«Конференция по молниеотводам: Отчет делегатов»

Наконец, он настаивает на периодическом осмотре и тщательном применении электрических испытаний. В приложении он описывает свои собственные испытательные устройства с результатами почти 500 испытаний, проведенных им для Военного министерства, из которых он заключает, «что при молниеотводах, установленных в настоящее время Военным министерством, электрическое тестирование имеет небольшую ценность». Тем не менее, несмотря на это суровое осуждение, он утверждает, что молниеотводы, существующие сейчас на наших пороховых складах и укреплениях, еще ни разу не подвели.

Спецификация (№ 3925. Сентябрь 1880 г.) Сэмюэля Вайла. МОЛНИЕОТВОДЫ.

(Abstracted by G. J. Symons, F.R.S.)

Изобретение можно разделить на две части. Во-первых, изобретатель предлагает, чтобы вместо, например, центральной пряди семижильного медного проволочного каната была центральная проволока, изолированная от остальных и соединенная с ними только в месте соединения с верхним приемником молниеотвода, в то время как внизу эта изолированная проволока выводится от земли к какому-либо месту, где к ней легко получить доступ.

Во-вторых, имеется дифференциальный гальванометр, катушка сопротивления и другое оборудование, которое, будучи соединенным с молниеотводом и с изолированной проволокой, позволит в любое время считывать эффективность молниеотвода.

О ЧАСТИЧНОЙ ЗАЩИТЕ ЗДАНИЙ.

(By Prof. T. Hayter Lewis, F.S.A.)

Ниже приведены предложения, с помощью которых обычные материалы, используемые в строительстве, могут в некоторой степени быть использованы в качестве защиты от молнии:

(1) Когда крыши и стены здания покрыты оцинкованным листовым железом на деревянном каркасе, если эти покрытия имеют хорошие контакты с землей, либо сами по себе, либо через обычную железную водосточную трубу, здание можно считать безопасным.

(2) Коттеджи и небольшие дома обычно имеют железные карнизные желоба, шиферные или черепичные ребра и коньки, цементные отливы и железные водосточные трубы. Если соединения прочны, а земля у основания водосточных труб влажная, дома будут в значительной степени защищены от уровня карнизных желобов и ниже. Но так как они будут совершенно не защищены на этом уровне, желательно наличие проволочного каната или металлической ленты от верха самого высокого дымохода до желобов, что значительно уменьшит риск.

(3) В больших зданиях желоба, водосточные трубы, ребра, коньки и отливы крыши часто делаются из свинца. Если трубы имеют хорошие контакты с землей, а молниеотводы закреплены от дымоходов или других выступов к свинцовым конструкциям, здания будут в некоторой степени защищены.

(4) Когда ребра и коньки крыш выполнены из шифера, терракоты или других непроводящих материалов, потребуются молниеотводы вдоль коньков, соединенные с водосточными трубами, а также с остриями вдоль конька и с дымоходами.

Но все вышеописанные здания будут подвержены риску несовершенных соединений, плохого качества работ и т. д.; поэтому ни одно сооружение нельзя считать безопасным, если оно не защищено одним или несколькими молниеотводами утвержденного размера и металла, с тщательно сконструированными соединениями и заземлителями.

УКАЗАТЕЛЬ К ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯМ.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ. — Следует четко понимать, что никакой ответственности за утверждения или взгляды, указанные в этом указателе или изложенные в приложениях, не несут ни делегаты в совокупности, ни редактор.

Abel, Prof., on Mr. Preece’s Paper, 102

Academy of Sciences, Report made to, 51 et seq.

Accident at Athelney, Bournemouth, 201

„ at Carmarthen, 217

„ at Caterham, 210

„ Masulipatam, 206

„ Trolley Bottom, Herts, 196

„ in Belgium, 129

„ in England, 38, 129

„ in low-lying parts of France, 129

„ in mountainous parts of France, 129

„ to a French frigate, 200

„ various, 126

„ within small areas, 201

Action, Mechanical, of lightning, 85

Adams, Prof. W. G., Abstracts by, 76, 82

Addiscombe, chimney of house struck, 38

“Ætna,” Ship, struck at Corfu, 88

Aigrettes or brushes of points, 139

(См. Острия множественные).

Air in electric field in state of strain, 135

„ терминалы (См. Острия).

Alatri, Cathedral of, 126

Allen, R., Letter from, 183

All Saints’ Church, Nottingham, struck, 37

Alphand, M., his Report, 67

Alphington Church, near Exeter, struck, 37

America, gutters and water pipes used, 125

Analysis of Manufacturers’ Remarks, &c., 17

Anderson, R., on Lightning Conductors, 120

„ on testing, 111, 127

Androuët, M., his assistance, 225

Angle iron conductors, advantages of, 111

Angles, Sharp, to be avoided, 11, 16, 28, 71, 94, 99, 178

„ useful for discharging electricity, 111

Arago, on bends in conductors, 94

„ „ earth terminals, 95

Architects, Royal Institute of British, Report of, 27

Площадь защищаемая (См. Защита, площадь).

„ Sectional, 15, 18, 22, 49, 110, 131, 132, 195, 223

„ „ insufficiency of, 63

„ „ varied with length, 7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 24, 131

„ „ not varied with length, 4, 16, 243

Asted, Col., Report of Accident, 206

Atmospheric Electricity, 112, 119

„ „ by D. Brooks, 117

„ „ by R. Phillips, 98

„ „ origin of, 117

Attachment should always be of same metal as conductor, 21

„ to building, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 21, 24, 31, 39, 81, 99, 103, 115, 125, 130, 193

Attraction, Conductors do not attract lightning, 71

„ Specific, equal in all bodies, 73

Attractive points, 127

Austria, Accidents in, from Lightning, 126

Aylmer, J., his assistance, 228

Ayrton, Prof., Abstracts by, 43, 83, 85, 90

„ „ on Clerk Maxwell’s Lightning Conductors, 132

„ „ on Indian telegraphs, 102

Babinet, M., his Report, 60, 66

Backstroke of lightning dangerous, 85

Baker, A. J., his Report, 34

Ball, Hollow, with small points (See Points Multiple) 13, 23

„ is a point when compared to a cloud, 73

„ молния, (См. Молния шаровая.)

Ballu, M., his Report, 67

Лента (См. Лента и Плетение).

Barns full of new hay likely to be struck, 125

Barque “Southern Queen” struck, 205

Bar of iron, bad joints in, 116

„ Melted by lightning, 61

„ Rectangular flat, 74

„ Small, become heated, 116

Base of conductor should bifurcate, 65, 243

Batteries, Casemated, 70

Bayonne, Powder magazine at, 87

“Beagle,” H.M.S., struck by lightning, 195

Beams, how connected, 10

Becquerel, M., his Report, 60, 66

„ on discharge of lightning, 131

„ on conducting power of metals, 124

Belgrand, M., his Report, 67

Bell, Hornsby & Co.’s experience, 193

Bells in church steeple, 85

Bell wire acts as a conductor, 39, 195

Изгибы, резкие, которых следует избегать (См. Углы).

Berehaven lighthouse struck by lightning, 208

Bisby, Mr., of Leeds, his conductor, 75

Bishop’s Rock Lighthouse, 190

Blitzableiter, Von G. Karsten, 114

Тупой молниеотвод (См. Шар и Острия).

