory of, 120, 381–384, 538, 557, 562–563;
compared with theory of phagocytes, 296–299, 538, 558
Silver, soluble salts of, absorbed by leucocytes, 400
Skin, immunity of the, 403–407;
protective function of the, 404–407;
phagocytes in the defence of the, 407
Small-pox, mortality from, in 18th century, 454;
vaccinations against, 454–460;
vaccination with calf lymph, 456;
with contents of pustule of cow-pox, 455;
vaccination statistics, 457–459
Улитка. См. Helix pomatia
Snake, natural immunity of, against snake venom, 333
Snake venom, natural immunity of snakes against, 333;
of hedgehog against, 337;
of mongoose against, 339;
artificial immunity against, 345, 347;
action of antivenomous serum on, 358, 360, 361;
of other specific serums on, 365;
of cerebral substance on, 386;
protective substances against, 387;
action of saliva on, 417;
action of bile on, 425;
vaccination methods of savage races against, 506
Spermatozoa, resorption of, 84, 100;
action of spermotoxin on, 101, 116, 125
Spermotoxin, 101, 116, 125
Spiders, natural immunity of, against tetanus toxin, 326
Spirilla, natural immunity against, 159;
acquired immunity against, 227–230, 434;
living in stomach of dog, 177;
acidophile, 418
Spirochaete anserina, 160
Spirochaete obermeyeri, 160;
acquired immunity against, 227–230;
Pfeiffer’s phenomenon in, 229
Spleen, function of, 62, 85;
action of extract of, on tetanus toxin, 365;
effect of removal of, 150, 293;
as source of fixative substance, 295, 537
Spleen and other haematopoietic organs as source of protective substance, 292–294;
as source of agglutinins, 264;
are phagocytic organs, 85, 150, 292
Sponges, digestion of, 69, 517
Staining reactions of cells and micro-organisms, 13, 77, 83, 181, 183, 198, 213
Standardisation of antidiphtheria serums, 376, 496–498;
Ehrlich’s method, 496;
Pasteur Institute method, 496–497
Staphylococcus, acquired immunity against, 266, 532;
protective action of normal serum against, 319
Staphylococcus pyogenes in vagina, 430
Stellate cells of Kupffer, 75
Стимулирующее действие. См. также Жидкости организма, Защитное
Stimulant action of serums, 270–274, 301, 308–320, 365;
of phagocytes, 532;
of normal fluids of the body, 559
Stimulins and their action in serums, 270–274
Stöhr’s phenomenon, 429
Stomach, acidophile microbian flora of, 418
Streptococci, protective sheath formed by, 22;
immunity against, 165, 179, 282, 284–286;
phagocytosis in immunity against, 245, 313;
acquired immunity against, 243–247, 313;
agglutination by serum of, 244, 245;
reaction of animal organism against, 245–247;
antitoxin against, 205;
and phagocytosis, 283;
action of specific serums on, 287, 288, 312;
protective action of various fluids against, 320, 321
Streptococcic serum, action of, on leucocidin, 359
Sturin, bactericidal action of, 183
Suprarenal capsules, protective function of, 431
Восприимчивость. См. также Хемотаксис, Гиперчувствительность, Раздражимость, Чувствительность
Susceptibility of immunised animals to the specific toxin, 289;
of frogs to tetanus toxin, 330;
diminution of, in immunised animals, 374–376;
in immunity, the part played by, 565;
cellular, a general property of living beings, 565–566
Swine (Свиньи). См. Свинья, Пневмоэнтерит
Swine erysipelas, acquired immunity against, 236–239, 254, 283, 527;
agglutination of bacilli of, 262;
specific serum of, will not prevent infection, 270;
phagocytosis in, 283;
action of immune serums on bacillus of, 288, 289;
protective action of specific serum against, 307;
method of testing strength of serums against, 476;
vaccinations against, 473–477;
Pasteur’s method, 473;
Lorenz’s method, 475;
“serum-vaccinations” method, 475;
vaccines against, 208, 473, 509
Swine plague, 259, 260
Synapta, 518
Syphilis, immunity in, 435;
and general progressive paralysis, 435;
