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ИСПАНСКАЯ СЕРИЯ МАДРИД
ИСПАНСКАЯ СЕРИЯ Под редакцией АЛЬБЕРТА Ф. КАЛВЕРТА
Goya
Toledo
Madrid
Seville
Murillo
Cordova
El Greco
Velazquez
Cervantes
The Prado
The Escorial
Royal Palaces of Spain
Spanish Arms and Armour
Granada and the Alhambra
Leon, Burgos, and Salamanca
Valladolid, Oviedo, Segovia, Zamora, Avila, and Zaragoza
In preparation
Galicia
Sculpture in Spain
Cities of Andalucia
Murcia and Valencia
Tapestries of the Royal Palace
Catalonia and Balearic Islands
Santander, Vizcaya, and Navarre
МАДРИД
AN HISTORICAL DESCRIP
TION AND HANDBOOK OF
THE SPANISH CAPITAL,
BY ALBERT F. CALVERT,
WITH 453 ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON: JOHN LANE, THE BODLEY HEAD
NEW YORK: JOHN LANE COMPANY MCMIX
TURNBULL AND SPEARS, ПЕЧАТНИКИ, ЭДИНБУРГ.
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Мадрид — лишь младенец среди городов Испании. Марий Фульвий осадил Толедо почти за два столетия до Рождества Христова, и лишь тысячу лет спустя мы находим первое историческое упоминание о Мадриде. Лондон, под названием Августа, был одним из важнейших городов Британии более чем за пятьсот лет до того, как Рамиро II Леонский разрушил Махерит, как тогда называли Мадрид, в 939 году. Это первое достоверное упоминание о Мадриде. В 1540 году Карл V оставил освященные веками столицы Вальядолид, Севилью, Сарагосу и Толедо, чтобы лечить подагру в бодрящем, разреженном воздухе Мадрида. В 1560 году Филипп II провозгласил город «единственным двором» и присвоил ему титул «Имперский и коронованный, благороднейший и вернейший»; Фердинанд VII в 1814 году добавил слова «и героический».
Несмотря на лестные и достойные официальные эпитеты, которыми его наделили, Мадрид обладает многими природными особенностями, препятствующими его популярности как места для проживания; но, несмотря на изолированное и возвышенное положение и коварство климата, город не заслужил тех суровых оценок, которые давали ему придирчивые и предвзятые критики. Ведь Мадрид — это город широких проспектов, великолепных общественных зданий и красивых домов; и с тех пор, как он был избавлен от своей географической удаленности, став центром испанской железнодорожной системы, он превратился в одну из самых доступных и процветающих столиц Европы.
Посвящая том историческому и описательному очерку Мадрида, я не только выполняю долг, которым нельзя было пренебречь при любой серьезной попытке сделать эту «Испанскую серию» полезной и всеобъемлющей, но и питаю надежду развеять многие ошибочные и порочащие представления, бытующие в отношении испанской столицы. Я подошел к задаче с позиции жителя, пишущего для гостей города, и если мои заметки предвзяты в пользу предмета моего описания, могу лишь сказать, что искренне люблю и восхищаюсь этим городом, и я рассказывал о его жителях так, как я их узнал. Испанская метрополия современна; она проникнута принципами современного прогресса; и хотя никогда не перестаешь радоваться непоколебимой, неизменной приверженности незапамятному прошлому, характерной для Толедо, можно испытывать интерес, столь же острый и признательный, к духу новой Испании, который можно найти в Мадриде.
Не самая малая часть привилегии автора при написании предисловия — это возможность выразить признательность за помощь и любезность, полученные при выполнении задачи. Я обязан своей благодарностью мистеру У. Галличану за помощь в составлении книги, а также сеньору Дону Х. Лакосту и господам Хаузеру и Менету за их любезность, позволившую мне воспроизвести многие иллюстрации, украшающие эту небольшую книгу.
А. Ф. К.