Лодка, пакетбот, пораженный (См. Суда) 61

Bolts, Iron, attracted lightning, 40

„ to be connected with conductor, 11

Books on Lightning Conductors, Catalogue of, 143

Bootham Bar, York, 219

Borrel, M., his views, 226

Boy on pony, pony killed, boy escaped, 48

Branches, Connecting, 183

Brandon, D., his Report, 34

Brass not a reliable metal, 62, 124, 227

„ wire rope used in Bavaria, 124

Break in conductor not fatal, 53

„ „ „ to be avoided, 63

Brescia powder magazine blown up, 76

British Association Report, 1860, 46

Brixton Church struck, 84

Broek, R. Van der, Abstracts by, 114, 119, 137, 138, 140, 141

Brook, Conductor to be carried to it, 14

Brooks, D. 103, 181

Brough, Mr., on Lightning Rods, 19, 49, 181

Bruntcliffe, Yorkshire, Gunpowder store destroyed, 74, 216

Brussels, Town Hall at, Lightning protector at, 138

Brydone, Mr., Report of an accident, 85

Buchanan, G., on gas works chimney, 89

Bucknill, Capt., on the protection of buildings, 243

Building, containing masses of metal, 61

„ continually under attacks, 123

„ injured, though protected, 27, 128

„ Long, to have several conductors, 25, 202

„ Metallic, safe, 72

„ protected by cage of wires, 132

„ struck from, 1589 to, 1879, 126

Burges, Mr., 190

Кабельные молниеотводы (См. Канат).

Cagniard de Latour, M., his Report on Points, 60, 66

Calcutta, Report on conductors at, 117

Callaud, A., his Treatise, 103

„ his grapnel in basket of coke, 131

Canton, Mr., his experiments in London, 80

Capacity of conductors, 127

Caps, Cast-iron, to chimneys, 103

Carbon in well, 180

Carmarthen, Accident at, 217

Casing of lead or wood for iron earth terminals, 125

Catalogue of works upon lightning conductors, 143

Caterham, accident at, 210

Cathedral of Alatri, 126

Cavendish, Hon. H., his Report, 76, 79

Cemented water tank, iron conductor in it, 130

Chain conductors melted, 61, 62

„ though broken, still useful, 54

„ objectionable, 9, 61, 62, 88, 123

„ Early use of, as conductors, 122

„ Old iron, for earth terminals, 74, 204

Chapel, Rycroft, struck, 45, 46

Chapman, Gen. Sir F. E., his Report, 72

Charcoal for earth terminals, 12, 16, 58, 125, 126

Charles, M., his Report on Instructions for erecting conductors, 57

Cheapness of galvanized iron, 132

Chimney, Accidents to, soon after erection, 194

„ Granite, in Plymouth Dockyard, struck, 73

„ Metal Caps to be joined to Conductors, 125

„ New, contain much moisture, 194

„ not struck that had conductors, 193

„ of Edinburgh Gas-works, 89

„ over, 90 feet have conductors, 193

„ rod to be on, 100

„ rope on, liable to corrosion, 125

„ Shafts, copper band round top of, 9

„ Stacks are Conductors, 7

„ struck, 27, 28, 40, 45, 193, 194

„ struck because of heated air, 113

„ struck before completion, 94

„ struck that had no conductors, 38, 193

„ very rarely struck at Glasgow, 193

„ with soot dangerous conductors, 106

„ Zinc, struck, 37

Church, Brixton, struck, 84

„ Charles, at Plymouth, 86

„ Christ, Carmarthen, 217

„ Rosenberg, in Carinthia, destroyed, 1730, 123

„ St. Bride, Fleet Street, damaged, 126

„ Ste. Croix, Ixelles, struck by lightning, 140

„ St. George, Leicester, damage to 126, 240

„ St. Giles, Cripplegate’s truck, 196

„ St. Mary, Genoa, 126

„ Southampton, damage to, 126

„ Steeple at Bodmin, destruction of, 202

„ struck, 29, 37, 106, 126, 137, 199

„ struck near Isleworth, 199

„ tower, with pinnacles, 10, 29, 137

„ towers struck in past, 400 years, 202

„ with lightning conductor, 128

„ without lightning rods damaged, 126

Шлак с решеткой (См. Заземлители).

Circuit to be tested by galvanometer, 130, 244

Cistern dangerous for base of conductor, 64

Claire-Deville, M., his Report, 67

Clamps, Iron, acted as conductors, 43

Clark, J. E., Accident at Bootham Bar, York, 219

„ Latimer, Abstracts by, 103, 106

Clay, Conductor to be taken below surface of, 14

Clevedon Church struck, 126

Clifton, E. N., his Report, 41

Clips, Gun-metal, 24

Clouds are not perfect conductors, 101

Группа острий (См. Острия множественные).

Coke, broken, better than charcoal, 116

„ prevents action of sulphur, 120

„ round conductors, 9, 116, 118, 126, 131

%center%(См. Заземлители).

Cole Brothers, 192

Colliery Chimney near Sunderland struck, 193

„ Workings, Lightning in, 237

Colson, J., his Report, 28, 34

Commission on damage by lightning, 127

Comparative resistance to fusion, 141

„ „ rupture, 141

Conducting power depends on amount of copper in conductor, 200

„ „ of metals, 74, 124, 131, 139

„ „ of wires, 177

Conduction, is it a question of surface or of mass? 15, 18, 49, 132

Conductive capacity deficient in trees, 127

Conductor at ends of buildings has radius of protection lessened, 134

„ Construction of, 63, 107, 178, 179

„ Cost of, for Houses of Parliament, £2314, 122

„ damaged by holdfasts, 115, 193

„ destroyed at ground line, 131

„ partly destroyed, yet useful, 62

„ deteriorate, 127

„ размеры (См. Размер).

„ do not attract lightning, 88

Conductor, every, should be complete in itself, 22

„ Examination of, 9, 72, 102, 111, 124, 127, 130, 131, 132, 179, 244

„ Expansion of, 11, 70, 125, 128, 226

„ First, 121

„ „ in England, 85, 121

„ „ in Europe, 122, 129

„ for lighthouses, 195, 199

„ for iron ships, 122, 200

„ for wooden ships, Snow Harris’s, 195, 199

„ for steeples, with horizontal bands, 125

„ how to be connected with metal portions of buildings, 65, 125, 126, 128

„ imperfect, Effect of, 21, 209

„ in contact with metal in chimney, 111

„ influenced by new water and gas mains, 127

„ influenced by trees, 127

„ is it to be a rope, rod, tube, or band?, 18, 132, 195

„ соединения в (См. Соединения).

„ laid in underground water, 128

„ led into cemented water tank, 130

„ „ water butt, 107

„ Main, 183

„ must protect ridge, gable ends, and eaves, 112

„ не изолировать (См. Изоляция).

„ not to rise less than, 15ft. above chimney, 122

„ now same as Franklin’s, 124

„ number necessary, how determined, 51

„ of copper, 107, 130

„ „ and zinc wire, 205

„ „ tape, 206

„ „ rope, 196, 203

„ „ the best, 125

„ of hollow tube, 122, 196

„ of Hotel de Ville, Brussels, 126

„ of iron, 55, 107, 125, 131, 139, 140

„ of large surface better than rod, 113

„ of links of copper, 202

„ of numerous thin wires, 139

„ of solid bolt, 196

„ of zinc wire melted, 107

Conductor on buildings, to be linked together, 204

„ on churches at Torquay defective, 130

„ on ridge of roof, 125

„ outside, 60, 126

„ Острия (См. Острия.)

„ properly made, and properly fixed, insures safety, 12

„ защищает коническое пространство (См. Защита, площадь).

„ reached water without earth plate, 128

„ Ridge, 68, 177

„ should extend above building, 106, 202

„ должен ли он представлять большую площадь сечения? (См. Площадь сечения).

„ size of, 10, 12, 18, 19, 22, 86, 119, 125, 126, 129, 131, 192, 194, 202, 214, 223, 225, 243

„ spirally coiled up, 128

„ struck by lightning, 128

„ supposed perfect, proved defective, 131

„ theory and action of, 106

„ to be close to wall of building, 11, 15, 86

„ to be continuous, 179

„ to be fixed by iron staples, 125

„ to be, 4 inches from walls and roofs, 118

„ to be inside, 126, 225

„ to be on side most exposed to weather, 60

„ to be of metal of high conductivity, 131

„ to be symmetrically arranged, 105

„ to earth by shortest route, 126

„ к газовым и водопроводным магистралям (См. Заземлители).