law of Profetta in immunity against, 453;
law of Baumès-Colles in, 436;
transmission of, 452
Tears, microbicidal function of the, 408
Тестирование сывороток. См. Стандартизация
Tetanolysin of Ehrlich, 349
Tetanospasmin, 362
Tetanus, immunisation against, 344, 347, 492–495;
cerebral, in rabbit, 383, 391;
difference between antitoxic action of living brain and that of cerebral emulsion on, 383;
in fowl, 384;
no antitetanic power in serum of convalescents, 443;
vaccinations against, 492–495;
vaccines against, 493;
protective serum treatment against, 493–495
Tetanus antitoxin, hypothesis of nervous origin of, 381–385;
nature of, 355;
mode of action on toxin, 357, 381;
of nerve centres locally restricted in its action, 382
Tetanus bacillus, natural immunity against, 169, 204
Tetanus toxin, natural immunity of spiders and scorpions against, 326;
of larvae of Oryctes and of cricket against, 329;
of frog against, 330;
of reptiles against, 331–334;
of fowl against, 335;
of hibernating animals against, 339;
attenuation of, 344;
localisation of, in vascular organs, 336;
brain of rabbit very susceptible to action of, 383;
fixation of, by substance of nerve centres, 382;
by certain parts of brain and cord, 386, 391;
by other cells, 391, 392;
action of emulsions of frog’s brain on, 386;
fixation of, by carmine, 388, 394;
absorption of, by leucocytes, 393–395;
action of extract of spleen on, 365;
toxone (tetanolysin) of, 349, 362;
local reaction to, in horse, 352;
heredity of immunity against, 446, 448, 450
Texas fever, acquired immunity of Bovidae against, 247, 279;
attenuation of parasite of, in the tick, 247;
haematozoon in dog closely allied to that of, 279
Thetys, 517
Thymus gland, immunising power of, 293
Tick, attenuation of parasite of Texas fever in, 247
Tonsils, protective function of, 428
Torulae as adjuvant organisms, 426
Toxins, immunity against, 10;
immunity of unicellular organisms against, 19;
adaptation of bacteria to, 21–27;
of yeasts to, 20, 26;
of plasmodia to, 30;
action of, on Infusoria, 19, 326;
composition of, 120;
neutralisation of, not necessary for phagocytosis, 205, 289;
immunity against micro-organism not same as against toxin, 251, 290;
protective fixation of, by nerve elements and other cells, 386–400;
methods of immunisation by modified and unmodified, 345–347 (see Immunisation);
local reaction in immunisation against, 352;
action of normal serums on, 365;
of non-specific serums on, 365;
protective action of fats against, 387;
leucocytic reaction against, 393–400;
absorption of, by the conjunctiva, 409;
by the respiratory channels, 414;
destruction of, by the intestinal organisms, 427;
attenuation of, 344;
natural immunity against, 325–341;
artificial immunity against, 342–402;
against bacterial, 343;
against vegetable, 344, 365;
heredity of immunity in phanerogamic, 446, 449;
susceptibility of nerve centres to, 564
Toxoids, 349 (see also Toxophore);
immunisation by, 350
Toxones, 349, 362;
method of immunisation by, 349
Toxophore atomic group in toxin (= toxoid), 120, 350, 384
Trichinae, mechanical action of, 3
Tristeza (syn. Texas fever), 247
Tropidonotus. См. Змея
Trypanosoma, 4, 129, 147;
brucei, 9;
lewisi, 173, 248
Trypanosomata, fate of, in refractory animal, 173;
acquired immunity against, 247–249, 316;
and agglutinative power, 278
Trypsin, antitoxic power of, 424
Tsetse fly, 4, 9, 129, 247
Tubercle bacillus, formation of sheath by, 22, 183
Tuberculin as a protective substance against cholera vibrio, 320
Tuberculosis, mechanical etiological factors in, 4
Tuberculosis, bacillus of, 22, 42, 143;
avian, 41, 148, 149, 182;
human, immunity of pigeon against, 147;
acquired immunity in, 436;
after scrofula, 436;
Koch’s phenomenon in, 437
Tumours, malignant, probability of discovery of parasite of, 3;
use of erysipelas streptococcus in, 434