CONTENTS
PAGE I.General Impressions of Madrid1 II.History of the City18 III.The Court and Society in Madrid32 IV.Art in Madrid47 V.Literature and the Drama60 VI.Churches and Public Buildings72 VII.Alcalá de Henares128 VIII.The Bull-Fight136 IX.The Art of the Bull-Fighter145 X.Café Life of the Madrileños166
ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИИ
TITLE PLATE Plan of Madrid1 Arms of Madrid2 General view of Madrid3 View of Madrid from the Teja4 General view of Madrid5 View of Madrid from San Isidro6 The Fountain of Cybele and Calle de Alcalá 7 The Northern Railway Station and Royal Palace8 Puerta del Sol9 Puerta del Sol10 Calle de Alcalá11 Calle de Alcalá12 Calle de Alcalá13 Calle de Alcalá14 Carrera de San Jerónimo15 Calle de Alcalá16 Calle de Sevilla17 Calle de Alcalá18 Plaza de Castelar19 Calle de Toledo20 In old Madrid21 Paseo de Recoletos22 Paseo de Recoletos23 Paseo de Recoletos24 Paseo de Recoletos25 Calle de Alcalá and Statue of Aguirre26 Paseo de la Castellana27 Plaza de Isabel II.28 Plaza de Oriente29 Plaza Mayor30 Plaza Mayor31 Plaza Mayor and Statue of Philip III.32 Calle de Serrano33 Calle de la Princesa on Good Friday34 Entrance to the Park of Alfonso XIII.35 Casa de Campo. The Lake36 Toledo Bridge37 Toledo Bridge38 Toledo Bridge39 Segovia Bridge40 Entrance to the Retiro41 Entrance to the Retiro42 Principal Entrance to the Retiro43 Retiro. The Parterre44 Retiro. The Lake45 Retiro. The Crystal Palace46 Retiro. Arab Pavilion47 Retiro. Arab Temple48 Gate of Alcalá49 Gate of Hierro50 Gate of Toledo51 Chamber of Deputies52 The Cortes. Two bronze lions in front of the Palace53 Interior of the Chamber of Deputies54 Interior of the Chamber of Deputies55 Reception Room at the Chamber of Deputies. Decorated by Don A. Mélida56 Reception Room at the Chamber of Deputies. Decorated by Don A. Mélida57 Façade of the Hospital. Calle Fuencarral58 La Latina59 Portal of the Hospital of the Conception or “La Latina” in the Calle de Toledo60 Staircase of La Latina61 Portal and Staircase of the Hospital de la Latina62 Arabian Palace of the Prado63 Arabian Palace of the Prado64 Lujanes Tower65 The Aguirre School66 The Spanish Theatre67 The Royal Theatre68 The Treasury Office in the Calle de Alcalá69 Palace of the Marqués de Portugalete70 Palace of the Marqués de Linares71 The Bank of Spain72 The War Office73 Southern façade of the Museum and the Statue of Murillo74 The Prado Gallery. North façade75 The Prado Gallery76 The New Exchange77 The Town Hall78 The Northern Railway Station79 Círculo de Contribuyentes80 The Senate House81 Hispano-American Bank82 The Spanish Academy83 The Atocha Station84 National Library85 The National Library and Museum86 National Library. Detail of the façade87 National Library and Museum. East façade88 National Library. Sphinx89 The Equitable Buildings in the Calle de Alcalá90 Statue of María Cristina and Museum of Reproductions91 Interior of the New Exchange92 The Home Office93 Astronomical Observatory94 The Exchange95 The War Office96 The Town Hall97 Ministerio de Fomento98 Hermitage of San Isidro99 Refuge of Our Lady of Mercy100 Church of San Francisco el Grande101 San Francisco el Grande. General view from the Choir102 San Francisco el Grande. The Concession of the Jubilee of the Porciúncula103 San Francisco el Grande. Left side of the Cupola104 Crypt in the Almudena Cathedral105 The Cathedral. Partial view of the Crypt106 Church of Las Calatravas107 Las Calatravas108 Church of El Buen Suceso109 General view of the Church El Buen Suceso110 Church of San José111 Church of San Isidro el Real112 Interior of the Church of San Isidro113 Church of La Virgen del Puerto114 Church of Las Salesas. The Suffering Christ115 Church of San Cayetano116 Altar-piece in the Bishop’s Chapel117 Door in the Bishop’s Chapel118 The Bishop’s Chapel. Left side of the door119 The Bishop’s Chapel. Right side of the door120 The Bishop’s