„ to Middlesboro’ Hospital, 204

„ to rest in hooks, 179

„ to St. Alphege Church, Greenwich, 206

„ to St. Michael’s Church, Blackheath, 205

Конус из платины (См. Платина).

Конические терминалы (См. Острия).

Conference Circulars by the Lightning Rod, 3, 175

Коническое пространство, защищенное (См. Защита, площадь).

Соединение (См. Заземлители, а также Соединения).

„ of metallic masses, 9, 10, 76, 77, 186

„ „ not necessary, 126

Contact between iron and copper to be avoided, 111

Continuity between point and earth contact, 129

Contraction to be provided for, 70, 125, 128

Copper and iron form best conductors, 119

„ and iron soldered, 107

„ and zinc wire bad for conductors, 205

„ Australian, 124

„ better than silver, 139

„ conducting power of, 19, 124, 131, 139

„ conductors, 18, 70, 86, 117, 119, 125, 126, 130

„ conductor too small, 126

„ earth plate in dry sand, 128

„ is it alone to be used?, 18

„ less liable to oxidise, 131

„ not to be in contact with galvanized iron, 102

„ nuts, 192

„ or iron conductors, 70, 192

„ plates, bent, 125

„ plate ending for conductors, 128

„ plates to provide for expansion, 125

„ острия (См. Острия).

„ preferred to iron, 131

„ purity of, 19, 124

„ rarely used, 125

„ tape recommended, 206

„ rod conductor, 185, 186, 202

„ rod, ½ in. diam. has never been fused, 125

„ rod on Eddystone Lighthouse, 184

„ rope conductor carelessly fixed, 196

„ rope conductor insulated, 194

„ rope to be used, 125,131

„ „ из толстых проволок

„ Russian, 124

„ Spanish, 124

„ tubing, 74, 122

„ wire fused throughout its length, 195

„ wires, deterioration of, 114

„ wire rope applied to St. Paul’s Cathedral, 131

„ wire rope, dimensions of, 8, 223

Corn stacks fired by lightning, 187

Coronal to be placed on chimneys, 132

Corrosion of joints of rod, 126

Cotton Mill, Explosion at, 239

Coulomb, M., his Report, 51, 53

Муфты, форма (См. Соединения).

Coutt’s Brewery, a rod at, 89

Cramps, iron, stones held by, 29

Cross, Metal, 53, 85, 227

Croxton Park, trees struck, 48

Cruickshank, A., his Report, 44

Crutches on roof to carry rod, 52, 227

Current, what it is, 100

Cutting and Co., their conductor coupling, 216

Цилиндр в воде (См. Заземлители).

Cylindrical rod or wire rope the best, 134

D’Alibard, M., his experiments at Marly, 80

Damage to building by alteration of position of safe, 127

D’Amico, Sig., 179

Damp air, a conductor, 48

Dampness of new chimneys cause of being struck, 194

Danger of explosion from use of gas pipes, 201

Davioud, M., his report, 67

Davis, H. D., suggestion about gas pipes, 201

„ Jno. & Son, their answer, 14, 15, 17

Davy on conducting power of metals, 124

Deaths from lightning, 100, 126

De la Place, M., his Report to French Academy, 51

De la Rive says blunt points or balls equally effective, 106

De la Rue’s (Dr. Warren) experiments, 133, 135

Delaval, M., his Report, 76

Delieul, Messrs., points made by, 66

De Lor, M., his experiments in Paris, 80

Denmark, lightning conductors in, 176

Desains, M., his Report, 67

De Saussure’s neighbours frightened at his conductors, 122

De Senarmont, M., his Report on points, 66

Designs for protecting private houses, 125

Despretz, M., his Report on points, 66

Destruction of conductors by use of iron wall eyes, 131

Размеры молниеотводов (См. Молниеотводы, размеры).

Dimensions of upper terminals, 17, 18

Discharge diverted from conductor by an anchor, 128

„ from thunder cloud over plane surface would be vertical, 127

„ of electricity by trees lessens energy of lightning, 127

„ of electricity of high potential obeys laws of Ohm, 134

„ of lightning—Earth contact, 131

„ passes through conductor, Faraday, 132

Discharging fork to be attached to lower end of conductor, 11, 231

Doherty, J., on explosion at Swan Cotton Mill, 239

Doors, copper, to magazines, 74

„ iron, to powder store, 76

„ lightning passed out of, 27, 48

Drain, conductor to be led into, 14

Duc, M., his Report, 67

Dugmore, Mr., his evidence, 198

Duhamel, M., his Report, 60, 66

Dulong, M., his joint instructions, 59

Dum Dum, accident at, 181

Du Moncel, Comte, 67, 226

Dungeness Lighthouse, 183, 186

Duprez, M., his statistics of buildings and ships struck, 91

„ on height of points, 96

Dymond, E. E., Abstracts by, 51, 108

Earth, “bad”, 110, 117, 126, 127, 209, 210, 218

„ moist, better than a well for end of conductor, 74

„ plate, pipe, or tube, 9, 24, 100, 114, 115, 118, 120, 128, 177, 179, 186, 231

„ plates at Torquay carried out to sea, 130

„ „ unnecessary, 16

„ Terminals, 11, 13, 14, 15, 21, 56, 95, 102, 106, 109, 116, 126, 131, 140, 180

„ „ at base of rain water pipe, 132

„ „ bad, 110, 117, 126, 127, 209, 210, 218

„ „ Borrell’s, 226

„ „ Callaud’s, 104, 125, 131

„ „ destroyed in moist earth, 116

„ „ Discussion on, 131

„ „ Duplicate, 65

„ „ important, 11, 71, 126, 131, 243

Earth Terminals of conductors in iron box, 126, 231

„ „ of conductors, Stotherd, Lt.-Col., 130

„ „ in wells, 15, 56, 60, 74, 77, 100, 118, 126, 139, 179, 180, 231, 243

„ „ iron should be galvanised, 120

„ „ length of, 11

„ „ multiple, 139, 243

„ „ Oxidation of, 125, 131

„ „ Rules for, 64, 72, 132

„ „ to be accessible, 68

„ „ to be carried away from building, 107

„ „ to be connected, 120

„ „ to be deep and wet, 107

„ „ to be good, 126, 130

„ „ to be in moist ground, 21, 52, 55, 56, 58, 74, 113, 118, 123, 124, 125, 126, 131

„ „ to be tested, 111, 131

„ „ with charcoal cinders or coke, 9, 12, 16, 23, 24, 58, 104, 116, 120, 125, 126, 131

„ „ with coil of conductor, 9

„ „ with galena, &c., 58

„ „ с газовыми трубами (См. Газ).

„ „ with iron forks or harrows, 11, 131

„ „ with old iron, 74, 204

„ „ with water, 52, 53, 67, 68, 126, 130, 140

„ „ „ pipes, 9, 26, 46, 55, 56, 68, 118, 125, 126, 127, 128, 132, 231, 235, 243

Eddystone Lighthouse, 183, 184, 186, 189, 191

Effects of climate on copper and zinc wire ropes, 205

Electric current checked, 193

„ discharge takes path with best conduction, 127

„ fire not diverted from its path by rod, 125

Electricity a terribly explosive power, 72

„ Atmospheric, 98, 112, 117, 119

Electricity, frictional and atmospheric the same, 82, 112

„ carried off by water pipe, 126

„ for telegraphic purposes follows Ohm’s laws, 133

„ is force, not matter, 100

„ of earth negative—atmosphere positive, 112

„ Static, laws of, 132

„ will leave small conductors for large ones, 204

Electrodes, 110

Elevated rods preferable to low conductors, 79

End of conductor, lower, to be coiled up, 9

Energy of lightning lessened by trees, 127

England, accidents from lightning, 126

Escurial, no conductor on, 100

Осмотр молниеотводов (См. Молниеотводы, осмотр).