Turtle, natural immunity of, against tetanus toxin, 332, 386
Typhoid, protective power of serum of convalescents from, 437–440;
its agglutinative power, 439;
serum-diagnosis of, 256, 257, 261, 439;
immunity against, not acquired by suckling, 450;
vaccinations against, 479, 481–486;
Wright’s vaccine against, 482;
bactericidal power of serum from persons immunised against, 483;
statistics of vaccinations against, 483–485
Typhoid bacillus, 23, 143, 191, 198, 203;
acquired immunity against, 230;
attenuated Pfeiffer’s phenomenon in, 230, 303, 304;
agglutination of, 260, 261, 380, 439;
resistance to agglutinated, 263;
protective action of serums against, 272–274, 293, 317, 319;
origin of protective substance against, 292;
of agglutinative property against, 294;
protective action of various fluids against, 320;
passes uninjured through stomach, 418;
transmission by suckling, of agglutinative power against, 450
Typhoid infection, experimental, in laboratory animals, 230, 267;
influence of anticytase serum on, 371;
uncertainty of, by ingestion, 423
Typhoid septicaemia, experimental, heredity of immunity against, 447
Tyrosin, protective action of, 387
Unicellular organisms, immunity in, 11–28;
infective diseases of, 12;
irritability of, 27;
adaptation of, to saline solutions, 23, 515
Unit, Ehrlich’s immunising, 373, 496
Urinary ferments, 66
Urinary organs, protective function in, 431
Urine as a protective fluid, 320, 431;
pepsin in the, 65;
amylase in the, 65
Вакцинация. См. также Иммунизация
Vaccinations, protective, 208, 241, 267, 454–504, 507;
with attenuated micro-organisms, 509
Vaccine against fowl cholera, 208
Vaccines against anthrax, 208, 470, 509;
against swine erysipelas, 208, 473, 509;
against rabies, 208, 462, 463–464;
against symptomatic anthrax, 471;
against small-pox, 455–457, 507;
against pleuropneumonia, 477;
against cholera, 481;
against plague, 487, 489, 490;
against tetanus, 493
Vaccinia, supposed micro-organism of, 455–456
Vagina, autopurification of, 429
Variolisation, early use of, 455, 507
Яд. См. Змеиный яд
Ver blanc, син. личинка майского жука
Вибрион. См. также Холерный вибрион, Массауанский вибрион, Септический вибрион
Vibrios, acquired immunity against, 211–227;
phagocytosis in immunity against, 220, 223–226;
granular transformation of, 164, 165, 192, 212–226 (see Pfeiffer’s phenomenon);
bacteriolysis (agglutination) of, 256;
susceptibility of animals vaccinated against, to the toxins, 290
Vibrio metchnikovi, acquired immunity against, 211, 226, 527, 531;
modified growth of, in serums from immunised animals, 156, 262;
action of, grown in serum of vaccinated animals, 287;
perishes in intestine of dog, 422;
action of microcytase on, in hypervaccinated guinea-pigs, 553
Гадюка. См. Змея, Змеиный яд
Viruses, attenuated, 208, 508;
вакцинация с помощью, природа которой пока неизвестна. См. Оспа, Оспа овец, Бешенство, Чума рогатого скота
Vitellus of egg of immunised fowl, tetanus antitoxin present in, 356;
immunity conferred by, 449
Warlomont’s calf lymph vaccine, 456
Weber-Fechner, law of, 27, 38, 566
Willem’s method of vaccination against pleuropneumonia, 477;
Pasteur’s modification of, 477
Wright’s method of vaccination against typhoid, 482;
method of testing bactericidal power of body fluids, 483
Yeast-cells, adaptation of, to poisons, 20, 26;
to milk-sugar, 26;
destruction of injected, by phagocytes, 172;
Curtis’s pathogenic, 172;
endotrypsin of, 197;
autodigestion in, 197;
soluble ferments of, 253
Yeasts, diseases due to, 2
Желток. См. Вителлус
Zymase, 197, 550
CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
1. Deutsche med. Wchnschr., Лейпциг, 1884, стр. 499, 519.
2. Mitth. aus d. K. Gesundheitsamte, Берлин, 1884, том II, стр. 421.
3. «О происхождении видов», 6-е изд., Лондон, 1872, глава XI, стр. 277.