Chapel. Upper part of the door121 The Bishop’s Chapel. Sepulchre of the Bishop of Plasencia122 The Bishop’s Chapel. Sepulchre of Don Francesco de Vargas123 The Bishop’s Chapel. Sepulchre of Doña Inés de Carvajal124 Parish Church of St Andrew. Sepulchre of San Isidro, Patron Saint of Madrid125 Interior of the Church of San Jerónimo. From a picture in the Prado of the Prince of the Asturias (Ferdinand VII.) taking the Oath of Allegiance in 1789126 View of the interior of the Church of San Jerónimo127 San Antonio de la Florida128 Church of San Antonio de la Florida129 Interior of the Church of San Antonio de la Florida130 Fresco in San Antonio de la Florida, by Goya131 Fresco in San Antonio de la Florida, by Goya132 Fresco in San Antonio de la Florida, by Goya133 Fresco in San Antonio de la Florida, by Goya134 Group of Angels in San Antonio de la Florida, by Goya135 Group of Angels in San Antonio de la Florida, by Goya136 Interior of the Church of San Antonio de la Florida137 San Antonio de la Florida. Painting in the principal Chapel, by Goya138 San Antonio de la Florida. Paintings on the centres of the intrados of the Choir and principal Chapel Arches, by Goya139 San Antonio de la Florida. Paintings on the springings of the intrados of the principal Chapel Arches, by Goya140 San Antonio de la Florida. Paintings on the springings of the intrados of the Choir Arches, by Goya141 San Antonio de la Florida. Paintings on the intrados of the Chapel Arch, left side, by Goya142 San Antonio de la Florida. Paintings on the intrados of the Chapel Arch, right side, by Goya143 San Antonio de la Florida. Triangles formed by the Dome adjoining the principal Chapel, by Goya144 San Antonio de la Florida. Triangles formed by the Dome adjoining the Choir, by Goya145 San Antonio de la Florida. Paintings at the left sides of the windows of the Dome, by Goya146 San Antonio de la Florida. Paintings at the right sides of the windows of the Dome, by Goya147 San Antonio de la Florida. First group on the Cupola to the left of the centre, by Goya148 San Antonio de la Florida. Second group on the Cupola to the left of the centre, by Goya149 San Antonio de la Florida. Centre of the composition on the Cupola facing the entrance, by Goya150 San Antonio de la Florida. First group on the Cupola to the right of the centre, by Goya151 San Antonio de la Florida. Second group on the Cupola to the right of the centre, by Goya152 The Prado153 The Prado154 The Prado Gallery155 The Prado. The Velazquez Gallery156 Madrid Picture Gallery. Lower plan157 Madrid Picture Gallery. Chief plan158 Scene in the Life of Santo Domingo de Guzman, by Pedro Berruguete. Prado159 Ecce Homo, by Luis de Morales. Prado160 The Baptism of Christ, by Navarrete. Prado161 Portrait of Don Carlos, son of Philip II., by Alonso Sánchez Coello. Prado162 The Infantas Isabel Clara Eugenia and Catalina Micaela, daughters of Philip II., by Alonso Sánchez Coello. Prado163 Jacob receiving the Blessing of his father Isaac, by Ribera. Prado164 Vision of St Peter the Apostle to St Peter Nolasco, by Zurbaran. Prado165 Los Borrachos, by Velazquez. Prado166 The Forge of Vulcan, by Velazquez. Prado167 The Surrender of Breda, by Velazquez. Prado168 Philip IV., by Velazquez. Prado169 Queen Isabel of Bourbon, by Velazquez. Prado170 Don Baltasar Carlos, by Velazquez. Prado171 Philip IV. in Hunting Costume, by Velazquez. Prado172 Don Baltasar Carlos in Hunting Costume, by Velazquez. Prado173 Duke of Olivares, by Velazquez. Prado174 Æsop, by Velazquez. Prado175 St Antony Abbot visiting St Paul, by Velazquez. Prado176 Las Hilanderas, by Velazquez. Prado177 Las Meninas, by Velazquez. Prado178 Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, by Murillo. Prado179 El Tiñoso: St Elizabeth of Hungary tending the sick in her Hospital, by Murillo. Prado180 Father Cabanillas, by Murillo. Prado181 The Child Jesus as Shepherd, by