Expansion of conductor to be allowed for, 11, 70, 125, 128, 226, 229

Experiment on wire across Thames, 121

„ on plait of copper and zinc wire at Blackheath, 205

„ with a very thin strip of tinfoil, 199

„ with glass rods, 121

Explosion of a gas meter, 239

Explosions, electrical, their cause, 81

Extent of surface does not favour lightning discharges, 134

Eyes for fastening conductors, 99, 115 (See Attachment).

Faraday on conductors, 83, 84, 89, 102, 132, 183, 186, 187, 189, 190, 195, 196, 199.

Field, Rogers, C.E., on accident at Caterham, 210

„ on ventilating pipes, 216

Fire of inflammable materials, 127

First conductor erected in England, 85, 121

First conductor fixed in Europe at Hamburg, 122, 129

Fixing conductors to ships, 87

Fizeau, M., his report on powder magazines, 66, 67

Flagstaff should have a conductor, 70

„ struck, 44, 187, 196

Flashing, Lead, how to connect wire rope with, 10, 11, 34

Flash, lightning, effects of, 84

Flow of electricity through conductors, 133

Flues copper, 183, 185

„ lightning passed down, 38, 39

„ warm, and an iron grate, a dangerous conductor, 101

Forest Hill, chimney of house struck, 38

Формы верхних терминалов (См. Острие).

Формула для определения защищаемой площади (См. Защита, площадь).

Foster, Prof. G. Carey, on Personal safety, 233

Fountains, Public, conductor lead away from, 56

Franklin, Dr., and wet rat, 85

„ discovered pointed metal best conductor, 121

„ erected lightning rod to his house, 121

„ experiments, 79, 84

„ „ repeated by Buffon & Dalibar, 115

„ first conductor was melted, 116

„ his report to French Academy, 51

„ on cold fusion, 102

„ on connection of lightning rod, 54

„ report on Purfleet, 76, 126

„ round rod best, 114

„ success in pushing use of conductors, 121

„ tried his kite successfully, 121

Freeman & Collier, their answer, 10, 17

French instructions, 51

„ „ on area protected, 22

Fresnel, M., his instructions, 59

Frost, A. J., Abstracts by, 99, 118

Fusion, metals which resist, only to be used, 139

„ of defective conductor, 215

„ of rod, Wheatstone on, 83

Gable near conductor struck by lightning, 28

Galena, and melted sulphur, Bed of for end of conductor, 58

Galvanic action between iron and copper, 111, 130

„ of wet and smoke on conductors, 205

Galvanised conductor painted, 139

„ iron, 19, 67, 68, 72, 101, 120, 124, 125, 132, 139

„ not to be in contact with copper, 102

Galvanised iron best material for earth contact, 130

Galvanometer for testing earth currents, 131

Gas and water mains, 113

„ „ „ использование, 9, 28, 37, 39, 44, 72, 100, 102, 103, 108, 114, 117, 125, 126, 128, 138, 201, 231, 235

Gas coke for earth terminal, 23, 24

Gases from chimney injure conductors, 111

Gas ignited, 219

„ meter exploded, 239

Gasometer struck, 43

Gas-pipes, Soft metal, not to be used as conductors, 108

Gavarret’s, M., experiments, 139

Gavey, J., on accident at Carmarthen, 217

Gay Lussac’s iron conductor recommended, 104

German “reception rod” of iron, 125

Geneva cathedral, 103

Genoa, St. Mary’s Church, 126

Gilbert, Dr. (1600) magnetic and galvanic action one force, 120

Позолоченное острие (См. Острие позолоченное.)

Girard, M., his instructions, 59

Girders, how connected, 10

Glass, foundation of house insulated, 118

„ изоляторы (См. Изоляторы.)

„ repeller, 83, 185, 186

Шаровая молния (См. Молния, шаровая).

Goldie’s, Mr., experience, 193

Governments, French and English, size of rod sanctioned by, 12

Grapnels and gratings for earth plates, 125, 126, 131

Gray, J. W. and Son, their answer, 7–9, 17

“Gridiron,” Termini of ribs pointed, 23, 24

Groome’s, J. E., evidence, 196, 197, 198

Заземление (См. Заземлители).

„ containing ironstone, 48

Guillemin’s, M., opinion, 132

Gunpowder stores, conductor, how to be fixed, 82

Gutters, Metallic, 40, 41, 45, 46, 47, 60, 125, 213

„ must be connected with conductor, 60

„ utilization of, 47, 125, 244

Guyton, M., his practice with charcoal, 58

Haigh & Son’s Colliery, 74, 216

Harris, Sir William Snow, Crown adviser, 8

„ combated the idea that rods attracted lightning, 122

„ conductors to ships and buildings, 83, 122, 130, 196

„ in conflict with Faraday, 195, 196, 200

„ on Sectional Area, 110

„ on copper conductors, 202

„ on expense of conductors, 49

„ on fusion, 86

„ on hollow or solid conductors, 74

„ on relative conductivity of metals, 71

„ on shipwrecks by lightning, 90

„ on thunderstorms, 85

„ Principles adopted by, 70, 101

„ regarding insulators, 15

„ report on safety of conductors, 72, 110

„ says discharges pass over surface, 132

„ suggestions issued in army circulars, 122

Hauksbee, F., F.R.S., similarity of electric flash and lightning, 121

Hawksley, T., his report, 37

Hay a bad conductor, 127

Hay newly gathered, inflammable, 127

Heated smoke from chimney, a conductor, 132

Heckingham poorhouse struck, 87

Height of rods, 120, 124, 125, 139, 177

Hemispheres of brass, experiments with, 105

Henly, W., his report, 78, 79

Henry, Prof. Joseph, on construction of lightning rods, 99, 181

Herring’s, Mr., evidence, 196

Heryet, Chas. J., his opinion, 206

Higginbotham’s, Mr., evidence, 194

High buildings a source of safety to lower ones near, 12

Highton, E., on lightning conductors, 239

Hill, A., his Report, 37

Hine, G. J., his Report, 37

Hine, T. C., and Sons, Architects, ground plan of Nottingham Castle, 26

Holborn Union Infirmary, Upper Holloway, struck, 39

Holdfast, brass, 16

„ copper, 7, 8, 13, 16, 21, 24, 39

„ driven in too tight, 16, 193 (See Attachment.)

Hole in ship’s side, made by lightning, 62

Honeyman’s, J., evidence, 194

Hook and rings used as joints, 94

Hoop iron in brickwork of chimneys struck, 46

Hoops round chimney, 89

Hopkins, Rev. G. H., his Report, 30

Horizontal conductor, 71

„ conductors for steeples, 125

Horsley, Bishop, his Report, 79

Hotel des Invalides, Paris, conductor on, 86

Hotel de Ville, Brussels, conductors of, 126

House at Bethnal Green cut in two by lightning, 41

„ at Bournemouth with, 7 conductors, 199

„ at Cannes (France) struck, 198

„ near trees struck, 127

„ of Parliament protected by Harris’s conductors, 122

„ with two separate conductors, 128

Hugueny, M. F., on “Le coup de foudre de l’ile du Rhin”, 99

Ignition depends on retardation of discharge, 127

Infirmary, how to be protected, 10

Ingenhousz’s, Dr., experiments, 122

Ingram, Mr., of Belvoir Castle, on trees struck, 47

Inspection of conductors, 9, 72, 102, 111, 124, 127, 130, 131, 132, 179, 244

Instructions, 63, 99, 176, 181, 240

„ British Army Circular, 70

„ French Official, 59

„ for formation of good earth, 64, 72, 132

Instrument hut at Valencia, how protected, 105

Insulation, shock decreased by, 118

Insulators, 34, 37, 76, 99, 184, 186, 194

„ approved, 13, 118

„ objected to, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 21, 24, 68, 69, 73, 86, 89, 103, 111, 118, 126, 139, 186, 226