4. Vrtljschr. f. gerichtl. Med., Берлин, 1855, стр. 102.
5. «Ueber Chytridium», в Monatsber. d. Berliner Akad., 1855, июнь, № 14.
6. «Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen» Кона, Бреслау, 1876, том II, стр. 210.
7. О паразитах инфузорий см. Бючли в «Klassen und Ordnungen d. Thier-Reichs» Бронна, Лейпциг, 1885—1889, том I, стр. 872, 1823, 1944.
8. Arch. d’anat. microsc., Париж, 1898, том II, стр. 528.
9. Ле Дантек, «Recherches sur la digestion intracellulaire», Лилль, 1891, стр. 53.
10. Эрлих и Лазарус, «Die Anämie», в «Specielle Pathologie u. Therapie» Нотнагеля, Вена, 1898, том VIII, часть I, стр. 85; также «Pathology of the Blood», авторизованный английский перевод, Кембридж, 1900, стр. 125.
11. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., Лейпциг, 1898, том VII.
12. Compt. rend. Acad. d. Sci., Париж, 1901, том CXXXIII, стр. 244.
13. Arch. de zool. expér., Paris, 1889, 2me série, t. VII, p. 446.
14. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Париж, 1890, том IV, стр. 148.
15. «Leçons sur la pathologie comparée de l’inflammation», Париж, 1892, стр. 24; «Lectures on the comparative pathology of inflammation», авторизованный перевод на английский язык, Лондон, 1893, стр. 20.
16. «Leçons sur la pathologie comparée de l’inflammation», стр. 21; английское издание, стр. 17.
17. Monatsber. d. Berl. Akad. d. Wissensch., 1881, стр. 388.
18. Compt. rend. du Congrès internat. de Méd., состоявшегося в Париже в 1900 г. Секция бактериологии и паразитологии.
19. «Sur l’immunité naturelle des organismes monocellulaires contre les toxines», Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Париж, 1898, том XII, стр. 465.
20. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Париж, 1897, том XI, стр. 801.
21. «Ueber die Ursache der Immunität von Ratten gegen Milzbrand», в Centralbl. f. klin. Med., Бонн, 1888, № 38.
22. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Париж, 1897, том XI, стр. 872.
23. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Париж, 1900, том XIV, стр. 641.
24. Мечников, Virchow’s Archiv, 1884, том XCVII, стр. 510.
25. «Contribution à l’étude du sérum antistreptococcique», Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Париж, 1897, том XI, стр. 177, таблица V.
26. Arch. f. Hyg., Мюнхен и Лейпциг, 1900, том XXXIX, стр. 31.
27. «Entwickelungsgeschichte der mikroskopischen Algen und Pilze», Nov. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 1854, том XXIV, стр. 1.
28. «Action des sels sur les infusoires», Arch. d’anat. microsc., Париж, 1898, том II, стр. 595.
29. «On the acclimatisation of organisms to poisonous chemical substances», Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., Лейпциг, 1895, том II, стр. 564.
30. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Париж, 1887, том I, стр. 465.
31. Monit. scient. du Dr Quesnerille, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1894.
32. «Traité de Microbiologie», Париж, 1898, том I, стр. 238.
33. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Париж, 1896, том X, стр. 417.
34. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Париж, 1900, том XIV, стр. 139.
35. Journ. R. Micr. Soc., Лондон, 1880, III, стр. 1.
36. Давенпорт и Касл, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., Лейпциг, 1895, том II, стр. 227.
37. Untersuch. a. d. physiolog. Inst. d. Univ. Heidelberg, 1878, том II, стр. 273.
38. Flora, Марбург, 1892, том LXXVI, стр. 182.
39. Botan. Ztg., Лейпциг, 1884, стр. 161.
40. [Сталь использовал плазмодии, которые распространялись на субстрате из влажной фильтровальной бумаги, приложенной к внутренней стороне стеклянных сосудов, нижний край которой касался поверхности экспериментальной жидкости на дне сосуда (Переводчик).]