Murillo. Prado182 Detail of Plate 179, by Murillo. Prado183 The Vision of St Bernard, by Murillo. Prado184 The Virgin of the Rosary, by Murillo. Prado185 The Child St John, by Murillo. Prado186 The Children, Jesus and St John, known by the name of “Los Niños de la Concha,” by Murillo. Prado187 The Holy Family and the Bird, by Murillo. Prado188 Head of the Holy Shepherd (fragment), by Murillo Prado189 La Porciúncula (the Vision of St Francis), by Murillo. Prado190 The Martyrdom of St Andrew the Apostle at Patras, by Murillo. Prado191 The Dream of the Roman Senator and his wife, which produced the Church of St Maria Maggiore at Rome, by Murillo192 The Roman Senator and his wife telling their dream to Pope Liberius, by Murillo193 The Annunciation, by El Greco. Prado194 The Holy Family, by El Greco. Prado195 The Crucifixion, by El Greco. Prado196 The dead Christ in the arms of God the Father, by El Greco. Prado197 Charles IV., by Goya. Prado198 Queen Maria Luisa, by Goya. Prado199 The nude Maja, by Goya. Prado200 The draped Maja, by Goya. Prado201 The Family of Charles IV., by Goya. Prado202 Goya at the age of 80, by V. López. Prado203 Jesus and Mary Magdalene, by Correggio. Prado204 The Holy Family and the Lamb, by Rafael. Prado205 A Cardinal, by Rafael. Prado206 Madonna and Child, with St Bridget and St Hulpus, by Titian. Prado207 The Crown of Thorns, by Domingo Tiepolo. Prado208 Portrait of Albrecht Dürer, by himself. Prado209 Queen Artemisia, by Rembrandt. Prado210 Village Fête, by Teniers. Prado211 Gallery of the Archduke Leopold in Brussels, by Teniers. Prado212 The Three Graces, by Rubens. Prado213 The Holy Family, by Rubens. Prado214 Van Dyck and Count Bristol, by Van Dyck. Prado215 The Last Supper, by Juan de Juanes. Prado216 The Catholic Sovereigns adoring the Virgin, by Juan de Borgoña. Prado217 A Gothic King, by Alonso Cano. Prado218 The Water from the Rock, by Juan de las Roelas, El Clérigo. Prado219 A Soul in Pain, by Ribalta. Prado220 Portrait of Philip II., by Pantoja de la Cruz. Prado221 Portrait of Pedro Berruguete. 15th century. Collection of Don José de Lázaro Galdeano222 Architecture, Painting, and Sculpture, by G. Suñol. Allegoric group intended for the façade of the Prado223 The Emperor Charles V. Prado Museum224 The Empress Isabel of Portugal, wife of Charles V. The Prado225 A Satyr and children dancing. The Prado226 Marble relief. Life-size figures. The Prado227 Marble relief. Bacchantes. Life-size figures. The Prado228 Bronze heads. The Prado229 Tapestry. The Baptist taking leave of his parents to devote himself to penitence230 Tapestry. The Virgin enthroned, Gideon showing the lamb’s skin, and other scenes231 Effigy of St Ferdinand, King of Spain. Chapel Royal232 (1 to 5) Crowns and votive crosses of Guarrazar. (6) Remains of St Ferdinand’s robe. (7) Moorish spurs of St Ferdinand. Royal Armoury233 C 1. Spanish man-at-arms, 15th century. Royal Armoury234 C 4. Spanish crossbowman, 15th century. Royal Armoury235 C 2. Spanish halberdier, 15th century. Royal Armoury236 Mace-bearer of the 16th century with surcoat displaying the Arms of Castile and Leon237 A 26. Tilting harness of Charles V. Royal Armoury238 A 112. Armour presented to Charles V. by the Duke of Mantua. Royal Armoury239 Armour of Charles V. made by Desiderio Colman. (1849 Catalogue.) Royal Armoury 240 A 231. Armour made for Prince Philip (II.) by Wolf of Landshut (1550). Royal Armoury241 Armour of Charles V., Augsburg or Nuremberg make. (1849 Catalogue.) Royal Armoury242 A 37. Tilting harness of Charles V. made by Desiderio Colman, Helmschmied. Royal Armoury243 A 65. Tilting harness of Charles V. Royal Armoury244 A 149. Armour of Charles V. (1541). Royal Armoury245 A 243. Equestrian armour of Philip II. made by Sigmund Wolf of Landshut. Royal Armoury246 Armour of King Philip II. Royal Armoury247 Armour of Philip II., engraved with the Royal Arms of England. Royal Armoury248 A 290. Armour of King Sebastian of Portugal. Royal Armoury249 A 290. Armour of King Sebastian, back plate (details). Royal Armoury250 A 291. Armour of Philip III. made by Lucio Picinino of Milan. Royal Armoury251