Iron a better conductor than formerly, 19

„ and copper form best conductors, 119

„ as a conductor, not objected to if galvanised, 19

„ bar, 131, 226

„ „ melted, 61

„ bars on ridge for metallic connection, 125

„ better than copper, 192, 243

„ box for earth contact of conductors, 126

Iron buildings covered with asphalte, 70

„ built ship, metal-rigged, if protected, 122, 200

„ cables, galvanized, sometimes used, 125

„ conductors, 18, 69, 74, 116, 125

„ „ bad, 9, 39, 192

„ „ good, 81, 243

„ „ cost of, 19, 70, 124, 132

„ „ should weigh, 13 to, 37 oz. per foot, 119

„ galvanized for conductor, 74, 116, 132, 139

„ has greater specific heat than copper, 132

„ its high temperature at fusion, 132

„ in coke undergoes no change, 116

„ Joints in defective, 116

„ not to be used for rods, 123

„ points, 88, 138

„ pumps reaching to water act as attractive points, 127

„ rain water pipes, good conductors, 102, 113

„ “reception rod” used in Germany, 125

„ rods on all sides best protection, 124

„ safe in altered position caused damage to building, 127

„ staples and wall eyes, 125, 130

„ terminal rods, 124, 125

„ underground, destruction of prevented, 125

„ wires surrounding copper wire, 200

Изоляторы (См. Изоляторы).

Italy, Lightning rods used there, 179

Jarriant, M., his books abstracted, 111, 115

„ his manufactory, 227

Jenkin, Professor, says point prevents discharge, 106

Jerman, J., his report, 37

Johnson, Clapham & Morris, their answer,13

Johnston, W. P., 181

Joints, avoided in wire cables, 132

„ Cutting & Co., 216

„ damaged, 69, 110, 126

„ how avoided in upper terminals, 23

„ how made, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 20, 24, 52, 55, 59, 63, 70, 71, 103, 179, 192, 243

„ must be perfect, 58, 131

„ of bars always defective, 116

„ of extra thickness, 74

„ of rain water pipes, 132

Joints should be metallically continuous, 20

„ soldered, 9, 24, 66, 68, 70, 71, 102, 123, 125, 139, 140, 141, 243

„ to be avoided, 10, 11, 16, 20, 63

Journal of Society of Telegraph Engineers, May, 12, 1875, 130

“Jupiter” ship struck, 62, 95

Karsten, Prof. D. G., lightning conductors, by, 119

Kew, experiments at, on atmospheric electricity, 112

Kilbourne, Lieut., 181

Kirchoff, Prof., on connection with gas mains, 235

Kite, Silk, Franklin’s experiments with, 80

Korte’s, Messrs., Paper, 105

Lacoine, M., on area protected, 134

Lane, T., his Report, 79

Lantern on lighthouse, 184, 186

La Place, M., his Reports, 53, 57

Lateral discharge, 73, 83, 84, 85

Latham, Baldwin, on conductors, 202

Law, E. J., his Report, 37

Laws of Static electricity, 132

Lead a bad conductor, 123

„ at joints, 94, 125

„ casing for upper terminals, 131

„ floors, 188, 189

„ liked because of fitting sharp curves, 123

„ pipe for earth connection, 77

„ roofs and spouts, 51, 82, 102

„ thin sheet of, covering ends of wire, very dangerous, 20

Leaves of trees draw off electricity, 84

Lefevre-Gineau, M., his instructions, 59

Le Gentil, M., his observations, 84

Length and sectional areas, proportion between, 14

„ of conductor above top holdfast destroyed, 193

„ of conductor determines amount of resistance, 131

Lenz, M., on conducting power of metals, 124

Leroy, M., his Report, 51, 53

Lewis, Prof. T. Hayter, Abstracts by, 70, 79, 81, 84, 100, 110, 112, 117, 120, 179

„ his joint Report, 28, 37

Leyden discharges and lightning flashes, 84

„ Jar, 121

Lichtenberg of Gottingen, his opinion, 129

Liddell, J., on lightning conductors, 202

Lighthouses and exposed buildings protected did not suffer, 106

Lighthouse at Berehaven struck by lightning, 208

„ damaged by lightning, 196

„ lightning rods on, 183, 190

Lightning an immense electric spark, 123

„ Ball, 99, 101, 102, 108, 205, 242

„ Bifurcated, 45

„ молниеотвод (См. Молниеотвод).

„ diffused, 108

„ does it pass inside or outside conductor?, 15, 18, 49, 132

„ Flash, 108

„ follows line of least resistance, 108

„ Force of, exemplified, 45

„ Шаровая (См. выше Шар).

„ going to earth without conductor, 128

„ identical with electricity, 82

„ incandescent matter, 100

„ in colliery workings, 237

„ leaves conductor and enters chimney, 203

„ passed down mainmast and through ship, 195

„ passed to iron supports, 128

„ passing out of a ship by a copper bolt, 205

„ Personal safety from, 233

„ протекторы (См. Молниеотводы).

„ ran along a bell wire, 195

„ „ thatched roof of house, 128

„ Rod Conference, their Circular, 28

„ Стержни (См. Молниеотводы).

„ Sheet, 108

„ the cause of, 81

„ various forms of, 108

Lime, to prevent oxidation of cylinder, 140

Line, conductor should run round building, 134

Linked system of conductors introduced by Sir W. S. Harris, 204

Links of chains, 179

Llandaff Cathedral, conductor on, 102

Высокие здания требуют больших стержней (См. Площадь, сечения).

Long conductors above buildings, their effect, 77

Long’s, F., account of injury to Wells Church, 195

Louvre, New Buildings of the, Special Report for, 64

„ slightly injured by lightning, 123

Low straggling buildings should have several conductors, 15

Lucas, Mr., his Report, 67

Lussac, Gay, M., his Report, 57, 59

McDonald’s, Mr., experience, 193

McGregor, W., protection from Lightning, 106

Magazine, copper doors and windows to, 74, 216

„ of metal, the safest, 73

„ underground, 70

„ well at each end of, 126

(См. также Пороховые склады).

Magne, Mr., his Report, 67

Mahon, Lord, his Report, 79

Mairie, of, 20th Arrondissement struck, 69

Majendie, Major V. D., his Report, 74, 216

Malcolm, Major, R. E., discussion on lightning conductors, 131

Mann, Dr. R. J., Lecture at Society of Arts, 108

„ discussion on earth connections, 131

„ discussion on lightning conductors, 131

Man might touch conductor in thunder storm, 126

Marseilles, Powder Magazine at, how to be protected, 51, 52

Massingham, T., evidence and letter, 15, 16, 17, 193

Masses, metallic must be connected with conductor, 60, 94, 104, 126, 132, 240

Mass or surface, which conducts?, 13, 15, 18, 49, 74, 132, 227

Masts of large vessels, each to have a conductor, 6

Masulipatam, accident near, 206

Materials, inflammable, not ignited, 127

Maxwell, Hugh, on kind of trees struck, 47

Maxwell’s, Clerk, Theory, 109, 126, 132, 133

Mechanical action of lightning, 85

Meiszner’s improvement, 130

Melsens says discharge passes over surface, 132

„ System of protection as applied to monument at Lacken, 230

„ various works by, 124, 138, 140, 141

Men-of-war, old conductors in, 202

Merton College, Oxford, damaged, 126

Metallic cap may assist protection of house, 132

„ circuit, 126

„ connection must be perfect, 130

„ connections on ridge by iron bars, 125

„ joints, 89

Metals, contact of dissimilar, results in decay, 19, 21

Metal cowl of chimney struck, 198

„ for points must be good conductor, 139

„ immaterial if sectional area be large, 131

„ in buildings, contiguity with to be avoided, 5

„ inside or out, to be connected with conductor, 125, 126

„ melted, dimensions of, 61, 83, 223, 231

„ of high conductivity for conductors, 131

„ stays and fastenings, 184, 185

Michel, M., Papers by, 67, 68, 111, 131

„ on galvanised wire rope, 131

Milne, D., his Report, 44

Mining Engineers, Enquiry by, 237

Mohn’s, H., Lynildens Farlighed I Norge, 106

Moist earth destroys terminal, 116

„ for lower terminal, essential, 21, 52, 56, 58, 125, 126

%center%(См. Заземлители).

Moisture, Access of, to surfaces in contact, 71

Moncel, Comte du, his Report, 67

„ „ his opinions, 226

Monte Video, English Consul’s house struck, 195

Montgolfier, M., his Report, 57

Monument, London, its immunity from injury by lightning, 103

Morea, Signor Lerigi, 180

Müller’s, Prof., conditions for lightning conductors, 129

Müller’s, Dr. Hugo, experiments, 135

Municipal buildings in Paris, lightning rods for, 67, 225

Munson, D., & Co., their rods, 216

Murgatroyd, J., his report, 39

Murray, J., on Atmospheric Electricity, 82

Musgrave, Dr., his report, 79

Myers, Gen., 181

Nails, copper, used in attaching conductor to building, 14

%center%(См. также Крепление).

Nairne, E., his report, 79

Nash lights, 183, 187

National Institute (of France) report made to, 53

Nelson column, 90

Newton, Sir I., machine of glass, 120

“New York,” packet boat, struck, 61, 62

Nickson, Mr., his report, 78

Nottingham, Castle, how protected, 23, 24

Nuts, copper, 192

%center%(См. Соединения).

Number of persons killed by one discharge, 129

Objects on plains attract lightning, 127

Odour, sulphurous, of lightning, 85

Официальные инструкции:

„ Denmark, 176

„ England, 70–74

„ France, 51–69

„ India, 181

„ Italy, 179

„ Norway, 106, 176

„ United States, 181

Ohm, his laws, 18, 133

„ on conducting power of metals, 124

Oldham, Explosion at, 239

Oliver, T., his report, 39

Oxidation, how to be avoided, 83

„ of copper less than that of iron, 131

„ of cylinder, 140

„ „ earth terminals, 131

„ „ surface of conductor unimportant, 73

„ „ terminals leads to failures of conductors, 131

Painted conductor, 69, 94, 99, 103, 113, 117

„ galvanized conductor, 139

Paint objected to, 67, 227

Palais de l’Industrie, Paris, its construction, 61

Paratonnerres, Traité des, 103

„ A Collin et Fils, Paris, 117

„ Nouveau par Jarriant, 111

„ par Jarriant, 115

Partial protection, 194, 244

Passage of electricity of tension in bad conductors, 141

Patterson, Mr., of Philadelphia, on good contact, 58

Payneshill, site of first conductor, 85

Pearson, J. L., his report, 39

Pegwell Bay, tide receded, 48

Pennycook & Co., their answer, 13, 14, 17

Perfect lightning conductor, 131, 186

Perforated iron pipe as earth terminal, 114

Perrott’s, M., experiments, 139

„ remarks on earth contacts, 140

Perry, Prof., on conductors, 132

Personal safety from Lightning, 233

Persons killed by lightning in France, 129

Perspiration from flock of sheep, a conductor, 48

Phillips, R., on atmospherical electricity, 98

Phin, John, on lightning rods, 102, 181

Phipson, R.M., account of destruction of Wells Church, 194

Pidgeon, Mr., discussion on earth connections, 131

Pierron, M., his proposal, 52

Pinnacles on church towers, 10, 29, 137

Трубы, газовые, (См. Газ, Вода и Заземлители).

„ hard metal, as conductors, 108

„ iron, easily made into protectors, 102

„ of terra cotta, 180

„ rain-water, 34, 74

„ as earth terminal, 114

Plait of copper wire, 5, 9, 205, 210, 215

Planta, Mr., his report, 79

Пластина, заземляющая (См. Заземляющая пластина).

Platinum points, 37, 115, 140, 227

„ „ approved of, 15, 54, 55, 59, 63, 66, 99, 104, 116, 120

„ „ objected to, 67, 73, 103, 123, 139

„ „ only half the conducting power of copper, 73

„ „ blunted, 69

„ „ fused, 128, 231

Plymouth, Charles Church at, 86

Острия эгрет (См. ниже Множественные).

„ attracts electricity, 82

„ blunted, 53, 69

„ breaks the force of lightning, 73

„ корональные (См. ниже Множественные).

„ dimensions of, 17, 18, 120, 130, 178

„ Duhamel upon, 66

„ Engravings of some modern ones, 230

„ facilitate discharge, 131

Point generally, 9, 17, 18, 76, 79, 81, 86, 92, 122, 125, 131, 139

„ gilded, 9, 55, 59, 71, 120, 138

„ „ needless, 73, 103, 113

„ height of, 52, 138

„ how to be fixed, 14, 52, 53, 55, 58, 130

„ in situ, examination of necessary, 18

„ melted, 53, 87, 92, 192, 195, 231

„ multiple, 34, 231

„ „ recommended, 10, 13, 14, 15, 23, 104, 108, 125, 132, 139, 243

„ „ objected to, 18, 71

„ not to be fusible, 93, 120

„ of attraction, 127

„ „ copper, 10, 13, 23, 66, 67, 107, 111, 117, 120, 123, 132, 139

„ „ iron, 88, 138

„ „ brass, 13

„ „ pinnacles to be united to main conductors, 118

„ „ платиновые (См. Платина).

„ „ silver, 7, 120, 130, 139

„ „ three kinds, 138

„ „ vane, 186

%center%(См. Флюгеры).

„ or blunt conductors, 77, 79, 106

„ render lateral discharges less probable, 131

„ Report upon, 60, 66

„ sharp, 129, 130, 132, 138, 139

„ „ not too, 92, 123, 129, 242

„ „ experiments with, 51, 80

„ should be kept clean, 130, 132

„ „ of good conducting metal, 139

„ следует ли его красить? (См. Окраска).

„ пространство, защищаемое (См. Защита, площадь).

„ square tapering, 23

„ used in Germany, fire gilded copper cone or sphere, 105, 111, 130

„ useful, 102, 122

„ useless, 77, 103, 113

„ vertical, horizontal, or perpendicular, 58

Poisson, M., his joint instructions, 59

Polarity of ship’s compass reversed by lightning, 121

Poles, Telegraphic, how protected, 101

Pouillet, M., his joint Report, 60, 66

„ on Conducting Powers of Metals, 124

„ „ Discharge of Lightning, 131

Пороховые склады, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 66, 67, 70, 73, 74, 76, 81, 87, 109, 118, 123, 126, 130, 177, 178, 216

Preece’s, Mr. W. H., Abstract of Replies of Manufacturers, 22

„ Discussion on Lightning Conductors, 131

„ Discussion on Earth Connection, 131

„ Abstracts by, 98, 102, 117, 130, 132, 241, 243

„ on Conductors, 100

„ „ Ball Lightning, 101, 102

„ Paper Discussion on, 102

„ Proper Form of Lightning Conductors, 132

„ Space protected, 135

Priestly, Dr., his Report, 79

Pringle, Sir John, his Report, 79

„ advocated use of points, 122

Протектор (См. Молниеотвод).