Armour made at Pamplona for the Duke of Savoy (1620). Royal Armoury 252 Half armour of Philip IV. Royal Armoury253 Milanese brigantine which belonged to Charles V. Royal Armoury254 B 1. Boy’s half armour made in Italy for the Infante, afterwards Philip III. Royal Armoury255 D 1. Boy’s half armour made for the Infante, afterwards Philip III. (Second view.) Royal Armoury256 B 4. Half armour presented to the Infante, afterwards Philip III., by the Duke of Terranova. Royal Armoury257 B 18. Boy’s half armour made for the Infante Fernando, son of Philip III. Royal Armoury258 Half armour belonging to Prince Philip, afterwards Philip IV. Royal Armoury259 A 434. Gorget. Subject: The Siege of Ostend, 1601. Royal Armoury260 A 434. Gorget of Philip II. Subject: The Battle of Nieuport. Royal Armoury261 Helmet of Philip II. made at Augsburg in 1549. Royal Armoury262 A 243. Helmet of Philip II. made by Wolf of Landshut in 1554. Royal Armoury263 A 290. Burgonet of King Sebastian of Portugal. Royal Armoury264 A 292. Burgonet made for Philip III. by Lucio Picinino. Royal Armoury265 A 350. Helmet for the Duke of Savoy (side view). Royal Armoury266 D 3. Burgonet of Charles V. designed by Giulio Romano. Royal Armoury267 M 5. Helmet of Francis I. of France, taken at the Battle of Pavia. Royal Armoury268 1511. Satin and velvet turban found in the palace of Mustafa Bey of Oran, in 1722.—1533. Steel turban of Ali Pasha, Turkish admiral at Lepanto. Royal Armoury269 D 63. The “Plus Ultra” shield designed by Giulio Romano. Royal Armoury270 D 10. Shield, early 17th century. Design: Warriors in Combat. Royal Armoury270 D 69. Italian shield, 16th century. Design: The Triumph of Love. Royal Armoury271 D 68. Shield of Augsburg make, 16th century. Royal Armoury271 D 79. Shield presented to Philip III. by the Duke of Savoy in 1603. Royal Armoury272 D 86. Moorish leather shield, end of 15th century. Royal Armoury273 M 6. Shield and sword of Francis I. of France, taken at the battle of Pavia. Design: The Gallic Cock attacking a warrior and putting him to flight. Royal Armoury274 A 242. Pommel and cantle of saddle of Philip II. Royal Armoury275 A 291. Cantle-plates of saddle made by Lucio Picinino. Royal Armoury276 Turkish saddle given to Charles III. Royal Armoury277 Trophy formed of several pieces of armour of Philip II. Royal Armoury278 Armour of a greyhound. Royal Armoury279 1987, 1992. Spanish arquebuses, end of 16th century.—1955. Petronel, 16th century.—1961. Spanish arquebus, with octagonal barrel inlaid with mother of pearl and ivory, 16th century.—1972, 1977, 1946. Keys or cranks to cock the arquebuses. Royal Armoury280 Double breech-loading cannon, in bronze, used in Spain at the end of the 15th century. Royal Armoury281 Sedan chair of Philip V. (from the coach-houses of the Royal Palace, Madrid). Royal Armoury282 Sedan chair of Ferdinand VI. (from the coach-houses of the Royal Palace, Madrid). Royal Armoury283 Sedan chair of Charles IV. (from the coach-houses of the Royal Palace, Madrid). Royal Armoury284 Sedan chair of Philip V. (from the coach-houses of the Royal Palace, Madrid). Royal Armoury285 Sedan chair of Charles III. (from the coach-houses of the Royal Palace, Madrid). Royal Armoury286 Campaign litter of the Emperor Charles V. Royal Armoury287 Carriage given by Napoleon I. to Charles IV. (from the coach-houses of the Royal Palace, Madrid). Royal Armoury288 The Crown coach (from the coach-houses of the Royal Palace, Madrid). Royal Armoury289 General view of the interior of the old Armoury290 General view of the interior of the old Armoury291 General view of the interior of the old Armoury292 Royal Academy of History. Exterior of the