Защита, площадь, 6, 9, 13, 15, 16, 21, 22, 24, 57, 60, 64, 67, 71, 73, 82, 87, 96, 102, 106, 111, 112, 117, 123, 125, 134, 135, 137, 180, 192, 226, 230, 243

„ of buildings from lightning, 195

„ „ buildings from lightning, R. S. Brough, 132

„ „ iron from decay by galvanizing, 132

„ „ telegraph wires by lightning conductor, 130

„ partial, 194, 244

Prussia, accidents from lightning, 126

Purfleet, Board House struck, 76, 78, 88, 122, 126

Purity of copper essential, 124

Четырехугольный железный стержень для молниеотвода (См. Железо, стержень).

Questions respecting damage by lightning, 28, 29

Радиус защиты (См. Защита, площадь).

Railings to be joined to conductor, 125

Railway Terminus at Antwerp struck, 137

„ track makes capital earth, 117

Rain-water pipe as conductor, 37, 38, 41, 132, 213

Rat, Wet, indestructible by electricity, 85

Ravel, M. de Puy Contal, his proposal, 52

“Reception rod” of iron used in Germany, 125

Regnault, M., his reports, 66

Regnier’s system of lightning rods, 54, 57

Regulations for lightning conductors in Denmark, 176

Repellers, Glass, 186

Сопротивление молниеотвода варьируется в зависимости от его длины (См. Площадь, сечения). Задерживающее влияние электростатической емкости, 133

Return shock mechanical in effect, 129

Ribbons and tubes still in use, 133

„ or rods offer less resistance than ropes, 204

%center%(См. также Лента.)

Richard & Co., their tall chimney struck, 44

Richmann, Prof., killed, 1753, whilst experimenting, 121

Ridges, metallic conductor covering, 68, 177

Rittenhouse, Dr., of Philadelphia, his observations, 53

Rivets, copper, used for joints, 24

Robins, E. C., his report, 39

Robertson, J., his report, 76

Rochon, M., his report, 51, 57

Rods better than ropes or chains, 96, 204

„ solid copper, 10, 13, 14, 15, 73, 89, 117, 123, 184, 195

„ copper not fusible, 125

„ copper, their size, 70, 180

„ Заземлители (см. их).

„ elevation, how coupled, 24

„ horizontal, on roof, 52, 118

„ как крепить к зданиям, (См. Крепление).

„ iron, conductor, 10, 46, 47, 77, 99, 117, 177

„ „ tarred or galvanized, 104

„ „ the size of, 52, 58, 70, 74, 130

„ Соединения в (См. Соединения).

„ Lightning, and how to construct them, 102

„ Munson’s, 216

„ must be thoroughly joined, 52

„ not to be inside chimney, 111

„ of greatest length gives most protection, 137

„ of spirally twisted iron, 192

„ Острия (См. Острия).

„ следует красить (См. Окраска).

Стержни, размер (См. Молниеотвод, размер).

„ Tie, must be connected with conductor, 60

„ to be diameter of chimney above top, 111

„ to be made of conical form, 129

„ will not divert electric fire from its path, 125

Rome, system of rods used there, 179

Roof, all metals in, to be connected, 60, 72

„ covered with metal, 37, 69, 177

„ lead, easily made into protector, 102

„ of wood or slate has conductor on ridge, 125

„ with masses of metal, difficult to protect, 7

Rope better than rod, 5, 10, 60, 111, 113, 131, 243

„ brass wire, 60, 124

„ conductor, how to fit to ship’s rigging, 6

„ „ lower end of to be opened, 11, 15

„ copper and zinc wire decayed, 205

„ copper better than iron for towns, 19

„ copper, its advantages and disadvantages, 8, 56, 63, 131, 134

„ copper wire, 10, 13, 14, 34, 37, 39, 60, 75, 103, 125, 131, 225, 226, 227

„ „ dimensions of, 8, 9, 223

„ „ has both surface and mass, 16

„ „ too expensive, 58

„ easily bent without angles, 19

„ „ joined, diverted, or lengthened, 19

„ hemp, for conductors, 56

„ Iron wire, 19, 58, 68, 125, 227, 243

„ „ „ smashed, 86

„ liable to corrosion on factory chimneys, 125

„ of thick copper wire, 226, 229

„ or cable, fringed out at upper terminal, 14

„ metallic, disadvantages of, 62, 63, 95, 204

„ for connecting points with metal bars, 55

„ with hemp strand in middle, 116, 227

„ Wire, conductor, badly erected, 39

„ damaged, 193

Rosherville Church struck though provided with a conductor, 34

Rounded and pointed conductors, 79

%center%(См. Острие.)

Route to earth for conductor, 126

Royal Society, Committee of, 76, 78, 79

Правила установки молниеотводов

%center%(См. Инструкции).

Russell, F. & Co., their answers, 9, 17

Rust increases electrical resistance, 70, 107

Sacré’s, M. E., system, 140

Safety from Lightning, Personal, 233

St. Ann’s Hotel, Buxton, struck, 34

St. Aubyn, J. P., 29

St. Clotilde Church, Paris, struck, 69

St. Eloi Church, Paris, struck, 69

St. George’s, Leicester, 126, 240

St. James’ Church, West-End, Hants, struck, 34

St. Mary’s, Crumpsall, near Manchester, struck, 39

St. Mark’s, Venice, 103

St. Matthias’s Church, Brixton, struck, 39

St. Michael’s Church, Stamford, struck, 43

St. Paul’s Cathedral, Accident to, 78

„ „ fitted with copper wire rope, 131

„ „ its immunity from injury by lightning, 103

St. Peter’s Church, Brighton, pinnacle struck, 48

St. Sepulchre’s Church, Northampton, struck, 37

St. Sulpice Church, Paris, struck, 69

Sanderson & Co., their answers, 23, 24

«Scientific American», 118

Screen, metallic, a protection, 85

Secchi, P., 180

Площадь сечения (См. Площадь, сечения).

Острые наконечники (См. Острия).

Sheets, Iron, struck, 53

Sheet lightning is the reflection of forked, 101, 242

Ships struck, 53, 61, 62, 88, 95, 195, 205

„ conductors, 6, 90, 121, 122, 195, 199, 200

Short terminal points to chimneys, 125

Siemens, A., abstract by, 127

Серебряные наконечники (См. Острия из серебра).

Simmons, J., his Essay, 81

Размер молниеотвода (См. Молниеотвод, размер).

Small conductor replaced by heavier one, 194

Smoke discharged from chimney a conductor, 132

Smoke often destroys brass, 124

Snell, H. S., his report, 39

Soil, change in nature of, its effect, 71

„ dry, a non-conductor, 70

„ metallic veins beneath, 61

„ water beneath will attract lightning, 61

Спаянные соединения (См. Соединения).

Solder, objectionable, 16

„ the use of, imperative, 20

„ „ not universal, 20

„ with copper, 103

Solid rods superseded by ropes of wire (See Ropes), 131

South Foreland Lighthouse, 185, 186

Spagnoletti, Mr., discussion on lightning conductors, 131

Spang, H. W., Treatise on Lightning Conductors, 112, 181

Sparks from Holtz’s machine, 141

„ „ Ruhmkorff’s coil, 141

Пространство защищенное (См. Защита, площадь).

Specific attraction, equal in all bodies, 73

„ heat of iron greater than copper, 132

Sphere, Metal, on top of conductors, 111

Железный шип (См. Острие).

Spiral twisted iron rods, 192

Spires, Church, conductor for, how fixed, 23

Spire, Church, conductors for without joints, 24

Spires, connection from bottom of vane rod, 14

Spout, Iron, entered by lightning, 43

Spout split at joints, 45, 46, 47, 49

Spratt’s patent conductors, 205, 210, 215

Spurn Point High Light, 184

Square building to have terminal at each end, 125

„ wire, 13, 216

Скобы для крепления молниеотвода (См. Крепление).

Static discharges from conductors, 133

„ electricity, laws of, 132

Stays, Metal, 184,185

Steeple of Jacobi Church, at Hamburg, 129

Steeples to have horizontal conductors, 113, 125

Steeple with lightning rod injured, 124, 125

Steinheil’s lightning protector, 130

Sterriker, John, his report, 45, 46

Хомуты и гвозди (См. Крепление).

Strasbourg, accident at, 99

Straw conductors for country use, 104

Водоносные пласты, соединение с ними (См. Заземлитель).

Stream of fire in rigging of ship, 54

Striking distance, 650 to, 6500 feet, 108

Stroke, lightning, 9 or, 10 miles, 108

Sullivan, Adml. 183, 195, 199

Sulphur Paste made of galena and melted, for end of conductor, 58

Sulphurous fumes destructive to terminals, 131

„ odour of lightning, 85

Sun burner to lofty building, 201

Superficial conductors, advantages of, 86

Supports of protector soldered with zinc, 140

Supposed perfect conductor, 131

Surface exposed to air considerable, 139

„ or mass, which conducts?, 13, 15, 18, 49, 74, 89, 132

Swan Cotton Mill, 239

Sweden, accidents from lightning, 126

Symons, G. J., 43, 46, 183

„ abstracts by, 74, 89, 99, 102, 104, 111, 115, 131, 132, 134, 135

Tacchini, Prof., 179, 180

Tait, Prof., on thunderstorms, 241

Tanks, 15, 71, 94, 107, 130

Tape, joints, if any, should be rivetted and soldered, 7

„ copper better than rope, 8, 204

„ „ objections to, 5, 6, 16

„ „ let into masts, 92

„ lower end to have a discharging fork, 11

„ Phin, upon, 103

„ to be cut in strips for earth terminal, 15, 23

„ copper, the sizes and lengths made, 7, 10, 14, 23, 70, 133

„ cheaper than rope, 8, 9

Tarred casing of wood to enclose iron, 125

„ metallic rope, 60

Taunton Church, large copper rope conductor, 8

Teale, F. G., of Calcutta, 181

Telegraph instruments injured, 100

„ poles, how protected, 101

„ wires affected underground, 101

Temperature, variations of, affecting length of conductor, 68, 125, 226

Terkelsen, C., abstract by, 106

Терминал, площадь защищаемая (См. Защита, площадь).

Терминалы (См. Острия).

Терминал, заземляющий (См. Заземлитель).

Terminal for every, 20 ft. of roof, 125

„ how fastened to roof, 52

„ если их много, должны иметь пропорционально более толстый молниеотвод (См. Площадь, сечения).

„ long upper, 68, 77, 225, 229

„ jar roof by vibration by wind, 116, 127

„ not always pointed, 92, 125

„ painted or tinned, 55

„ rods, 17, 55, 66, 67, 72, 124

„ „ разветвляться наверху

%center%(См. Острия).

„ Upper, how attached to conductor, 60

„ „ fused, 193

„ „ should be cased in lead to protect from sulphurous fumes, 131

„ „ to be a round rod, 125

„ „ to be iron or copper, 82

„ „ too small, 62

„ „ what it is, 59

„ „ what made of, 13

Terra Cotta water pipes, 180

Testing apparatus, 111, 225, 228, 243, 244

„ of building as well as of conductor, 9

„ of conductors with galvanometer, 9, 131

„ to be periodical, 132, 244

Теория защиты (См. Защита, площадь).

Thimbles, glass, 186

Thomson, Prof. Sir W., on conductors, 47, 48, 49, 102, 133

Thunderstorms dangerous where no woods are, 119

„ in France, 1822, 123

„ nature of, 85

Стяжки, металлические (См. Крепление).

Tin and lead conductors tried, 123

Tinfoil, experiments with, 199

Tinned metallic wire, 95

Наконечники (См. Острия).

Tomes, J., F.R.S,, accident to his house, 210

Верхний молниеотвод (См. Молниеотвод коньковый).

Torquay, no good earth there, 130

Tower of church struck, 29

„ of house struck, 37

Trees bad conductors, 127

Trees, High, their protective action, 85, 127, 243

„ injured while passing lightning to better conductor, 127

„ on plains attract lightning, 127

„ struck, 45, 47, 49

Trenches, Connections in, 72

„ filled with carbonaceous materials, 7, 12, 100, 125

„ in rocky or dry soil, 72

(См. также Заземлители).

Trough, Oaken, for lower terminals to pass through, 56

Trinity House, 183

Tube conductor for Houses of Parliament, 199

„ Copper, 7, 10, 14, 70, 74, 133

„ „ having copper cable passing through it, 13

„ patent insertion joints, 7

„ Iron, 86, 117

„ conductors, why objectionable, 5

Turrets, conductors for, how fixed, 23, 24

Twyford Moors, near Winchester, 34

Подземное соединение (См. Заземлитель).

United States, accidents from lightning, 126

University Coll., Chimney struck, 38

University of Padua protected by conductors, 122

Верхний терминал (См. Терминал верхний и Острия).

Upwood Gorse, Caterham, accident at, 210

Vaillant, Le Maréchal, his Report, 66

Vanes, how connected, &c., 10, 11, 14, 23, 39, 40, 52, 53, 104, 183, 185, 186, 202

Varley, C., quoted, 101

Venetians decreed to use lightning rods in Republic, 122

Ventilating pipes, 216

Vitreous tubes (Fulgurites) formed by electricity, 112

Vyle’s, S., rod & testing apparatus, 244

Walker, C. V., on conductors, 84

„ on Leyden discharges, 84

„ J., 187

„ Matthew, His knot, 16

Wall eyes of iron, 130

%center%(См. также Крепление).

Wandsworth, chimney of house struck, 38

Ward, G. G., of New York, 181

Водопроводные магистрали и подземные воды вообще (См. Заземлители).

Water spouts to be connected, 10, 226

Watson’s, Dr., conductor at Payneshill, 85

„ „ for ships, 121

„ report, 76, 79

Флюгер (См. Флюгеры).

Weber, Dr. L., on lightning discharges in Schleswig Holstein, 127, 231

Week, St. Mary, the Church of, 29, 30

Вес молниеотводов (См. Молниеотводы, размеры).

Колодцы (См. Заземлители).

Wells Church, Norfolk, destruction of, by lightning, 194

West side of house, rod to be on, 100

Wheatstone quoted, on fusion of rod, 83

Whichcord, J., his joint Report, 28

White, W. H., Secretary R.I.B.A., circular signed by him, 28

Wilkins & Weatherby, their answer, 4–6, 17

Wilson, Mr., his report and views, 76, 79

Wilson, R., on conductors on chimneys, 110

Wind, action of on conductors, 116, 127

Windmill with conductor struck, 128

Windows, copper, to magazines, 74

Winkler, Prof. J. H. (1746), electricity cause of thunderstorm, 129

Проволочные канаты (См. Канат).

„ cage as protection without use of earth, 132

„ melted into drops like shot, 195

„ of zinc melted, 107

„ rusted in earth and was useless, 107

„ square, 13, 216

Withers, J. B. M., his report, 40

Wood to be creosoted to form case for iron, 125

„ coated with resin, as a conductor, 54

Workhouse, how to be protected, 10

Wrexham Church struck, 126

Wrottesley, Col. G., R.E., his report, 40

Кованое железо (См. Железо).

Wyatt Papworth Church struck, 39

York, accident at, 219

Zenger’s, Prof. C., Symmetrische Blitzableiter, 104

Zinc better conductor than iron, 74

„ coating, 72

„ chimney of house struck, 37

„ cylinder, wire to pass through, 83

„ strips, 192

„ wire melted, 107

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ ПЕРЕВОДЧИКА

Стр. 170, изменено «Annals of Electricity. 10 vols. 8vo. 18363–4» на «Annals of Electricity. 10 vols. 8vo. 1836».

Молчаливо исправлены опечатки, а также различия в написании.

Сохранены анахроничные, нестандартные и сомнительные написания, как в оригинале.