triptych-reliquary from the stone monastery in Aragon293 Royal Academy of History. Part of the triptych-reliquary from the stone monastery in Aragon294 Royal Academy of History. Paintings on the exterior of the triptych-reliquary from the stone monastery in Aragon295 Statue of Philip III. in the Plaza Mayor296 Statue of Philip IV. in the Plaza de Oriente297 Statue of Espartero the Peace-maker298 Statue of General Concha, Marqués del Duero299 Statue of Velazquez300 Statue of Murillo301 Retiro. Statue of Goya302 Statue of Cervantes303 Cervantes304 Statue of Calderón de la Barca. (The work of J. Figueras)305 Isabel the Catholic. Bronze group in the Castellana. (The work of Oms) 306 Monument to the memory of Columbus in the Paseo de Recoletos307 Monument to the memory of Columbus in the Paseo de Recoletos308 Monument to the memory of Columbus in the Paseo de Recoletos309 Monument to the memory of Columbus in the Paseo de Recoletos310 Monument to the memory of Columbus in the Paseo de Recoletos311 Monument to commemorate the 2nd of May312 Fountain of Neptune in the Prado313 The Fountain of Cybele314 The Prado, with the Fountain of the Four Seasons315 The Royal Palace from the Casa de Campo316 Royal Palace. The changing of the Guard (Halberdiers)317 The Palace318 The Palace from the Plaza de Oriente319 The Royal Palace320 Façade of Palace321 Palace and Plaza de la Armeria322 The Queen Mother leaving the Palace323 Principal Staircase324 Detail of Throne Room325 General view of Throne Room326 The Throne327 Room of Charles III.328 The Queen’s Room329 Room of Mirrors330 Gasparini Room of Charles III.331 Hall of Columns332 The Wedding. The King and Queen leaving the church and entering the Royal coach333 A Battle of Flowers334 His Majesty the King of Spain335 H.M. Queen Victoria of Spain336 The King and Queen of Spain337 H.M. Queen Victoria338 Her Majesty the Queen Mother339 Don Carlos of Bourbon340 Medal struck in honour of the Royal Marriage341 A Lady with a Mantilla342 Mantillas343 An out-door Pelota Court, with six players, three against three344 A Pelota Court344 A Tartaña345 The Harvest Cart345 Sketches in Spain346 Sketches in Spain347 A Dancer348 An Orange Seller348 The Counsellor of the village349 Full list of lottery results349 Bull-fighters at the tavern350 A Spanish girl350 View of the Monastery of the Escorial351 View of the Monastery (east side)352 The Colonnade of the Monastery353 Upper Cloister of the Monastery354 Lower Cloister of the Monastery355 The Evangelists’ Court356 Principal Staircase of the Monastery357 Interior of the Church358 Panteon of the Kings359 Panteon of the Infantes360 Chapter Room. (Monastery)361 Sacristy. (Monastery)362 Altar-piece of the Santa Forma, painted by Claudio Coello. (Sacristy of the Monastery)363 Retablo of the High Altar. (Basilica of the Monastery)364 Left side of the High Altar: Interment of the Emperor Charles V.365 The Tabernacle in the Escorial Church366 Choir Stalls. (Basilica of the Monastery)367 Library of the Monastery368 Apollo and Mercury, by Peregrino Tibaldi. (Fresco on the arch of the Escorial Library)369 Reception Hall. (Palace)370 Hall of Ambassadors. (Palace)371 Dining-Hall. (Palace)372 Pompeian Hall. (Palace)373 “Casa del Principe” or Lower Lodge374 Coffee-Room. (Casa del Principe)375 The Last Supper, by Titian. (The Escorial)376 The Holy Family, by Rafael. (Casa del Principe at the Escorial)377 St Maurice and other Martyrs, by El Greco. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial)378 The Dream of Philip II., by El Greco. (Chapter Hall of the Escorial)379 Country Dance, by Goya. (Tapestry in the Dining Hall of the Palace)380 The Washerwomen, by Goya. (Tapestry in the Escorial Palace)381 The China Merchant, by Goya. (Tapestry in the Escorial Palace)382 The Grape-Sellers, by Goya. (Tapestry in the Escorial Palace)383 Children picking Fruit, by Goya. (Tapestry in the Escorial Palace)384 The Kite, by Goya. (Tapestry in the Escorial Palace)385 A Smoker, by Teniers. (Casa del Principe at the Escorial)386 The Story of the Passion. Diptych, in ivory, of the 13th century. (From the Camarín of St Theresa)387 Egyptian Bronzes. Amon-Ra and Isis. (National Archæological Museum)388 Egyptian Bronzes. Osiris and Osor-Api. (National Archæological Museum)389 Alcalá de Henares. Paseo de Cervantes390 Alcalá de Henares. General Central Archives391 Alcalá de Henares. General Central Archives392 Alcalá de Henares. Façade of the Archives393 Court of the Alcalá de Henares. General Central Archives394 Alcalá de Henares. Chapel of the “Oidor.” Actual state of the north wall395 Alcalá de Henares. Actual state of the south wall396 Alcalá de Henares. Chapel of the “Oidor.” Actual state of the frieze round the north wall397 Alcalá de Henares. The University398 Alcalá de Henares. Façade of the University399 Alcalá de Henares. Longitudinal section of the Chapel of San Ildefonso in the University400 Alcalá de Henares. Details of the façade of the University401 Alcalá de Henares. Details of the façade of the University402 Alcalá de Henares. Paseo de la Estación403 Alcalá de Henares. Moorish Palace404 Alcalá de Henares. Interior of the Cathedral405 Alcalá de Henares. Interior of the Cathedral406 Alcalá de Henares. The Cathedral. Nave407 Alcalá de Henares. Sepulchre of Don Alonso Carrillo, Archbishop of Toledo408 Alcalá de Henares. Sepulchre of Cardinal Francisco Ximénez de Cisneros409 Alcalá de Henares. Sepulchre of the Archbishop of Toledo, Don Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña410 Alcalá de Henares. Details of the Sepulchre of Cardinal Francisco Ximénez de Cisneros411 Alcalá de Henares. Chapel of Santiago in the Church of Santa María412 Alcalá de Henares. Chapel of Santiago in the Church of Santa María413 Alcalá de Henares. Staircase in the Archbishop’s Palace414 Alcalá de Henares. Details of the Western Court and Entrance Court, Archbishop’s Palace415 Alcalá de Henares. Longitudinal section and details of the Archbishop’s Palace416 Alcalá de Henares. Frontispiece of a book called “Vita Cristi Cartuxano” 417 Muñoza bulls, the property of the Duke of Veragua, by Joaquín Díez418 Testing a “Becerro,” or young bull, at Tablada, near Seville, by Joaquín Díez419 Selecting bulls from the herd of the Duke of Veragua at “La Muñoza,” by Joaquín Díez420 The Toilet of the Toreador before the Bull-fight, by V. Esquivel421 Before the Bull-fight, by B. Ferrandiz422 Toreadors preparing to enter the Arena, by J. Agrasot423 Entertaining the Bull-fighter, by Alarcón424 “Here comes the Bull!” by P. Francés. National Exhibition of Beaux-Arts, 1887425 “The Uninvited Guest,” by E. Mélida 426 Head of a Bull, by Joaquín Díez427 Principal façade of the New Plaza de Toros428 Principal Entrance to the New Plaza de Toros429 Interior of the New Plaza de Toros430 Bull-fight. Entrance of the “Cuadrilla”431 Bull-fight. A Picador inciting the bull432 Bull-fight. The Picador433 Bull-fight. The Picador434 Bull-fight. A “Quite”435 Bull-fight. A “Quite” of El Gallo436 Bull-fight. Lagartijo after a “Recorte”437 Bull-fight. The Banderillas438 Bull-fight. Frascuelo irritating the bull with a cloak before killing him439 Bull-fight. Lagartijo irritating the bull with a cloak before killing him440 Bull-fight. The bull being dragged out of the Arena441 Ladies at the bull-fight442 The Procession443 Entrance of the bull443 The Picador444 At close quarters444 A turn with his back to the bull445 Fixing the Banderillas445 The Matador446 The final stroke446 Bull-fight. Leap over the bull’s neck447 Bull-fight. Leap with the pole448 Bull-fight. Banderillas449 Toreador wounded during a bull-fight, by Lizcano450 Guerrita. Banderillero451 Antonio Fuentes451 Luis Mazzantini and Cuadrilla452 Bull-fight. Last moments of a Toreador after being attacked in the Arena, by R. Novas453